Cov niam txiv ntawm cov menyuam yaus xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov kev xav tau thiab kev tsim nyog ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub rau lawv cov menyuam. Peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR. Cov neeg laus tsis ntseeg cov tuam txhab tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim, ua raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev cia khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm peb cov menyuam muaj kev tsis taus thiab tsis muaj zog vim yog ib puag ncig - cov menyuam mos feem ntau raug kev tsis haum, mob khaub thuas. Cov lus nug tshwm sim txog tus menyuam yuav ua li cas thiaj zam tau qhov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav ua raws li, thiab qhov yuav tshwm sim rau tus menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv li cas. Txhua yam nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
kab mob dab tsi yog tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li qhua pias, mumps (nrov hu ua mumps) thiab rubella. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua tau raws li ib feem ntawm txoj kev lossis monovaccine. Cov menyuam puas xav tau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab mob no, vim li cas lawv txaus ntshai?
Measles yog ib yam kab mob sib kis uas muaj cov kab mob ua npaws thiab ua npaws. Tom qab li 5 hnub, cov pob khaus pib txo qis, qhov kub thiab txiaslub cev rov zoo li qub. Ib qho mob luv luv uas ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej - yog vim li cas thiaj txaus ntshai rau tus menyuam? Qhov txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam teeb meem loj: mob ntsws, encephalitis, otitis media, qhov muag puas thiab lwm yam. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kis tus kab mob yog tias thaum sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob, tus me nyuam tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav luag 100% ntawm cov neeg mob. Muab qhov tseeb no, cov menyuam yaus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR tsawg dua, qhov tshwm sim tsis ntev los no - cov neeg mob tau nce txhua xyoo.
Rubella hauv menyuam yaus yog qhov yooj yim zam, feem ntau txawm tias tsis muaj qhov nce hauv lub cev. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog cov pob liab me me thiab cov qog nqaij hlav o. Tab sis tus kab mob ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, uas yog rau nws tus menyuam hauv plab. Yog hais tias ib tug ntxhais tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella thaum yau los yog tsis tau mob nrog nws, ces thaum nws yog ib tug neeg laus, nws yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo thaum cev xeeb tub. Rubella cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab, feem ntau kab mob ntawm tus niam expectant ua rau nchuav menyuam los yog yug ntxov ntxov. Thaum yug me nyuam, mob hnyav ntawm tus menyuam mos tuaj yeem ua tau, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lub neej. Yog li ntawd, kev txhaj tshuaj MMR yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntxhais.
Mumps cuam tshuam rau cov qog qaub ncaug parotid. Muaj mob taub hau, qhov kub thiab txias tshwm, txog li 40 degrees, cov ntaub ntawv o ntawm caj dab thiab hauv pob ntseg. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tus me nyuam zom, nqos. Cov teeb meem hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav: otitis, o ntawm lub hlwb, cov tub hluas feem ntau tsim cov qog nqaij hlav (orchitis), uas yav tom ntej.tuaj yeem ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus.
Txhua yam kab mob saum toj no yog kis los ntawm cov tee dej thiab hauv tsev, uas yog, txhua tus neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem kis tus kabmob, tsis hais txog kev tiv thaiv.
Yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR ua haujlwm
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrog kev pab los ntawm ib qho nyuaj lossis monovaccine. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim nyob rau hauv 92-97% ntawm cov neeg tau txhaj tshuaj.
Txhua qhov kev npaj rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR muaj qhov ua tau zoo - lawv muaj cov kab mob nyob (tsis muaj zog). MMR (kev txhaj tshuaj) ua haujlwm li cas? Cov lus qhia qhia ncaj qha kis tus neeg mob tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj. Tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muab rau cov kab mob muaj sia nyob uas txhua txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv pib ua haujlwm hauv lub cev, suav nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob pathogenic. Ib tug kab mob tag nrho tsis tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam tsis zoo tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua tau. Peb yuav tham txog lawv hauv qab no.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR yog dab tsi?
Hnub no, cov kev npaj hauv qab no tau siv hauv CIS lub tebchaws rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR:
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias:
Russian-ua L-16 npaj. Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub qe quail, uas yog qhov zoo dua, txij li thaum menyuam yaus feem ntau muaj kev tsis haum rau nqaij qaib protein (xws li, nws yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws feem ntau)
rau mumps:
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia nyob Lavxias L-3, zoo li cov tshuaj L-16, yog tsim los ntawm cov qe quail.
- Czech tshuaj Pavivak.
Rau rubella:
- Rudivaxua hauv Fabkis.
- Hervewax, England.
- Indian vaccine SII.
tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis yooj yim:
- Russian tshuaj rau qhua pias thiab mumps.
- "Priorix" - Belgian-ua CCP inoculation. Kev tshuaj xyuas txog cov tshuaj yog qhov zoo. Nws tau yeej kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Hauv tsev kho mob ntiag tug rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv 3 yam kab mob - qhua pias, rubella thiab mumps - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb no tau pom zoo tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv tau zoo tshaj plaws.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Dutch MMP-II muaj lub koob npe tsis sib haum xeeb - muaj kev xav tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj no, cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob autism tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntseeg tau ntawm qhov teeb meem no tsis muaj tam sim no.
Yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas?
Feem ntau tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tus me nyuam thaum lub sij hawm qhia yuav tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub zog nyob tsis tswm quaj. Cov teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsuas yog hnub thib tsib tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Txhawm rau txo qis qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua raws li tag nrho cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ua ntej txheej txheem. Dissolve cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsuas yog ib qho tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas txuas nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov menyuam mos yug tshiab tau muab rau hauv tus ncej puab lossis lub xub pwg, cov menyuam loj - hauv thaj chaw subscapular, inoculation ntawm MDA. Cov teeb meem uas tsis ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv yuav suav nrog cov hauv qab no:ua tau mob, liab, o nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev tswj cov tshuaj rau ob hnub. Tab sis yog tias cov tsos mob saum toj no tau tshaj tawm thiab nrog rau lwm yam kev tsis zoo, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau sab laj.
sijhawm txhaj tshuaj
txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog ib xyoos, tom qab ntawd rov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoo. Qee zaum, rau kev kho mob, cov neeg laus kuj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, ib tug poj niam thaum npaj cev xeeb tub. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov pib ntawm kev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau npaj tsawg kawg 3 lub hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj MMR.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv tau nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: MMR tuaj yeem ua ke nrog Haemophilus influenzae, kab mob siab A, TMR, Tetanus, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio.
Tsis muaj contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj MMR
Muaj tseeb thiab ib ntus contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj MMR. Koj yuav tsum tsis kam txhaj tshuaj raws li tus neeg mob hauv qab no:
- congenital lossis kis tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes;
- qhov tshwm sim hnyav rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los;
- muaj qhov tsis haum rau cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj.
Ib ntus contraindications
Yog tias muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ib ntus hauv cov menyuam yaus lossis cov neeg laus uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob MMR, kev txhaj tshuaj MMR tau ua tiav tom qab ua tiav thiab rov ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Contraindications yog raws li nram no:
- noj corticosteroids, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xov tooj cua thiabTshuaj kho mob;
- mob ua pa nyuaj;
- kev mob kis mob ntev;
- kho tau cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv;
- teeb meem rau lub raum;
- -ua npaws thiab ua npaws;
- xeeb tub.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo
Ua ib txwm ua tau zoo los ntawm MMR (kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv). Kev tsis zoo tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv 10% ntawm cov neeg mob. Qee qhov teeb meem uas tshwm sim tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau cov kws kho mob, lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj rau cov tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm 4 mus rau 15 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Yog tias muaj kev sib txawv hauv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg txhaj tshuaj tau tshwm sim ntxov lossis tom qab tshaj li cov hnub tau teev tseg, ces lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev txhaj tshuaj, tshwj tsis yog reddening ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, uas tau pom nyob rau thawj ob hnub.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR suav nrog:
- kub nce (txog 39 degrees);
- hnoos;
- liab ntawm pharynx;
- ua kom cov qog qaub ncaug parotid thiab cov qog ntshav;
- tshuaj tsis haum: pob khaus, khaus khaus (feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob "Neomycin" thiab cov protein muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj);
- poj niam muaj kev tsis txaus siab tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov leeg thiab pob qij txha. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov txiv neej tsuas yog sau tseg hauv 0.3% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Kev nyuaj siab
Cov teeb meem hnyav tau tshaj tawmtom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MDA. Hmoov zoo, lawv tsis tshua muaj, tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lwm yam kab mob hauv lub cev. Cov laj thawj rau kev txhim kho cov kev tsis zoo tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog tus neeg mob tus kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo, kev siv tshuaj tsis raug. Cov teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR suav nrog:
- Convulsions uas tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nrog rau cov tsos mob zoo li no, cov tshuaj paracetamol antipyretic tau sau tseg, thiab nws kuj raug pom zoo kom mus kuaj los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb kom tsis suav cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb.
- Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lub hlwb puas (encephalitis). Thaum txiav txim siab seb puas yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR, ib tus yuav tsum xav txog tias qhov teeb meem zoo li no tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 1000 npaug tsawg dua li tus kab mob qhua pias lossis rubella.
- Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav lossis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyuaj, uas suav nrog tus kab mob no, tus mob meningitis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv 1% ntawm cov neeg mob, thaum tus kabmob kis mus, tus lej no nce mus txog 25%.
- Tsis pub dhau 30 feeb tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR, qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv ntawm anaphylactic shock. Tsuas yog kev qhia txog adrenaline yuav pab cawm tau txoj sia nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob noj tshuaj rau tus kheej - tiv tauj ib lub tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb rau pej xeem lossis ntiag tug rau kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab tseem ua raws li txhua tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia, suav nrog kev ua raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ib nrab teev nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev kho mob. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sab laj tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob hnub thib tsib thiab thib kaum tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Hauv qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg, thrombocytopenia tau tshaj tawm -txo cov ntshav platelets.
Npaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
Txhawm rau txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim ntau yam teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev npaj ua ntej rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Cov kev ntsuas no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus. Ua raws li cov lus qhia no ua ntej koj qhov kev txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub:
- Tsis txhob qhia zaub mov tshiab rau hauv koj tus menyuam txoj kev noj haus. Yog tus menyuam pub niam mis, tus niam laus yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tsis tu ncua.
- Ib ob peb hnub ua ntej qhov kev thov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xeem dhau qhov kev kuaj ntshav thiab zis kom tsis suav nrog cov kab mob zais, sluggish.
- Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj lossis muaj qhov teeb meem zoo li no thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob 2 hnub ua ntej txhaj tshuaj thiab ob peb hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj.
- Ua raws li kev txhaj tshuaj MMR, lub cev kub feem ntau nce mus rau qib siab. Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, cov kws kho mob tsis pom zoo kom noj tshuaj antipyretic rau kev tiv thaiv. Lawv tsuas yog muab rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev pheej hmoo rau febrile convulsions. Noj tshuaj tam sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj.
- Yog tias koj tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov qhia txog kev noj tshuaj, vim li cas kev nyab xeeb, ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nco ntsoov tias muaj cov tshuaj pab thawj zaug hauv tsev - tshuaj tua kab mob (Nurofen, Panadol) thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, piv txwv li., "Suprastin."
- Tam sim ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tus menyuam yuav tsum raug kuaj los ntawm kws kho menyuam yaus: ntsuaskub, ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv.
Yuav ua li cas tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv MMR?
Tus menyuam puas tau txhaj tshuaj MMR? Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsuas yog hnub 5. Txhawm rau txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim, ua raws qee cov lus qhia. Yog li, tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kuj tsis txhob cia tus menyuam sim noj zaub mov tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis suav cov zaub mov hnyav, koj tsis tuaj yeem overfeed tus menyuam. Ua kom koj haus dej ntau ntxiv.
Thawj ob hnub nws yog qhov zoo dua nyob hauv tsev, vim lub cev ntawm cov crumbs tsis muaj zog thiab yooj yim rau kev kis kab mob ntau yam. Txwv kev sib cuag nrog lwm tus rau ob lub lis piam. Khaws koj tus menyuam kom deb ntawm hypothermia lossis kub dhau.
Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum hu tus kws kho mob?
Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua tib zoo saib xyuas tus menyuam tus mob: ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub tsis tu ncua, saib xyuas nws cov kev xav, tus cwj pwm, kev tsis txaus siab. Nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- mob plab;
- ntua;
- kub kub uas yuav tsis poob nrog tshuaj tua kab mob;
- kub siab tshaj 40 degrees;
- kev ua xua hnyav;
- o lossis tawv ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj ntau dua 3 cm inch, lossis suppuration;
- Nyob ntev ua rau me nyuam quaj;
- txhawj xeeb;
- Quicke's edema;
- suav;
- tsis nco qab.
Thaum txiav txim siab seb puas yuav muab MMR (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) rau tus menyuam lossis tsis, ntsuas qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Xav txog cov ntaub ntawv poob siabcov ntaub ntawv uas qhia tau hais tias nrog ib tug tag nrho-fledged tus kab mob nrog qhua pias, mumps los yog rubella, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm ntau yam degrees ntawm qhov hnyav yog ntau pua lub sij hawm siab dua tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov tshuaj niaj hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshuaj xyuas niam txiv qhia tau hais tias muaj kev nyab xeeb siab ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj MMR - feem coob ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ua raws li kev tiv thaiv thiab kws kho mob cov lus qhia - tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig rau koj tus menyuam thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob loj.
