Lub cev tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob sib kis. Ntau tus kab mob, kab mob, fungi thiab protozoa tuaj rau niaj hnub sib cuag nrog tib neeg lub cev, tab sis tsis ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, uas yog qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov hlwb xws li phagocytes. Cov no yog cov hlwb tshwj xeeb uas muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov kab mob los yog lub cev txawv teb chaws, cais nws thiab txwv tsis pub nws kev sib cuag nrog ib puag ncig hauv lub cev.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm phagocytosis
Lo lus phagocytosis yog hais txog kev nqus tag nrho ntawm lub cev txawv teb chaws. Nws yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes uas muaj peev xwm zom cov kab mob phagocytosed. Hauv unicellular biology, lo lus hais txog ib hom khoom noj khoom haus, tab sis evolution tau pom lwm qhov kev siv rau cov txheej txheem no, muab nws tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Thiab yog hais tias peb xav txog lub sij hawm los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm immunology, ces nws txhais tau hais tias qhov nqus ntawm cov kab mob nyob los yog ib feem ntawm nws nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshem tawm nws los ntawm lub internal ib puag ncig ntawm lub cev. Qhov no txo qhov yuav ua rau muaj kab mob.
Qee cov kab mob, xws li Mycobacterium tuberculosis thiab mob ruas, muaj peev xwm nyob txawm nyob rau hauv lub digestive vacuole ntawm cov macrophages uas nqos nws. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas phagocytes thiab phagocytosisineffective tiv thaiv kab mob yoog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov kab mob siv phagocytosis kom nkag mus rau hauv lub cell thiab rov ua dua. Hauv plawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv phagocytosis yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw ntawm phagosome nrog macrophage digestive vacuole.
Immunocompetent human phagocytes
Nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, phagocytes yog cov hlwb uas ua rau kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lossis ua kom tsis zoo tom qab opsonization nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau cov phagocytes yog neutrophils, ib hom leukocyte hauv cov ntshav. Lawv muaj enzyme systems rau tsim cov khoom noj vacuole thiab enzymes, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov lysis ntawm phagocytosed txawv teb chaws lub cev yuav nqa tawm.
Feem ntau, vim muaj cov kab mob loj heev lossis cov khoom seem ntawm cov hlwb puas ntawm lub cev, kev tuag loj ntawm neutrophils kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mob. Macroscopically, qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov kua paug nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg o. Pus yog sib xyaw ntawm cov neutrophic phagocytes tuag, cov hlwb puas thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob. Tag nrho cov sib tov no hu ua detritus.
Monocyte phagocytes
Hom thib ob ntawm phagocytes yog monocytes. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau phagocytosis intravascular. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus ntawm lub cev txawv teb chaws thiab cov kab mob uas tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav txawm tias ua ntej kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, mus rau hauv dendrocyte lossis mus rau hauv histiocyte. Lub monocyte, ua ntej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg macrophages, muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis ua ntej sib txawv. Kujphagocytes yog tag nrho cov hlwb tau los ntawm monocytes thiab cov clones tom qab ntawm cov hlwb los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv macrophages.
Phagocytes ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob humoral
Immunocompetent phagocytes yog cov hlwb uas muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov khoom zoo. Lawv yog txawv teb chaws lub cev thiab microorganisms. Yog hais tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tau yav tas los nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov antigen, lub txawv teb chaws lub cev yuav tam sim ntawd cuam tshuam nrog lub macrophage. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, nws yuav nqus cov kab mob, zom nws, paub txog nws cov antigens thiab nthuav tawm lawv ntawm nws daim nyias nyias. Hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cuag thawj zaug yog hu ua antigen-presenting cells.
Antigen-presenting phagocytes yog hu ua macrophages uas muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov antigen thiab txiav txim siab nws cov qauv, uas yuav nthuav tawm ntawm lawv cov membrane MHC receptor. Tom qab kev nthuav qhia, T-lymphocytes yuav tsim kev tiv thaiv kev lom zem nrog rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Thaum rov sib cuag nrog tib lub cev txawv teb chaws, lwm yam phagocytes yuav koom nrog. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog tias ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txuas nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ces ib qho neutrophil tuaj yeem ua rau nws phagocytosis.
Yog tias lub zog ntawm lub tshuab enzyme ntawm ib qho phagocyte tsis txaus los faib lub cev txawv teb chaws, nws siv cov pa oxygen reactive. Los ntawm lawv, tsis tsuas yog tus kab mob nws tus kheej raug puas tsuaj, tab sis kuj cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig. Qhov no provokes tsim cov tshuaj ntsiav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev, uas tsis tuaj yeem raug phagocytosed lossis tawg. Lub cev siv lub tswv yim ntawm "kev khaws cia" lub cev txawv teb chaws hauv cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas, tsis suav nrog nws.ntxiv kev sib cuag nrog ib puag ncig ntawm lub cev.
