Nyob ntiaj teb no, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria yog ib qho yuav tsum muaj rau menyuam yaus. Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau ntau yam tib neeg lub cev thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom txhua tus menyuam yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob yav tom ntej.
Dab tsi yog kab mob diphtheria
Ib kab mob zoo li kab mob diphtheria kis tau. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, lub Upper ua pa ib ntsuj av tau, qhov ntswg, pharynx, ob lub qhov muag thiab txawm lub genitals yog o. Qhov kev hem thawj tseem ceeb tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov mob nws tus kheej, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev lom nrog cov tshuaj lom uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob (diphtheria bacillus). Nws yog qhov teeb meem no uas tsim teeb meem rau lub paj hlwb thiab cov hlab plawv.
Tus kab mob no nrog rau qhov tsis muaj zog, thaj chaw ntawm palpable mob hauv caj pas, nrog rau lub cev kub. Koj tuaj yeem kis tus kabmob no rau txhua lub hnub nyoog, thiab qhov no ua tau yooj yim heev, vim nws kis tau los ntawm cov tee dej.
Kev kho thiab tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria hauv menyuam yaus
Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj kab mob diphtheria yuav tsum tau pw hauv tsev kho mob. Ob lub lis piam tom ntej no, lawv yuav tau saib xyuas lub txaj nruj.
Cov tshuaj tseem ceeb rau kev kho tus kab mob yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si intramuscularly thiab intravenously. Nrog rau qhov no, tus kws kho mob tau sau cov tshuaj tua kab mob, uas cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog penicillin.
Kev kho mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob. Rau qhov no, qee cov tshuaj raug coj mus rau ntau yam tsos mob (piv txwv li, antipyretics tau noj thaum kub). Nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas tus kws kho mob kom pom qhov tshwm sim thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv tau zoo tshaj plaws yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria. Kev mob tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus tom qab nws, tau kawg, tshwm sim, tab sis tsis tshua muaj, vim nws tag nrho nyob ntawm hnub nyoog. Txog niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yuav tham txog hauv qab no.
Kuv puas xav tau tshuaj tiv thaiv
Yuav kom nkag siab tias yog vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria rau cov menyuam yaus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov cim qhia txog kev kho mob. Txhua xyoo hauv tsev kho mob ntawm txhua lub tebchaws, suav cov neeg mob uas tau mob thiab tuag los ntawm tus kab mob no tau khaws cia. Txawm hais tias muaj lwm yam, uas tsis yooj yim rau kev xam - txuag cov niam txiv sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag, uas lawv tsis siv li ntawd, vim cov menyuam xyaum tsis tau tus kab mob no.
Ntau xyoo dhau los, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau qhia tias:
- hauv xeev uas yuav luag 100% ntawm cov pejxeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsuas yog cov qhua lossis cov neeg mob uas tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws sijhawm raug tus kabmob;
- twb muaj tus kab mob diphtheria tsis tau lees tias tus neeg yuav tsis kis tus kab mob ntxiv;
- tuag yog 4%;
- thaum lub sijhawm pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kwv yees li 20% ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus yog kab mob diphtheria, thaum cov neeg tuag txog 50% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob hauv tebchaws Russia, siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke. Nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv tag nrho cov muaj diphtheria toxoid. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob tseem ceeb. Txog niaj hnub no, muaj peb hom tshuaj tiv thaiv:
- txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP. Qhov tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus tom qab nws tsis yog qhov hnyav heev. Nws muaj qhov ua haujlwm triple - tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv hnoos hawb pob, nrog rau tetanus.
- ADS. Hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, nws yog hu ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria-tetanus. Nws yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, vim nws nquag siv los tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj ntawm ob qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog tib yam.
- ADS-M. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ATP, tab sis hauv koob me me.
- AD-M. Nws muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis tsis tshua siv. Cov kws kho mob niaj hnub tsis tas yuav pom zoo ua haujlwm nrog nws, vim nws yog monovaccine, tab sis raws li kev tiv thaiv zookoj yuav tsum siv qhov kev xaiv nyuaj.
Lwm tshuaj
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas twb paub tau piav qhia saum toj no, lwm yam kev txhaj tshuaj tau nquag siv hauv qee lub tsev kho mob. Lawv kuj tau muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis lawv tsis tau poob lawv qhov chaw nyob thoob plaws lub sijhawm no. Cov no suav nrog:
- Pentaxim yog ib yam tshuaj uas pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, tetanus, hnoos hawb pob, Haemophilus influenzae, thiab poliomyelitis.
- "Infanrix Hexa" - tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov khoom siv, yog siv los tiv thaiv tsis yog tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, hnoos hawb pob thiab tetanus, tab sis kuj tawm tsam Haemophilus influenzae thiab kab mob siab B.
- "Infanrix" yog ib qho analogue ntawm DTP uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob, tetanus thiab, tau kawg, diphtheria.
sijhawm txhaj tshuaj
Rau cov niam txiv hluas uas saib xyuas lawv tus menyuam, nws ib txwm nthuav thaum menyuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria. Daim ntawv qhia tshuaj tiv thaiv Lavxias hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ua kom txog thaum tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog muab peb zaug: ntawm 4, 5 thiab 6 lub hlis. Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, lub cev yuav tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria tom ntej rau menyuam yaus yuav ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thawj kauj ruam yog ua nws ntawm 18 lub hlis. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria ntxiv yog pom zoo rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 7 xyoo. Kev txhaj tshuaj zaum kawg yuav yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14.
Tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no dhau loskev lees paub tias lub cev yuav tiv taus cov teebmeem ntawm kev kis kab mob. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej yuav tsum tau ua tsawg dua - tsuas yog ib zaug txhua kaum xyoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 14 xyoo lossis 4 lub hlis. Cov kws kho mob lawv tus kheej xav kom cov niam txiv tsis txhob txuag kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv tus menyuam thiab tseem mus ntsib lub tsev kho mob uas koj tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tsis mob kiag li thiab yuav tsis ntev, yog li tsis muaj laj thawj tsis ua.
Introduction method
Ntxiv rau lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, cov niam txiv kuj xav paub txog qhov twg lawv cov menyuam tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria. Lo lus nug no tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lawv.
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hawb pob tsuas yog txhaj tshuaj intramuscularly xwb. Kev txhaj tshuaj txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha lossis subcutaneously, tsis zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Qhov chaw graft feem ntau yog:
- hips;
- pawg delta.
Rau cov menyuam yaus (txog peb xyoos), kev txhaj tshuaj yog txhaj rau hauv nruab nrab thib peb ntawm anterolateral ib feem ntawm tus ncej puab. Thiab rau cov neeg laus me ntsis (txog li 14 xyoos thiab siab dua) - nyob rau sab sauv thib peb ntawm lub xub pwg protrusion.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg, thaj tsam ib puag ncig nws yuav raug mob. Raws li txoj cai, cov no tsis yog qhov mob hnyav, yog li txawm tias tus neeg mob tsawg tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tiv taus lawv. Ntxiv rau, lawv tsis kav ntev.
Kev qhia
Kev qhia txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria hauv cov menyuam yaus tsuas yog qhov tsim nyog tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav, nrog rau nws qhov tshwm sim. Tsis muaj lwm yam khoom uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
YContraindications
Tsis zoo li cov lus qhia, muaj ntau ntau contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab ke ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nws yog vim li no uas feem ntau contraindications yog txuam nrog ib ntus ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Ob qho tib si txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP hauv cov menyuam yaus, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov ua tau zoo tsis hnyav, thiab lwm yam kev txhaj tshuaj tsis pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no:
- Muaj kab mob, kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, tus kws tshaj lij tsuas yog xav kom tos kom txog thaum tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo.
- Txhim kho kev tsis haum tshuaj rau txhua tus kab mob.
- Txhua yam teebmeem tomqab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tsis ntev los no.
- Kab mob cuam tshuam nrog neurology. Yog tias lawv nyob thiab nyob rau theem nquag, nws yog txwv tsis pub txhaj tshuaj toxoid. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau tos txog qhov pib ntawm kev zam txim lossis lub sijhawm yam tsis muaj exacerbations.
- Cov kab mob me me - liab ntawm caj pas, rhinitis thiab lwm yam. Tau kawg, lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij thiab tsis txwv tsis pub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis tseem tsim nyog tos txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txog thaum cov tsos mob ploj mus.
Piv rau lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria tsis suav nrog cov kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav, lub xeev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Txhua tus niam txiv yuav tsum tau npaj rau qhov tseeb tias yuav muaj qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria rau menyuam yaus. Tej yam tshwm sim muaj xws li:
- pab siab;
- me ntsis lethargy;
- reddening ntawm thaj chaw kho mob;
- nce lub cev kub;
- mob me ntsis thawj lub lim tiam tom qab txhaj tshuaj;
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;
- tsim cov pob me me ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, uas yuav daws tau hauv peb mus rau plaub lub lis piam.
Txhua yam kev tshwm sim no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua qhov teeb meem, vim lawv yuav tsis kav ntev, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua kom tshem tawm lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsis tshwm sim hauv txhua tus menyuam yaus. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob txhawj yog tias tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv - qhov no kuj yog tus qauv.
Side effects
Feem ntau, cov kev mob tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj rau ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj siv. Nrog rau qhov no, lawv tuaj yeem raug provoked los ntawm kev tsis kam ua raws li contraindications.
Kev nyuaj siab
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim classic, cov teeb meem tom qab txheej txheem yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Lawv xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, vim cov no yog qhov tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam mob hnyav zuj zus, thiab nws yuav tsis yooj yim kho lawv.
Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem tsawg heev, koj tseem yuav tsum paub txog lawv. Cov npe tsis loj dhau:
- hnoos;
- tawm hws ntau;
- dermatitis;
- otitis media;
- mob plab;
- bronchitis;
- kab mob;
- pharyngitis;
- xav.
Nws yog cov kab mob no uas suav hais tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim tam sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog xav tias lawv tsuas yog qaug zog tsis zoo tshwm sim. Ntxiv rau lawv, cov teeb meem loj dua tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias cov niam txiv tsis kam ua raws li contraindications.
Feem ntau muaj teeb meem nrog cov hlab plawv. Hauv qhov no, myocarditis yuav pib tsim, thiab lub plawv dhia kuj yuav cuam tshuam. Lawv suav hais tias yog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws uas nyuaj heev rau tus menyuam yaus kom ciaj sia.
Tib lub sijhawm, muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev mob hlwb. Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau peripheral thiab cranial qab haus huv. Muaj xws li cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tuag tes tuag taw kev pab, paresis ntawm ceg, strabismus. Muaj cov mob hnyav dua, uas suav nrog tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub diaphragm, nrog rau cov leeg ua pa.
Kev xyaum kho mob qhia tau hais tias txog tam sim no tsis muaj ib kis ntawm kev tuag tom qab tau sau tshuaj tiv thaiv ADS. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj cov menyuam yaus uas yuav nkag mus rau hauv anaphylactic shock. Ua tsaug rau cov lus tseeb no, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab ua tiav qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
Cov niam txiv qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov xav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nkag siab, vim lawv txhua tus saib xyuas lawv cov menyuam thiab xav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv. Tab sis txawm tias muaj qee yam kev txhawj xeeb, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yog nrhiav cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Nws yuav piav qhia meej txog dab tsitxhaj tshuaj, yog vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau thiab seb nws puas tsim nyog muab nws rau ib tug me nyuam. Puas yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum kawg yog nyob ntawm niam txiv txiav txim.
Qhia rau niam txiv
Cov teeb meem nyuaj yog lub sijhawm nyuaj tom qab txhaj tshuaj rau hauv tus menyuam lub cev. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem zam tau lawv, vim tias lawv feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis ua raws li cov kev txwv qis.
Tom qab mus ntsib kws kho mob, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas tus menyuam. Nco ntsoov ntes lub sijhawm thaum tsuas muaj ib qho kev qhia txog kev phiv. Thaum lawv tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd kom paub tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li qub.
Cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov niam txiv muaj kev paub dhau los uas twb tau pom ntau tus mob diphtheria hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem muab tswv yim zoo rau cov pib tshiab. Los ntawm kev ua raws li lawv, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias tus menyuam yuav tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb yog:
- Sib tham nrog tus kws tshaj lij. Raws li tau hais los saum no, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, kev phiv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, nws yuav nkag siab yooj yim dua seb puas yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Kev xaiv chaw kho mob ceev faj. Yog hais tias cov niam txiv yeej txiav txim siab xa lawv tus menyuam mus rau tus kws kho mob, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv qhov chaw kho mob uas cov txheej txheem yuav ua nrog qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab kev nyiam rau cov chaw kho mob pej xeem lossis cov kws paub tshwj xeeb uas ntseeg siab nrog koj tau ua haujlwm ua ntej.
- Lub xeev ntawm tus menyuam ua ntejtxhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ua ntej pom zoo txhaj tshuaj, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias tus me nyuam tsis muaj mob dab tsi. Txwv tsis pub, qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo yuav zam tsis tau.
Ntau tus neeg xav tias nws puas tuaj yeem ntub qhov chaw uas lub koob tau ntxig. Qhov tseeb, nws raug tso cai ua qhov no rau thawj hnub, tab sis tsuas yog nrog dej txias lossis dej sov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsim nyog tso tseg cov da dej, thiab ntxuav tus menyuam tsuas yog hauv da dej. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau yav tom ntej koj tsis tas yuav siv txhua yam ntawm cov gels da dej, txij li cov xab npum zoo tib yam yog qhov zoo tshaj rau lub sijhawm no. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau xya hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxuav nrog ib daim ntaub ntxhua khaub ncaws, vim nws tuaj yeem yog qhov ua rau liab lossis o ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.
Nyob rau thawj hnub tom qab qhov txheej txheem, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom paub tseeb tias tus menyuam tsis sov lossis txias dhau. Yog tias qhov no tau tso cai, tus neeg mob lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav poob qis heev.
Ntau tus niam txiv ntseeg tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb nws muaj kev nyab xeeb tsis kam lees nws. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws tiv thaiv tus menyuam los ntawm kev kis kab mob, thiab txawm tias tus kab mob tshwm sim, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau hloov nws tom qab txhaj tshuaj.
Kev tshuaj xyuas txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria rau menyuam yaus yeej ib txwm zoo. Cov niam txiv nyiam qhov tseeb tias lawv tus menyuam muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov pib thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no.
