Nws tsis yog zais cia tias cov roj cholesterol ntau dhau hauv cov ntshav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha. Nrog rau qhov ntau dhau, cov tshuaj no pib tso rau lub sijhawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha, thaum cov roj cholesterol plaques tsim uas cuam tshuam cov ntshav txav, uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub plawv pathologies thiab vascular abnormalities.
YNtau yam ntawm cov cholesterol
Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov roj cholesterol yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub cev, yog tias tsis muaj tib neeg lub neej tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau. Cov tshuaj no yog ib feem ntawm cov cell membranes, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab lwm yam kabmob.
Thaum peb tham txog cov ntsiab lus ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom, peb txhais tau tias cov roj (cholesterol) phem, uas khi rau cov protein, tsim cov lipoprotein - qhov sib xyaw tshiab. Muaj ob hom lipoproteins: tsawg thiab siab ceev. Yog li, nce qib ntawm lipoprotein hauv cov ntshavtsawg ntom thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Nyob rau theem pib ntawm tus kab mob, nws raug nquahu kom ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb thiab kev tawm dag zog. Tab sis cov kev ntsuas no tsis txaus, thiab kev ntxuav cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov roj cholesterol nrog cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim los tsim cov tshuaj uas txo cov roj cholesterol zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws, thiab txhua pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj txo cov roj cholesterol muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
YSiv statins
Hnub no, statins yog qhov kho tau zoo tshaj plaws rau cov roj cholesterol. Lawv raug pom zoo kom noj ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nrog nce qib ntawm cov khoom. Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob tau sau cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- Y simvastatin ("Zokor", "Vazilip");
- atorvastatin ("Tulip", "Torvacard", "Liprimar", "Atoris", "Liptonorm");
- rosuvastatin ("Rozucard", "Acorta", "Crestor", "Roxera").
Hauv qee kis, statins tau siv, uas yog thawj tiam tshuaj rau cov roj cholesterol siab. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog: fluvastatin (Leskol), lovastatin (Mevacor, Choletar), pravastatin. Txhua pawg ntawm cov tshuaj muaj nws tus kheej zoo thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lipid-txo cov yeeb yam. Cov tshuaj statins uas muaj zog tshaj plaws niaj hnub no yog rosuvastatins thiabCov tshuaj atorvastatins. Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub noj txhua hnub ntawm thawj pab pawg yog 40 mg, qhov thib ob - 80 mg.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau noj tshuaj rau cov roj cholesterol ib hnub ib zaug thaum tav su. Qhov no yog vim lawv mechanism ntawm kev ua. Statins thaiv lub siab enzyme uas txhawb kev tsim cov roj cholesterol. Thiab txij li qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj cholesterol tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj, koj yuav tsum siv statins ua ntej yuav mus pw. Txoj cai no siv tshwj xeeb rau thawj ob tiam ntawm cov tshuaj (simvastatins, lovastatins thiab pravastatins). Niaj hnub no rosuvastatins thiab atorvastatins tau tawm ntawm lub cev ntev dua, yog li lub sijhawm ntawm lawv siv tsis muaj teeb meem.
Muaj ib yam dab tsi uas cov tshuaj cholesterol tsis zoo rau lub siab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav txim no tsis muaj tseeb. Hauv qee cov kab mob ntawm daim siab, statins pab txhim kho qhov mob ntawm lub cev (piv txwv li, kev kho mob rog rog). Tab sis nrog rau cov kab mob siab loj, nws raug txwv tsis pub noj statins, vim tias cov ntsiab lus siab hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai: raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab rhabdomyolysis. Yog li, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias statins yog cov tshuaj loj uas ua rau (tsis tshua muaj) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo, lawv siv tau tsuas yog raws li kev kho mob tshuaj tom qab kuaj xyuas kom ntxaws.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm statins
Tshuaj tsis tsuas yog txo cov roj cholesterol, tab sis kuj txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mob plawv thiab vascular teeb meem. Lawv muaj siabdegree ntawm kev nyab xeeb hauv kev siv mus ntev. Cov nyhuv ntawm kev noj statins tshwm sim tom qab ob lub lis piam txij thaum pib siv.
Flaws
Qhov muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub cev (tej zaum tsawg): mob hauv cov leeg, plab, xeev siab. Thaum kho, yuav tsum tau kuaj lub siab txhua rau lub hlis. Cov kev mob tshwm sim rau lub neej yuav tshwm sim ntawm koob tshuaj ntau.
Siv cov fibrates
Cov tshuaj no yog cov derivatives ntawm fibric acid. Cov tshuaj cholesterol muaj xws li fenofibrates, ciprofibrates, bezafibrates, gemfibrosils, thiab clofibrates. Cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws yog Traykor, uas yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm fenofibrates.
Fibrates tsis zoo rau statins hauv lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov lipoproteins tsawg thiab tag nrho cov roj cholesterol, tab sis lawv zoo dua rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov lipoproteins ntau ntom ntom thiab triglycerides. Los ntawm kev siv cov fibrates ntawm qib noob, muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev thauj cov roj cholesterol. Cov tshuaj cholesterol no yog cov tshuaj thib ob siv tom qab statins rau kev kho mob hypercholesterolemia. Cov tshuaj tau pom zoo siv rau hauv cov qib triglyceride siab, cais hypoalphacholesterolemia.
YCholesterol absorption inhibitors
Hnub no, tsuas yog ib qho tshuaj ntawm pawg ezetimibe tau siv hauv tebchaws Russia. Lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov cholesterol yog "Ezetrol". Lawv kuj tau sau cov tshuaj "Ineji", uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm simvastatin nrog ezetimibe. MechanismQhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov nyiaj no yog cuam tshuam kev nqus cov roj cholesterol los ntawm txoj hnyuv, uas txo cov qib ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav.
Qhov zoo ntawm ezetimibes suav nrog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj, vim tias cov tshuaj tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Lawv tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kab mob siab, nrog rau cov neeg mob uas, rau ntau yam, yog contraindicated hauv kev siv statins. Cov tshuaj cholesterol no (kev tshuaj xyuas hais tias qhov no) tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog statins, uas tso cai rau koj los txhim kho cov nyhuv kho.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ezetimibes ua haujlwm qis dua piv rau statins, nrog rau tus nqi siab.
Bile acid sequestrants
Cov roj (cholesterol) txhawb kev tsim cov kua tsib acids, uas lub cev xav tau rau kev zom zaub mov. Kev siv cov sequestrants txhawb txoj kev khi ntawm cov kua tsib acids, lawv hloov mus rau hauv cov tshuaj insoluble thiab excretion. Lub cev, xav tias tsis muaj cov kua tsib acids, pib ua kom rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm cov roj cholesterol, cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov txo qis. Qhov tseeb, hauv kev kho mob, cov tshuaj no rau cov roj cholesterol yog siv tsawg heev. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ob cov tshuaj suav nrog hauv pab pawg ntawm cov kua tsib kua qaub sequestrants, Colestipol thiab Cholestyramine, tau sau npe. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muag hauv Russia.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no yog lawv cov haujlwm hauv zos, lawv tsis nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Qhov tsis zoo muaj xws li qhov tsis hnov tsw, lub sijhawm ntawm kev tswj hwm, kev nqus tsis zoo ntawm cov rog thiab cov vitamins. Tshuajtej zaum yuav ua rau kom ntshav ntau ntxiv.
Tshuaj "Niacin"
Vitamin PP lossis nicotinic acid paub zoo rau ntau tus. Cov tshuaj "Niacin" - kho cov roj (cholesterol) - cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom noj nws hauv koob tshuaj loj (ib hnub ntim txog 4 grams). Kev poob qis hauv cov roj cholesterol tshwm sim tom qab ob peb hnub ntawm kev siv nicotinic acid. Cov nyhuv lipid-txo cov tshuaj "Niacin" tsis tau kawm tag nrho. Cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias vitamin PP tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cov kua qaub los ntawm cov rog rog, uas pab txo qis cov roj cholesterol.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj yog qhov tshwm sim sai, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv satin ib txhij. Cov tshuaj txhim kho microcirculation, muaj cov nyhuv vasodilating. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj yog siv cov koob tshuaj loj kom tau txais cov nyhuv hypolipidemic, muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ntsej muag liab.
YSiv Omega-3 fatty acids
pab pawg no tau nthuav dav los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov roj ntses thiab Omacor. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yog txo qis kev tsim tawm ntawm triglycerides hauv daim siab thiab nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov receptors koom nrog oxidation ntawm fatty acids. Yog li ntawd, muaj qhov txo qis hauv qhov ntim ntawm cov lipoproteins tsawg ntom ntom. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj yog kev nyab xeeb siab, antiarrhythmic concomitantaction.
Kev ua tau zoo tsawg, tsuas yog siv los ua cov kev kho mob ib txwm muaj (fibrates thiab statins) yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no.
