Cov kab mob ua pa tseem ceeb heev rau tib neeg lub neej. Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog thiab ntau yam kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob ua pa, uas cuam tshuam rau lub neej zoo. Txhawm rau kho cov kab mob no, cov kws kho mob siv cov tshuaj bronchodilators. Tom ntej no, peb yuav txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm li cas, lawv cov kev faib tawm thiab siv ntau yam kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa.
Dab tsi yog bronchodilators
Broncholytics yog cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj uas txo cov bronchospasm thiab tseem tawm tsam qhov ua rau bronchial constriction.
Cov kab mob dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no, peb yuav xav txog ntxiv.
Cov kab mob dab tsi yog siv bronchodilators
Muaj ntau yam kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- Bronchoconstriction.
- Edema.
- Mucus hypersecretion.
- Bronchoconstriction.
Kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem ua tau nrog cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- COPD
- Asthma.
- Obstructive acute bronchitis.
- YBronchiolitis obliterans.
- Bronchiectasis.
- YCystic fibrosis.
- YCiliary dyskinesia syndrome.
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Ntau hom bronchodilators tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv bronchospasm.
Hom tshuaj bronchodilators
Kev lag luam kws tshuaj tsim ntau hom tshuaj los ntawm pab pawg no:
- Pills.
- Syrups.
- Tshuaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj.
- Inhalers.
- Nebulizers.
Kuj tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj bronchodilators.
Kev faib tawm thiab cov npe tshuaj
YAdrenergic agonists. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem nres kev tawm tsam ntawm bronchial obstruction. Vim yog kev ua kom cov adrenergic receptors, cov leeg ntawm bronchi so. Yog tias peb xav txog cov tshuaj bronchodilators, cov npe tshuaj yuav ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Isoprenaline.
- "Salbutamol".
- Fenoterol.
- "Ephedrine".
2. M-anticholinergics. Kuj tseem siv los thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm bronchial obstruction. Cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg no tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev. Lawv raug tso cai siv rau kev nqus pa xwb. Cov tshuaj hauv qab no tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe:
- "Atropine sulfate".
- Metacin.
- Berodual.
Y"Ipratropium bromide".
3. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Tsis txhob tawm tsam ntawm brocho-obstruction, so kom txauscov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub bronchi, los ntawm kev tso calcium nyob rau hauv endoplasmic reticulum los ntawm kev txo nws cov nyiaj hauv lub cell. Txhim kho peripheral qhov cua, diaphragm muaj nuj nqi. Pawg no suav nrog:
- YTheophylline.
- "Theobromine".
- Eufillin.
Kev siv cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau kiv taub hau, tachycardia, txo qis hauv cov ntshav siab.
4. Mast cell membrane stabilizers. Lawv tsuas yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm bronchial spasm. Calcium channels raug thaiv thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev nkag ntawm calcium rau hauv cov hlwb mast, yog li cuam tshuam lawv cov degranulation thiab tso tawm ntawm histamine. Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam, cov tshuaj no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov bronchodilators no yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj los yog inhalations. Cov npe tshuaj yog raws li nram no:
- YCromoline.
- Undocromil.
- Ketotifen.
5. Corticosteroids. Cov tshuaj no yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm complex cov ntaub ntawv ntawm bronchial hawb pob. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los tiv thaiv thiab txo kev tawm tsam ntawm bronchospasm. Cov tshuaj hauv qab no yuav tsum muab ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe:
- Y"Hydrocortisone".
- "Prednisolone".
- "Dexamethasone."
- "Triamycinolone".
- YBeclomethasone.
6. Calcium channel blockers. Siv los txo kev tawm tsam ntawm bronchial obstruction. Los ntawm thaiv cov calcium channel, calcium tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub cell, ua rau kom lub bronchi so. Spasm txo qis, coronary hlab ntsha nthuav davthiab cov hlab ntsha peripheral. Cov tshuaj hauv pawg no suav nrog:
- Nifedipine.
- Isradipin.
7. Cov tshuaj nrog antileukotriene ua. Thaiv leukotriene receptors txhawb bronchial so. Hom tshuaj no yog siv los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm bronchial obstruction.
Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov tshuaj tsis-steroidal, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj hauv qab no poob rau hauv qeb no:
- Zafirlukast.
- Montelukast.
xaus, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias bronchodilators coj lawv cov kev ua feem ntau los so lub bronchi, tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj bronchodilators, tus neeg mob cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev, kev kho kom zoo tuaj yeem raug sau.
Spirography nrog bronchodilator
Spirography yog muab rau kev kuaj xyuas cov neeg mob uas feem ntau muaj kab mob ua pa. Feem ntau yog thaum muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- Npaj tsis tau ntev.
- ua tsis taus pa.
- muaj hawb pob thiab hawb pob.
- Yog koj ua pa nyuaj.
Txoj kev ntsuam xyuas no tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub ntsws ntim thiab lawv txoj haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem no muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau rau kev teem caij kho kom zoo.
Rau spirography, koj tuaj yeem sivtshuaj bronchodilators. Cov npe tshuaj yuav suav nrog cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- Berotek.
- Ventalin.
Spirography nrog lub bronchodilator ua ntej thiab tom qab noj cov tshuaj kom paub seb cov tshuaj cuam tshuam li cas ntawm lub ntsws ua haujlwm. Thiab tseem, yog tias siv cov tshuaj uas so lub bronchi, nws txiav txim siab seb bronchospasm puas yog thim rov qab los yog rov qab tsis tau. Cov tshuaj yog noj nrog ib tug nebulizer los yog aerosol.
Tshuaj mob hawb pob
Cia peb tsom ntsoov rau cov tshuaj uas siv rau mob hawb pob. Bronchodilators rau mob hawb pob yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas xav tau rau kev mob hawb pob, ob qho tib si rau kev tawm tsam sai sai thiab tiv thaiv lawv. Cov no suav nrog cov tshuaj bronchodilators hauv qab no:
- Beta agonists.
- YAnticholinergics.
- "Theophylline".
Tshuaj ntawm thawj ob pawg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws noj nrog lub tshuab nqus pa lossis nqus pa.
Thaum muaj mob hawb pob tshwm sim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab kev pab sai, rau qhov no, siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob bronchodilators luv luv. Lawv sai sai tshem bronchospasm los ntawm qhib lub bronchi. Hauv ib feeb, bronchodilators tuaj yeem txo tus neeg mob tus mob, thiab cov nyhuv yuav kav ntev li 2-4 teev. Siv lub tshuab nqus pa los yog nebulizer, koj tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm bronchospasm hauv tsev. Txoj kev no thiaj li tau txais cov tshuaj mus rau hauv txoj kev ua pa yuav txo tau cov kev mob tshwm sim, tsis zoo li noj tshuaj los yog txhaj tshuaj, uas paub tseeb tias nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Thaum siv cov tshuaj bronchodilators luv luv rau kev tawm tsam, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov no tsuas yog lub tsheb thauj neeg mob xwb. Yog tias koj xav siv lawv ntau tshaj ob zaug hauv ib lub lis piam, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob. Tej zaum peb yuav tsum nruj tswj hwm tus kab mob no, tej zaum peb yuav tsum rov xav txog cov kev kho mob.
Tswj tawm tsam nrog bronchodilators
Yuav kom tswj tau qaug dab peg, nws yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj bronchodilators ntev. Lawv tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm kev nqus pa. Cov nyhuv yuav kav ntev txog 12 teev. Cov tshuaj no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- "Formoterol". Pib ua hauv 5-10 feeb. Nws tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si los txo qhov qaug dab peg thiab kho lawv. Tej zaum yuav siv tau los ntawm cov menyuam yaus, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus saib xyuas.
- "Salmetorol". Nws kuj relieves qaug dab peg nyob rau hauv feeb. Cov nyhuv kav ntev txog 12 teev. Cov tshuaj no tsuas yog siv los ntawm cov neeg laus xwb.
Tau kawg, bronchodilators feem ntau xav tau rau kev mob ntsws. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tus kab mob tau dhau mus rau theem ntev los yog pom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm bronchial. Muaj ntau cov tshuaj bronchodilators tuaj yeem siv los kho tus mob bronchitis. Cov npe tshuaj yuav zoo li no:
- Izadrin.
- Ipradol.
- "Salbutamol".
- Berodual.
- Eufillin.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev hauv kev kho mob bronchitis yog ua tiav yog tias koj siv cov tshuaj bronchodilator rau kev nqus pa siv lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis nqus pa. Hauv qhov noib tug bronchodilator, xws li Salbutamol, nkag ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub tsom ntawm o thiab pib cuam tshuam qhov teeb meem yam tsis tau mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Thiab qhov no txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim rau cov tshuaj. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua rau cov menyuam yaus yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho tus kab mob.
Thiab tam sim no ob peb lo lus hais txog kev mob tshwm sim ntawm bronchodilators.
Side effects
Thaum siv cov tshuaj bronchodilators luv luv lossis ua haujlwm ntev, cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Thaum noj cov tshuaj bronchodilators luv luv - cov no yog xws li "Salbutamol", "Terbutaline", "Fenoterol" - xws li qhov tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim:
- kiv taub hau.
- Headache.
- Twitching, tshee hnyo.
- Ntshai heev.
- Tachycardia, palpitations.
- Arrhythmia.
- Npaj ntshav siab.
- Hypersensitivity.
- Hypokalemia.
Ntev-tso tshuaj xws li Salmeterol, Formoterol muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv qab no:
- Tsuag txhais tes thiab ko taw.
- kiv taub hau.
- Headache.
- Muscle twitching.
- Hlubbeat.
- Hloov hauv saj.
- Nausea.
- Nyob tsaug zog.
- Hypokalemia.
- Cov neeg mob uas mob hawb pob hnyav tuaj yeem tsim muaj kab mob bronchospasm.
Yog tias koj ntsib kev phiv, koj yuav tsum qhia koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov ntawdkho cov tshuaj los yog hloov tshuaj.
YContraindications
Muaj cov kab mob uas nws yog contraindicated siv bronchodilators uas ua rau lub sij hawm luv luv. Namely:
- YHyperthyroidism.
- mob plawv.
- Hypertension.
- mob ntshav qab zib.
- Cirrhosis ntawm daim siab.
Tsis tas li, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thaum muaj cov mob no thaum noj cov tshuaj bronchodilators ntawm lwm pab pawg.
Peb kuj tseem nco ntsoov tias rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov tshuaj bronchodilators luv luv. Cov tshuaj ua haujlwm ntev "Theophylline" tuaj yeem noj los ntawm peb lub hlis thib 2 tsis pub ntau tshaj 1 zaug hauv ib hnub. Cov tshuaj bronchodilators ntev yuav tsum zam 2-3 lub lis piam ua ntej xa khoom.
Nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua tus bronchodilators tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus, cov niam laus thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
Nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej siv cov tshuaj no.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
Yog tias koj tau txais cov tshuaj bronchodilators, kev siv tshuaj thiab ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nruj me ntsis kom tsis txhob ua rau koj noj qab haus huv.
Kev kho cov menyuam yaus siv lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis nqus pa nrog lub tshuab ua pa yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg laus.
Ceev faj tshwj xeeb thaum kho cov neeg nrog:
- Irregular heart rhythm.
- ntshav siab.
- Glaucoma.
Ceev faj yuav tsum siv nrog lwm cov tshuaj bronchodilatorssympathomimetics. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias hypokalemia tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum noj ib txhij nrog theophyllines, corticosteroids, diuretics.
Broncholytics yuav tsum tau noj nrog kws kho mob cov tshuaj. Nco ntsoov tias kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau txoj sia.
