Tib neeg, paub txog lawv tus kheej kev noj qab haus huv, tam sim ntawd pom qhov hloov me ntsis ntawm qhov loj thiab cov qauv ntawm lub cev. Kev nce hauv qhov ntim ntawm lub caj dab feem ntau yog txuam nrog kev hloov kho ntawm cov qog ntshav qog. Morphological hloov nyob rau hauv cov kabmob no yuav ua tau txaus ntshai heev rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab txawm lub neej. Txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas qhov xwm txheej zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub qhov loj me ntawm cov qog ntshav. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab koj pib kho raws sijhawm thiab zam kev cuam tshuam.
Lim ntshav qab zib yog dab tsi?
Cov qog ntshav qab zib yog ib qho khoom nruab nrog ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau cov qog ntshav qab zib. Cov no yog cov taum-los yog ribbon-shaped formations ntawm pinkish-grey hue, nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha lymphatic nyob ze ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha thiab nyob rau hauv lub sinuses ntawm lub flexor nto ntawm caj npab thiab ob txhais ceg. Lawv muab tso rau hauv pab pawg, qee zaum ob peb lub kaum os, tag nrhomuaj txog 460 leej.
Qhov loj me ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv qhov ntev yog 1-22 hli, tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov kabmob peripheral yog 500-1000 g (qhov no yog li 1% ntawm lub cev hnyav). Lawv ncav cuag lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws thaum muaj hnub nyoog 25 xyoos, tom qab 50 xyoo cov lim dej ntawm tib neeg lub cev pib txo qis.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib
Lymph nodes yog cov kabmob ntawm lymphocytopoiesis - ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txawv, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog ntshav qog, ua rau tsim cov khoom ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lymph nodes ua ntau yam haujlwm.
- Kev lim dej. Nyob rau hauv lub lumen ntawm lub sinuses ntawm cov nodes, txawv teb chaws microparticles, qog hlwb, tuaj nrog cov lymph, linger.
- Kev tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi yog tias thaum cov kab mob txawv teb chaws nkag mus, cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev ntawm cov hlab ntsha pib tsim cov macrophages tsom rau lawv kev puas tsuaj. Qhov loj me ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis ntau tshaj 2.2 cm, nrog rau qhov mob tuaj yeem nce ntau zaus. Qhov no yog vim lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm thaj chaw pericortical ntawm lub cev peripheral.
- Immunological. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm plasmocides nyob rau hauv cov nodes thiab zus tau tej cov immunoglobulins.
- Reserve. Lymph nodes ua raws li qhov tso tawm ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib nrog rau nws qhov kev faib rov qab rau hauv cov ntshav.
Ntau cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab hauv cov neeg laus
Txhua pawg ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib nyob hauv kom ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob thiab mob qog noj ntshav ntawmtxoj kev mus rau lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Lub ncauj tsev menyuam koom nrog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm txoj hlab pa, teb rau cov kab mob ntawm qhov ncauj thiab cov hniav.
Qhov loj me ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv cov neeg laus yog 5-7 hli, hauv cov neeg loj - txog li 10 hli. Nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg noj qab nyob zoo, lawv yuav tsum muaj meej, txawm ciam teb, ib tug mos mos qauv, thiab yuav mobile. Cov tawv nqaij saum lawv yuav tsum yog yam tsis pom kev hloov pauv: tsis muaj qhov liab liab, tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tev tawm.
Cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam loj npaum li cas qhia tau?
Ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob peripheral ntawm lub vascular system, feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm lub taub hau nrog lub cev. Qhov loj me ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab yog 0.5-0.7 cm. Nrog rau kev hloov pauv, nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim hauv lub cev.
Muaj ntau pawg ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv lub caj dab, lawv txawv qhov loj, qhov chaw thiab kev tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi.
- Lub ncauj tsev menyuam anterior yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub caj pas nraub qaum, tonsils ntawm Waldeyer nplhaib thiab cov thyroid caj pas.
- Kev nce hauv cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam tom qab yuav qhia tau tias muaj mob hauv bronchi, meningitis.
- Kab mob ntawm cov kab mob submandibular yog ib qho cim ntawm kab mob hauv lub cev, stomatitis, kab mob ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug thiab tus nplaig, sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media.
- o cov qog ntshav qab zib pob ntseg qhia txog kev raug mob lossis kab mob ntawm thaj chaw occipital thiab parietal.
- Submental yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob sab plhu thiab daim di ncauj.
- Hloov qhov loj ntawm supraclavicular peripheral kab mob ntawm cov lymphatic system yog ib qho cimkab mob ntawm lub ntsws, lub plawv, esophagus.
Lymph nodes hauv me nyuam
Hauv tus menyuam noj qab haus huv, thaum kawg ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, qee pawg ntawm cov kab mob peripheral ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem ua palpated. Feem ntau cov no yog inguinal, axillary, submandibular thiab cervical. Qhov loj me ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus yog 1-10 hli. Yog lawm, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus me nyuam, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, lub ntim ntawm peripheral lub cev yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 1-3 hli..
Thaum tus me nyuam loj hlob tuaj, tus naj npawb ntawm palpable nodes nce. Tus kws kho menyuam yaus thaum lub sijhawm kuaj lub cev them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov loj thiab cov qauv ntawm cov qog ntshav. Feem ntau, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj qhov loj ntawm peas thiab muaj ib qho kev ntxhib los mos. Ntawm palpation, cov kab mob lymphatic yuav tsum tau txav mus rau sab (me ntsis hloov mus rau sab) thiab tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau mob thaum palpated.
Thaum kuaj tus menyuam, tus kws kho menyuam yaus yuav siv sijhawm rau hauv tus lej ntawm cov kabmob loj, qhov kev kuaj mob nyob ntawm qhov no. Raws li txoj cai, thaum menyuam yaus, kev nce hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam yog cuam tshuam nrog ENT kab mob ntawm kev sib kis etiology, toxoplasmosis lossis lymphadenitis.
Qhov loj ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam qog nqaij hlav hauv qog thiab kis kab mob
Cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov kab mob peripheral tuaj yeem pib los ntawm nws, lossis tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm metastasis. Qhov loj me ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv cov kab mob no nce 2-3 zaug. Lub cev nws tus kheej ua ntom thiab mob. Feem ntau, cov neoplasm yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Hodgkin's lymphoma thiab lymphosarcoma.
Kev kis mobTus kab mob no feem ntau ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav o.
- Thaum cov kab mob pyogenic nkag mus, mob lymphadenitis tshwm sim. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce hauv cov qog ntshav mus txog 3-4 cm, mob, liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw mob.
- Kab mob miv khawb yog ib qho ua rau kom loj hlob ntawm lymphatic system nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Tus kab mob ua rau tus kab mob yog Bartonella, cov neeg nqa khoom yog miv. Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kab mob yog ib qho mob purulent uas tsis kho tau ntev thiab qhov loj, cov qog ntshav nyob ze.
- Nrog ARVI hauv cov menyuam yaus, ntau pawg ntawm cov kab mob peripheral ntawm cov hlab ntsha nce ib zaug. Qhov no yog vim lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev hloov pauv loj ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub cev ntawm cov kab mob lymphatic tuaj yeem yog cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob loj: listeriosis, brucellosis lossis kab mob HIV
yuav kho cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam li cas?
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob peripheral ntawm lub vascular system qhia tias muaj kab mob hauv tus neeg. Tab sis, txawm paub tias qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm cov qog ntshav qog ntshav yog dab tsi, qhov pathology nws hloov pauv tau qhia, nws tseem zoo dua rau kev tso siab rau kev kuaj mob thiab tshuaj kho rau tus kws kho mob.
Cov txheej txheem inflammatory feem ntau yog tshem tawm los ntawm kev saib xyuas.
- Tom qab txheeb xyuas tus kab mob, tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev kho mob yog sau raws li qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm microbial flora.
- Ua UHF kho. Cov txheej txheem muaj anti-inflammatory, regenerating,antispastic (relieving spasms) nyhuv, txhim kho lymph thiab ntshav ncig.
- YVitamin therapy.
- Thaum muaj tus kab mob purulent lymphadenitis, ib qho kev txiav txim siab, kev tso dej thiab kev kho mob ntawm qhov tsom xam tau pom.
- Kev kho mob ntawm lymphadenitis tshwj xeeb yog ua los ntawm kev coj mus rau hauv tus account thawj txheej txheem.
Kev kho mob phais yog qhia rau abscesses. Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav suav nrog kev siv cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb: kws khomob, immunomodulators.
Submandibular lymph nodes
Cov qog ntshav qab zib submandibular nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous ntawm lub puab tsaig, tsis hnov qab. Lawv ua raws li kev lim dej lom neeg, ncua cov kab mob malignant, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev thauj cov protein thiab electrolytes mus rau hauv cov ntshav.
Qhov loj me ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav submandibular yog 0.5 cm. Kev nce hauv cov nodes feem ntau yog vim cov kab mob ENT. Lwm yam pathologies tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev hloov pauv loj:
- kab mob hniav.
- kab mob ntshav.
- Nyob zoo thiab malignant neoplasia ntawm lub taub hau cheeb tsam.
- kab mob Rheumatic.
- Nyob qhov txhab ntawm lub puab tsaig.
Axillary lymph nodes
Cov npe ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib yog vim lawv qhov chaw nyob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm axillary lymph nodes yog ntxuav cov qog ntshav. Lawv tsim cov tshuaj immunoglobulins uas tiv thaiv cov kab mob thiab cov hlwb aggressive.
Qhov loj me ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav axillary yog los ntawm 0.5 txog 1.5 hli. Lawv qhov nce tuaj yeem yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub mis, hauv siab lossis ob txhais tes. Tsis tas li, kev hloov kho ntawm node tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam:
- tawm hws ntau dhau nrog kev tsim cov kab mob ntau ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov leeg nqaij.
- kev tsis haum.
- mob ntawm cov plaub hau.
- Neoplasia.
Cov qog o o tsis yog kab mob, tab sis yog ib qho kev kuaj mob ntawm qee yam kab mob, kev kho mob uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kws kho mob.
