Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Diphtheria thiab tetanus: lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, contraindications, tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Cov txheej txheem:

Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Diphtheria thiab tetanus: lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, contraindications, tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Diphtheria thiab tetanus: lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, contraindications, tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Video: Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Diphtheria thiab tetanus: lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, contraindications, tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Video: Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Diphtheria thiab tetanus: lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, contraindications, tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
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Anonim

Tsis ntev los no, kev txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub yuav luag tsis tswj hwm los ntawm lub xeev, hauv qhov no, ntau tus nyiam tsis nqa nws tawm. Qee cov kab mob, nrog rau kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus, yog qhov tsawg heev. Vim li no, kev kis kab mob niaj hnub no zoo li ua tsis tau, thiab yog li ntawd tib neeg tsis saib xyuas qhov tsim nyog tiv thaiv.

Kuv puas yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no?

Cov kev xav tau muab faib rau qhov xav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus. Feem ntau cov kws kho mob uas tsim nyog tau hais txog qhov xav tau ntawm nws qhov kev siv, tab sis muaj cov neeg ua raws li kev xav ntawm lub cev uas ntseeg tau tias tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm nws tus kheej. Seb puas yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog txiav txim los ntawm tus menyuam niam txiv lossis tus neeg mob ncaj qha yog tias nws yog ib tus neeg laus lawm.

kab mob diphtheria tetanus
kab mob diphtheria tetanus

Txoj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob no tam sim no tsawg heev vim muaj kev huv huv zoo dua thiabkev huv huv nyob, nrog rau pab tsiaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov yav tas los tswj tau zoo vim hais tias cov kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus tau siv loj heev rau ntau xyoo lawm. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kis tau ntau dua li cov neeg ntiaj teb tsis muaj lawv, thiab qhov no, qhov tseeb, tiv thaiv kev sib kis.

Cov kab mob no txaus ntshai npaum li cas?

Cia peb xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus.

Thawj kab mob yog kab mob kis tau zoo heev uas yog provoked los ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb Loeffler. Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm toxins raug tso tawm los ntawm diphtheria bacillus, uas ua rau ib tug nce nyob rau hauv o ntawm lub oropharynx thiab bronchi. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha uas sai sai mus rau asphyxia (nws yuav siv sijhawm kaum tsib mus rau peb caug feeb los txhim kho). Yog tsis muaj kev saib xyuas xwm txheej ceev, tus neeg mob tuag vim tuag tes tuag taw.

Tus kab mob tetanus pib li cas? Tus kab mob ua rau tus kab mob no (clostridium tetany bacillus) nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev sib cuag, los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij sib sib zog nqus nrog kev tsim cov qhov txhab tsis muaj oxygen. Qhov tseem ceeb uas tus kab mob tetanus yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tus neeg yog tus neeg muaj tus kab mob tuag. Tus neeg sawv cev ua rau tso tawm cov tshuaj muaj zog uas ua rau muaj mob hnyav nrog rau tuag tes tuag taw ntawm lub plawv cov leeg thiab cov kab mob ua pa.

tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria tetanus
tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria tetanus

Post-vaccination period

Cov tsos mob tsis zoo tom qab kev qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob khees xaws thiab kab mob tetanus yog suav tias yog tus qauv, thiab tsis yog txhua yam pathology. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mobtsis muaj cov kab mob nyob. Lawv suav nrog tsuas yog ntxuav cov co toxins hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus concentration txaus los pib tsim kev tiv thaiv tib neeg. Yog li, txog niaj hnub no, tsis muaj ib qho pov thawj ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hem thawj tshwm sim thaum siv ADS.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ib tus neeg laus, txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus, yuav tsis zoo siab, txij li qhov mob me ntsis, ua npaws, tawm hws ntau, dej qhov ntswg, dermatitis, hnoos thiab khaus. tej zaum yuav tshwm sim.

Contraindications rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Muaj cov xwm txheej uas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ncua, thiab cov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau tso tseg tag nrho. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim yuav tsum raug ncua rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • Thaum tus neeg mob tau mob cov kab mob xws li tuberculosis, kab mob siab, meningitis hauv ib xyoos.
  • Thaum ob lub hlis dhau los tsis tau dhau los txij li kev qhia txog lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • Yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv tau ua tiav.
  • Thaum ib tus neeg tau tsim muaj kab mob otolaryngological, rov ua dua ntawm tus kab mob ntev, thiab lwm yam.

Tsis suav nrog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis haum rau ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev tsis quav ntsej txog cov lus pom zoo kho mob yuav ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tib neeg lub cev yuav tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txausneutralize co toxins. Rau cov laj thawj no, kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau ua ntej txheej txheem los xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj contraindications.

Type of vaccines

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Muaj cov tshuaj tsim los tiv thaiv tsuas yog cov kab mob txaus ntshai no, nrog rau cov kev daws teeb meem uas tseem tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm hnoos hawb pob, polio thiab lwm yam kab mob. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntau yam yog muab rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus uas tau txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug.

txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria tetanus poliomyelitis
txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria tetanus poliomyelitis

Cov tsev kho mob tseemfwv siv ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thiab diphtheria hu ua ADS lossis ADS-m. Cov ntshuam analogue yog Diftet Dt cuab yeej. Rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, DTP lossis cov lus sib dhos nyuaj raug pom zoo, piv txwv li, Priorix, Pentaxim lossis Infanrix.

Diptheria, tetanus thiab polio tau txhaj tshuaj tib lub sijhawm thawj ob zaug.

sijhawm txhaj tshuaj

Txoj kev tiv thaiv lub neej rau cov kab mob hauv nqe lus nug, raws li txoj cai, tsis tsim txawm tias ib tus neeg tau mob nrog lawv. Qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob txaus ntshai yog maj mam txo qis. Rau cov laj thawj no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, ib yam li tetanus, tau rov qab ua ntu zus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas ploj lawm npaj prophylaxis, nws yog tsim nyog los ua raws li cov tswv yim rau thawj thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua tiav thoob plaws lub neej, pib txij li lub sijhawmmenyuam mos. Thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv cov kab mob txaus ntshai no tau muab rau cov menyuam mos thaum peb lub hlis, tom qab ntawd nws rov ua dua ob zaug ntxiv rau plaub caug tsib hnub. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab tau ua tiav thaum muaj hnub nyoog no:

  • Nyob rau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab.
  • Cov me nyuam hnub nyoog rau rau rau xya.
  • Cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog kaum plaub txog kaum tsib xyoos.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus rau cov neeg laus tau rov ua dua txhua kaum xyoo. Txhawm rau ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv cov kab mob no, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom rov txhaj tshuaj thaum muaj hnub nyoog nees nkaum tsib, peb caug-tsib, plaub caug-tsib, thiab tsib caug-tsib. Yog tias muaj ntau dua txij li qhov kev txhaj tshuaj zaum kawg tshaj li qhov tau txiav txim los ntawm lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, ces yuav tsum tau txhaj peb zaug sib law liag, zoo ib yam li hnub nyoog peb lub hlis.

Kuv yuav tsum npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas?

Tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thawj zaug, ib yam li kev npaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no, yog ua rau cov menyuam yaus tom qab kuaj xyuas ua ntej los ntawm tus kws kho mob, thaum lub cev kub thiab siab ntsuas. Raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus kws kho mob, kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm cov zis, ntshav thiab quav. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tag nrho cov physiological parameters ntawm tus neeg mob yog ib txwm, ces txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus rau menyuam yaus
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus rau menyuam yaus

Lawv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus nyob qhov twg?

Txhawm rau kom ua tiav cov kev daws teeb meem los ntawm lub cev thiab qhib lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev txhaj tshuaj yog tsim los rau hauv cov nqaij ntshiv zoo, uas yog qhov me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg adipose, vimnrog rau qhov no, pob tw hauv qhov xwm txheej no tsis haum rau txhua txoj hauv kev. Rau cov menyuam mos, kev txhaj tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm tus ncej puab. Thiab rau cov neeg laus, lawv tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab lub xub pwg hniav. Tsawg dua, kev txhaj tshuaj yog ua nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg leeg, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ua tiav yog tias nws loj txaus thiab kev loj hlob.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hawb pob thiab tetanus ua rau muaj kev phiv ntau zaus. Xav paub ntau ntxiv hauv qab no.

Side effects

Cov tsos mob tsis zoo tom qab kev qhia txog tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias qee zaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm reddening ntawm epidermis, o ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsos mob tsis zoo hauv qab no tuaj yeem pom:

  • Nyob hauv qab daim tawv nqaij.
  • Zoo mob me.
  • Qhov kub nce siab.
  • Profuse tawm hws thiab los ntswg.
  • Tshuaj tawv nqaij, hnoos, khaus thiab otitis.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tag nrho cov teeb meem no feem ntau ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv ib mus rau peb hnub. Txhawm rau txo qhov mob, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog kev kho mob. Cov neeg laus muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo sib xws rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria-tetanus, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tshwm sim ntxiv, piv txwv li:

  • Zoo taub hau.
  • Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lethargy thiab tsaug zog.
  • Presence of anorexia.
  • Tshuaj zawv plaub hau,xeev siab thiab ntuav.

Cov teeb meem tshwm sim li cas tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus?

tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus rau cov neeg laus
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus rau cov neeg laus

Kev nyuaj siab

Txhua qhov kev pom tsis zoo saum toj no yog suav tias yog qhov txawv ntawm tus qauv thiab cov lus teb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau kev qhia txog cov kab mob co toxins. Lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis qhia cov txheej txheem inflammatory, tab sis tso tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim nyog rau cov kab mob pathogenic. Kev phom sij thiab qhov tshwm sim loj tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov cai ntawm kev npaj rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ua raws, nrog rau cov lus pom zoo kho mob rau lub sijhawm rov zoo. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • Yog tias koj ua xua rau ib yam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • Nrog contraindications rau kev qhia txog tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • Tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev kis kab mob thib ob ntawm qhov txhab.
  • Yog koob nkag mus rau hauv lub paj hlwb.

qhov tshwm sim hnyav ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis raug suav nrog:

  • Pom kev poob siab anaphylactic thiab angioedema.
  • Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qaug dab peg.
  • Kev txhim kho ntawm encephalopathy lossis neuralgia.

Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Tus Neeg Laus

Yog li, hauv peb lub tebchaws, cov neeg laus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria ib zaug nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke hu ua "ADS-M" txhua kaum xyoo, pib los ntawm qhov kawg, ua thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum plaub. Tsis tas li ntawd, tib yam yog ua nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm nees nkaum plaub mus rau nees nkaum rau xyoo, los ntawm peb caug-plaub mus rau peb caug-rau, thiab lwm yam.

YogYog tias tus neeg laus tsis nco qab thaum nws tau txhaj tshuaj zaum kawg, ces nws yuav tsum tau txais ob koob tshuaj ADS-M plaub caug tsib hnub sib nrug thiab nrog rau ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau rau rau cuaj lub hlis tom qab koob thib ob.

tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria tetanus
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria tetanus

Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus rau menyuam yaus

Yuav tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, txhua tus menyuam yaus txij li hnub nyoog peb hlis, tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, uas suav nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tsev hu ua DPT.

Kev txhaj tshuaj yog nqa tawm peb zaug nrog lub sijhawm plaub caug-tsib thiab ib zaug rov txhaj tshuaj kaum ob lub hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj thib peb, uas yog, ntawm kaum yim lub hlis ntawm lub neej. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm, kev rov txhaj tshuaj yog ua nrog ADS-anatoxin thaum muaj hnub nyoog xya thiab kaum plaub xyoos. Thiab tom qab ntawd txhua kaum xyoo.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria hauv cov menyuam yaus hauv tebchaws Russia, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke tau siv hauv daim ntawv ntawm Pentaxim thiab Infanrix. Txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj kab mob diphtheria toxoid yog cov reactogenicity tsawg.

zoo li kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus, polio yog ib yam txaus ntshai.

Polio

Tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob polio tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau lub sij hawm, tus kab mob yog asymptomatic los yog tej zaum yuav zoo li ib tug me me chav kawm, zoo ib yam li tus kab mob ua pa kab mob. Tab sis tawm tsam qhov keeb kwm yav dhau los no, kwv yees li ib feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob, cov neeg mob tau tsim ib qho mob tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov leeg nqaij lossis cov nqaij ua pa (diaphragm) nrog irreversible.qhov tshwm sim, thiab qee zaum nws xaus rau hauv kev tuag.

Kev kho mob tshwj xeeb rau poliomyelitis tsis muaj nyob tam sim no, tsuas yog kho cov tsos mob ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim. Tam sim no tsuas muaj ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio siv:

  • Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio inactivated (IPV muab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj).
  • Siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio nyob qhov ncauj (OPV los ntawm qhov ncauj dauv).

Diptheria, tetanus thiab polio txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau rov ua dua?

tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus

Raws li lub teb chaws daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, revaccination of diphtheria thiab tetanus, raws li tau sau tseg ua ntej, yog qhia rau cov neeg laus txhua txhua kaum xyoo. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog pub dawb raws li cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam, xws li hauv cov chaw kho mob hauv nroog raws li daim ntawv hla tebchaws thiab MHI txoj cai.

Kev txhim kho kab mob diphtheria hauv cov menyuam yaus txhaj tshuaj

Kab mob plab hauv qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev txo qis hauv qib kev tiv thaiv. Qhov ua rau tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov kev siv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab kis kab mob. Hauv cov menyuam yaus uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj lom ntawm tus kab mob tsis tau pom ntau zaus, diphtheria ntawm cov kwj dej ua pa tsis pom, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hnyav ua ke tsis tshwm sim. Cov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj, thiab feem ntau tsis pom kev tuag.

rau qhov tsis tau txhaj tshuaj

Ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria yog qhov hnyav heev, nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawmua ke thiab toxic forms. Nws tsis suav nrog kev nkag mus ntawm cov teeb meem thiab feem ntau qhov no xaus rau hauv kev tuag. Hauv cov neeg mob uas tau txhaj tshuaj, tej zaum yuav muaj lub xeev tus neeg nqa khoom, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv zos, nrog rau kev kawm zoo thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

Yog li no, tetanus, ib yam li kab mob diphtheria, yog cov kab mob loj heev uas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub.

Pom zoo: