Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob encephalitis hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus yog qhov mob tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb tus neeg paub tias tus kab mob no tsis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis tus zuam tom. Encephalitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm yuav luag txhua yam kab mob lossis kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov kab mob no tshwm sim ntau dua li cov neeg laus, vim tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tseem tsis txaus rau cov menyuam yaus.
encephalitis yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob kis kab mob? Cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob encephalitis yog dab tsi? Yuav kuaj tau li cas thiab cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb twg yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev tiv tauj? Kab lus no yuav pab koj nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no, thiab tom qab ntawd tsis muaj kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau koj xav tsis thoob.
Kev mob nkeeg
Encephalitis yog ib qho mob hnyav, kev loj hlob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kis kab mob lossis kab mob thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb.
Tus mob encephalitis txaus ntshai npaum li cas? Cov tsos mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus yog cov tsos mob ntawm tus neeg mob hnyav, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kawg ntawm tus kab mob muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj dua. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm encephalitis feem ntau ua tiav lossis ib nrab tuag tes tuag taw, neuropsychic abnormalities thiab txawm tuag.
Cov kab mob ua rau muaj qhov ua rau muaj mob edema thiab hemorrhage, rhuav tshem cov daim nyias nyias thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov neurons, ua rau cov qauv ntawm subcortical nuclei ntawm lub hlwb, nrog rau nws cov teeb meem dawb thiab grey. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob purulent ntawm pia mater.
Different types of encephalitis
Vim tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam ua rau thiab cov kab mob sib txawv, cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob encephalitis hauv cov menyuam yaus (xws li cov neeg laus) qee zaum sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav thiab ntev.
Yog li ntawd, cia peb ua ntej txiav txim siab seb pawg twg thiab cov kab mob subspecies tau muab faib ua, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd peb mam li tham txog nws txoj kev kho thiab tiv thaiv.
Raws li qhov ua rau, encephalitis yog thawj thiab thib ob.
Tus mob encephalitis tseem ceeb yog kab mob ywj pheej, zoo siab los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus kab mob rau lub cev. Raws li qhov sib txawv ua rau kev loj hlob, thawj encephalitis tuaj yeem yog:
- kab mob (herpes, influenza, enterovirus, cytomegalovirus, rabies, thiab lwm yam);
- kab mob (neurosyphilis, typhus);
- raws caij nyoog (zuam, yoov tshaj cum, thiab lwm yam).
Secondary encephalitis tshwm simfeem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem lossis txuas ntxiv ntawm tus kab mob uas twb muaj lawm. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm:
- kab mob parasitic (chlamydia, malaria, toxoplasmosis);
- kab mob kab mob (tuberculous, streptococcal, staphylococcal);
- teeb meem (tom qab qhua qhua, rubella, kab mob qhua pias);
- tshuaj tiv thaiv (tom qab rubella, mumps, qhua pias).
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob encephalitis yog qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim. Tab sis tseem, yog tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus menyuam muaj qhov kub thiab txias, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov tsos mob no.
Txoj kev kis kab mob mus rau lub hlwb yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha thaum cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Tsis tas li, huab cua kis ntawm tus kab mob encephalitis (nrog herpes), kev sib cuag-tsev neeg thiab khoom noj khoom haus (enterovirus) kuj muaj feem ntau.
Qee lub sij hawm ua rau mob encephalitis yog cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov tshuaj lom los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide los yog kev sib cuag nrog cov hlau hnyav, nrog rau kev ua xua rau ntau yam kab mob.
Yog li, peb tau paub txog qhov ua rau thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho tus kabmob. Yog li, cov lus nug tsim nyog tshwm sim: Dab tsi yog cov cim tshwj xeeb (cov tsos mob) ntawm tus mob encephalitis hauv tib neeg?
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tus kab mob
Txoj kev uas tus kab mob tshwm sim nws tus kheej feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov npe dav dav ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob encephalitis hauv tib neeg.
Ua ntej tshaj, qhov no yog qhov nce ntxivlub cev kub, convulsions, delirium thiab tsis meej pem, mob migraine. Yog li ntawd, yog tias tus me nyuam kub taub hau thiab mob taub hau (tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov hauv nws tus mob tshwm sim sai thiab sai), nws tsim nyog ua lub tswb nrov.
Tus kab mob encephalitis ntawm ntau hom ua li cas? Cia peb kawm paub, raws li kev tshawb pom ntxov ntawm tus kab mob yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws txoj kev kho.
Tick-borne encephalitis. Hom, tsos mob
Tick-borne encephalitis hauv menyuam yaus yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Nws tuaj yeem tso tseg qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo - kab mob paj hlwb uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus menyuam mus tas li.
Nws tsis yog qhov zais cia rau leej twg uas feem ntau yuav muaj tus kab mob encephalitis ntawm hom no yog zuam. Tus zuam feem ntau nyob hauv cov hav txwv yeem thiab nyom, yog li yog tias koj tau tawm hauv nroog, taug kev hauv lub tiaj ua si lossis ua haujlwm hauv lub vaj, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas daim tawv nqaij rau cov kab no me me.
Koj yuav tsum paub tias zuam tsis tas yuav nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev tom qab tom. Feem ntau, cov txiv neej sai sai tawm ntawm qhov chaw stung, tsis zoo li poj niam, uas tuaj yeem zaum ntawm qhov txhab tau ob peb hnub, pub ntshav thiab nce ntim. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tsis pom tus zuam ntawm koj lub cev lossis ntawm lub cev ntawm tus menyuam, tab sis koj muaj cov tsos mob ceeb toom tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum mus rau tom tsev kho mob tam sim.
Nco ntsoov tias lub sij hawm incubation ntawm tus kab mob encephalitis (uas yog, lub sij hawm txij li thaum koj raug tom mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm cov tsos mob) kav li ntawm ib mus rau peb lub lis piam thiab yog nrog los ntawm qaug zog, mob lub cev thiab kub taub hau. Tom qab ntawd rau lawvconvulsions, tsis nco qab, coma koom.
nco ntsoov tias tus neeg laus, tus mob hnyav dua, thiab nws yuav rov qab nyuaj dua.
Hauv tshuaj, muaj ntau hom kab mob tic-borne encephalitis:
- Ua npaws (kub nce mus rau plaub caug-ib degrees, qaug zog, ua daus no, mob nqaij thiab pob txha).
- Meningeal (ntshav siab, mob hnyav thiab ntuav ntuav, convulsions, photophobia).
- Cerebral (kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev nco qab, convulsions, qaug dab peg).
- Poliomyelitis (kev mob ntev ntawm nqos thiab ua pa, tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov leeg ntawm ceg thiab caj dab).
Peb rov hais dua tias cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob encephalitis hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua mus rau ntau txoj hauv kev thiab zoo ib yam li daim duab ntawm lwm yam kab mob sib kis. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob sai sai, sab laj nrog kws kho mob thiab pib kho. Yog tus me nyuam kub taub hau thiab mob taub hau, yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Kab mob encephalitis. Txhais, cov tsos mob
Kab mob encephalitis kuj tshwm sim thiab txaus ntshai heev. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob encephalitis ntawm daim ntawv no tseem tsis tau raug txheeb xyuas, tab sis tsis ntev los no tau qhia tias nws nyob hauv cov qaub ncaug thiab hnoos qeev thiab tuag sai sai thaum nws nkag mus rau sab nraud ib puag ncig. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nyob rau hauv thawj kaum xyoo ntawm lub neej, cov me nyuam tsis tshua muaj mob nrog tus kab mob no.
Vim tias muaj kab mob encephalitis tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm cov tee dej hauv huab cua, nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws cov neeg muaj tus kab mob thiab cov neeg mob ncaj qha. Lub sij hawm incubation rau encephalitis yog li ntawm ib lub lis piam mus rauob lub hlis.
Cov tsos mob nrog tus kab mob no ntau yam. Qhov no yog qhov kub ib txwm rau tus kab mob no, thiab ntuav, thiab tsaug zog. Lwm cov cim tseem ceeb kuj tseem ceeb - strabismus, tsis khov kho, tinnitus, nce kev ntxhov siab, kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev txawj ntse qis.
Enterovirus encephalitis. Symptoms
Enterovirus encephalitis yog nrog ntuav thiab mob taub hau, tuag tes tuag taw thiab qaug dab peg. Cov tom kawg no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Herpetic encephalitis. Txhais, cov tsos mob
Herpetic encephalitis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob herpes, yog li nws tuaj yeem kis tau nrog nws ob qho tib si los ntawm cov tee dej hauv huab cua thiab kev sib cuag hauv tsev.
Lub sijhawm incubation ntawm tus kab mob no tuaj yeem yog ib hlis tag nrho. Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem nrog convulsions, tsis nco qab, tawv nqaij ua pob, ntuav, aggression, thiab ntau yam kev hnov lus.
Yog tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog tshaj kaum xyoo, tus kab mob herpes encephalitis tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau ib tus kab mob ntev, thiab hauv cov menyuam yaus uas tsis muaj kev kho mob yuav ua rau tuag taus. Feem ntau, herpetic encephalitis yog provoked los ntawm SARS thiab stomatitis.
Secondary encephalitis. Hom, tsos mob
Tus mob encephalitis thib ob yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis loj xws li qhua pias, rubella, kab mob khaub thuas thiab lwm yam. Yog li, yog tias tus kab mob hauv qab no daws tau, tab sis pom cov tsos mob encephalitic, ib tus yuav tsum tam sim ntawdmus ntsib kws kho mob.
Feem ntau cov mob encephalitis tshwm sim nyob rau hnub 1-10 ntawm cov pob liab liab thiab nrog kub taub hau, ntuav thiab ntuav. Qee zaum (piv txwv li, nrog mob qhua pias encephalitis), Parkinsonism thiab txawm tias qhov muag tsis pom tuaj yeem pom. Nrog varicella encephalitis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yaus, lub taub hau tremors, wobbly gait, tremors, thiab scrambled hais lus.
Post-vaccination encephalitis
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob encephalitis feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv thiab feem ntau tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv mob hnyav, xws li ntau yam kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb thiab mob.
Yog li, peb xam pom dab tsi yog cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob encephalitis hauv cov menyuam yaus. Tam sim no cia saib yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau thiab kho tus kab mob no, nrog rau kev tshuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
txheej txheem kuaj mob
Yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob encephalitis uas tau teev tseg hauv tsab xov xwm no, koj yuav tsum mus tom tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog mus ntsib cov kws tshaj lij:
- tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws kho mob;
- neurologist;
- tus kws tshaj lij kab mob sib kis.
Vim tias tus mob encephalitis tau tshaj tawm cov tsos mob hnyav, uas zoo ib yam li cov tsos mob ntawm lwm yam kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom meej.
Kev kuaj mob encephalitis suav nrog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm cov ntshav thiab zis, nrog rau X-rays ntawm lub ntsws thiab MRI ntawm lub hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tau ua ib lub lumbar puncture (piv txwv li laj kabcerebrospinal kua rau kev tsom xam).
Cov kev sim no tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas tus mob encephalitis li cas? Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog raws li nram no:
- Kev kuaj ntshav yuav kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb uas yuav pab paub txog cov kab mob (piv txwv li, cov qe ntshav dawb yuav nce siab lossis ESR nrawm dua).
- MRI lossis CT yuav tso cai rau koj pom cov kab mob hauv lub hlwb lossis cov hlab ntsha hlwb.
- Puncture, lossis CSF tsom xam, yuav nthuav tawm cov piam thaj ntau ntxiv, protein thiab lymphocytes nrog cov ntshav tsis huv.
Kuj, qee zaum, kev tshuaj xyuas kab mob ntawm cov swabs los ntawm nasopharynx tuaj yeem raug sau tseg, uas yuav pab txiav txim siab txog qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Yog tias lwm txoj kev kuaj mob tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, lub paj hlwb biopsy (uas yog, kuaj cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb) ua tau. Qee lub sij hawm txoj kev kuaj mob tiag tiag tuaj yeem yog electroencephalogram, uas tuaj yeem sau cov kev hloov pauv hauv hluav taws xob ntawm lub hlwb.
txheej txheem kho tus kab mob
Vim tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus mob encephalitis yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, nws yuav tsum pib kho nws sai li sai tau.
Kev kho tus kab mob no pib li cas? Tau kawg, kev teem caij ntawm ib qho tshuaj yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thiab hom kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob. Qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso tseg - qhov zoo tshaj plaws, zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev kho mob sai tshaj plaws tsuas yog muab hauv tsev kho mob xwb.
Kev kho mob encephalitis yog ua nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev thiab nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia:
- Txo qhov kub thiab txiaslub cev. Rau qhov no, cov menyuam yaus yuav xav tau cov nyiaj uas muaj Ibuprofen lossis Paracetamol.
- Tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav pab tau ntawm no. Nrog zuam-borne encephalitis - "Benzylpenicillin" thiab "Doxycycline", nrog sib xyaw - "Levomycetin" thiab "Cefotaxime" thiab lwm yam.
- Txoj kev kho ntawm lub paj hlwb. Rau qhov no, ascorbic acid thiab B vitamins yog siv, nrog rau Piracetam thiab Pantogam.
- Immunostimulating kho. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev kho mob no yog ua kom tus neeg mob lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Immunoglobulin tiv thaiv kab mob encephalitis tau raug sau tseg kom paub txog thiab ua rau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob. Immunoglobulin npaj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lub khw muag tshuaj hauv peb lub tebchaws. Lawv tau muab los ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav plasma thiab yog cov protein globular. Hom kev kho no tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si intramuscularly thiab intravenously.
- Kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob. Piv txwv li, nrog rau qhov mob hnyav, "Seduxen" lossis "Sibazon" tau sau tseg, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm tus tuag tes tuag taw - "Prozerin".
Tau kawg, qhov tseeb thiab kev kho kom ntxaws yuav raug sau tseg hauv tsev kho mob nkaus xwb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tib zoo ua raws li txhua tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob encephalitis?
Thawj yam uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej thiab koj tus menyuam yog txhawm rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sijhawm. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob encephalitis (tick-borne) tshwm sim thaum niaj hnub lossis kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv xwm txheej ceev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav cia lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rautiv thaiv kab mob yav tom ntej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob encephalitis. Piv txwv li, muaj ib lub sijhawm tsim los ntawm Ministry of He alth rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus ntawm preschool thiab hnub nyoog kawm ntawv tiv thaiv qhua pias, kab mob qhua pias thiab rubella. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam.
Lwm txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb yog cais tus neeg mob encephalitis los ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog menyuam yaus. Chav tsev yuav tsum nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua pa tsis tu ncua, thiab cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tu ncua.
Thiab tau kawg, ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm zuam-borne encephalitis yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm kev tua kab mob. Ua ntej mus rau tom hav zoov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum hnav cov khaub ncaws uas yog ze li sai tau, nruj kom haum rau lub cev, nyiam dua hauv lub teeb, xim tawv. Thaum thiab tom qab mus xyuas thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas koj tus kheej thiab koj tus menyuam (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov plaub hau), nrog rau cov tsiaj. Mus txog tsev, tej yam yuav tsum tau shaken tawm thiab tawm mus.
Yog tias pom tus zuam, koj yuav tsum hu rau lub tsev kho mob thiab, yog tias ua tau, tsis txhob sim rub cov kab tawm ntawm koj tus kheej.
Nyob zoo rau koj!
