Lub siab thiab txiav (pancreatic) caj pas yog lub cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg. Ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj lub siab. Lawv yog cov qog loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub digestive system. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txiav thiab daim siab muaj ntau yam sib txawv; daim siab hlwb (hepatocytes) ua haujlwm txog 500. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, lub siab thiab lub txiav ua haujlwm li cas hauv lub cev? Puas yog lawv tsuas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev zom zaub mov?
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub siab thiab txiav txiav
pancreas thiab siab yog dab tsi?
Tus txiav txiav yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub plab zom mov. Nws nyob tom qab lub plab, muaj oblong duab. Raws li lub caj pas exocrine, nws zais cov kua txiv pancreatic uas muaj cov enzymes uas zom cov carbohydrates, cov protein thiab cov rog. Raws li cov qog endocrine, nws zais cov tshuaj hormones insulin, glucagon, thiab lwm yam. 99% ntawm lub caj pas muaj cov qauv lobular - qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub caj pas. Cov kab mob endocrine tsuas yog 1% ntawm qhov ntim ntawm lub cev, yog nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw ntawm caj pas hauv daim ntawv.islets ntawm Langerhans.
Lub siab yog lub cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg. Nws yog nyob rau hauv txoj cai hypochondrium, muaj ib tug lobed qauv. Hauv qab daim siab yog lub gallbladder, uas khaws cov kua tsib tsim los ntawm daim siab. Qab lub gallbladder yog lub rooj vag ntawm lub siab. Los ntawm lawv, cov hlab ntsha portal nkag mus rau hauv daim siab, nqa cov ntshav los ntawm cov hnyuv, plab thiab spleen, cov hlab ntsha hauv siab, uas ua rau lub siab nws tus kheej, thiab cov hlab ntsha. Lymphatic hlab ntsha thiab cov kab mob siab feem ntau tawm ntawm daim siab. Lub cystic duct ntws mus rau tom kawg los ntawm lub gallbladder. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke, ua ke nrog cov kav dej ntawm lub caj pas pancreatic, qhib rau hauv duodenum.
Pancreas thiab siab yog qog, dab tsi secretion?
Nyob ntawm qhov twg lub caj pas zais nws qhov zais cia, muaj cov qog ntawm sab nraud, sab hauv thiab sib xyaw ua ke.
- Cov qog endocrine tsim cov tshuaj hormones ncaj qha rau hauv cov ntshav. Cov qog no muaj xws li: qog pituitary, thyroid caj pas, caj pas parathyroid, qog adrenal;
- Cov qog qog nqaij hlav sab nrauv tsim cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb uas tso tawm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis mus rau hauv ib qho kab noj hniav ntawm lub cev, thiab tom qab ntawd tawm. Cov no yog hws, sebaceous, lacrimal, salivary, mammary qog.
- Cov qog ntawm cov kua dej sib xyaw ua ke tsim cov tshuaj hormones thiab cov khoom tawm los ntawm lub cev. Cov no suav nrog txiav txiav, qog nqaij hlav.
Lub siab, raws li Internet qhov chaw, yog ib qho chaw zais cia sab nraud, tab sis kev tshawb fawbCov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus nug: "Lub siab - caj pas, dab tsi secretion?", ib tug unequivocal teb yog muab - "Tsev", txij li thaum ntau cov tshuaj hormones yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub cev.
Lub luag haujlwm lom ntawm lub siab thiab txiav txiav
Ob lub cev no hu ua lub plab zom mov. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm daim siab thiab pancreas hauv kev zom zaub mov yog zom cov rog. Pancreas, tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm daim siab, zom cov carbohydrates thiab cov protein. Tab sis lub luag haujlwm ntawm daim siab thiab txiav txiav muaj ntau yam sib txawv, qee qhov tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev zom zaub mov.
Lub Siab Ua Haujlwm:
- Hormonal. Qee cov tshuaj hormones yog synthesized nyob rau hauv nws - insulin zoo li kev loj hlob zoo, thrombopoietin, angiotensin thiab lwm yam.
- Kev tso nyiaj. Lub siab khaws cia txog li 0.6 litres ntshav.
- Hematopoietic. Lub siab thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm fetal yog ib tug hematopoietic organ.
- Kev tawm dag zog. Nws zais cov kua tsib, uas npaj cov rog rau kev zom zaub mov - emulsifies lawv, thiab tseem muaj cov kab mob bactericidal.
- Txoj kev. Ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg tsis tu ncua nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev: tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj tua kab, cov khoom metabolic ntawm cov hnyuv microflora yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv. Cov ntshav ntws los ntawm cov hnyuv thiab muaj cov tshuaj lom tsis tau ncaj qha mus rau lub plawv, thiab tom qab ntawd kis mus thoob plaws lub cev, tab sis nkag mus rau hauv daim siab los ntawm cov hlab ntsha portal. Ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov tib neeg cov ntshav dhau los ntawm lub cev no txhua feeb.
Nyob rau hauv daim siab, txawv teb chaws thiab tshuaj lom uas tau nkag mus rau nws yog detoxified. Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm cov tshuaj no yog lawvhnov mob nrog cov protein thiab lipids ntawm cov hlwb, cuam tshuam lawv cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, xws li cov proteins thiab lipids, thiab yog li cov hlwb, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob, tsis ua lawv txoj haujlwm.
Tus txheej txheem ntawm neutralization yog nyob rau hauv ob theem:
- Hloov cov dej-insoluble tshuaj lom mus rau hauv cov soluble,
- Muab cov tshuaj tau soluble nrog glucuronic lossis sulfuric acid, glutathione tsim cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom uas tawm hauv lub cev.
Y Metabolic lub siab
Lub cev sab hauv no koom nrog cov metabolism hauv cov protein, rog thiab carbohydrates.
- Carbohydrate metabolism. Muab cov ntsiab lus tsis tu ncua ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav. Tom qab noj mov, thaum muaj ntau cov piam thaj nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, nws lub khw hauv daim ntawv ntawm glycogen yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab cov leeg. Thaum noj mov, lub cev tau txais cov piam thaj los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm glycogen.
- Y Protein metabolism. Amino acids uas nyuam qhuav nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm cov hnyuv raug xa los ntawm cov hlab ntsha portal mus rau lub siab. Ntawm no, cov proteins ntawm coagulation system (prothrombin, fibrinogen), ntshav plasma (tag nrho cov albumins, α- thiab β-globulins) yog tsim los ntawm cov amino acids. Ntawm no, cov amino acids nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm deamination thiab transamination tsim nyog rau kev sib nrig sib hloov ntawm amino acids, synthesis ntawm qabzib thiab ketone lub cev los ntawm cov amino acids. Hauv daim siab, cov khoom muaj tshuaj lom ntawm cov protein metabolism yog neutralized, feem ntau yog ammonia, uas hloov mus rau hauv urea.
- Fat metabolism. Tom qab noj mov, cov rog thiab phospholipids yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub siab los ntawm fatty acids los ntawm txoj hnyuv; ib feemfatty acids yog oxidized los tsim ketone lub cev thiab tso tawm lub zog. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov pluas noj, fatty acids los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg adipose nkag mus rau hauv daim siab, qhov chaw uas lawv undergo β-oxidation nrog kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog. Lub siab synthesizes ¾ ntawm tag nrho cov roj cholesterol hauv lub cev. Tsuas yog ¼ ntawm nws los ntawm zaub mov.
Pancreas muaj nuj nqi
pancreas yog dab tsi twb tau txiav txim siab, tam sim no cia saib seb nws ua haujlwm li cas?
- Zoo plab. Pancreatic enzymes zom tag nrho cov khoom noj - nucleic acids, rog, proteins, carbohydrates.
- Hormonal. Lub pancreas secretes ntau cov tshuaj hormones, suav nrog insulin thiab glucagon.
YDab tsi yog digestion?
Peb lub cev yog tsim los ntawm yuav luag 40 trillion hlwb. Lawv txhua tus xav tau lub zog ua neej nyob. Cells tuag, tsim cov khoom tsim los tsim cov tshiab. Khoom noj khoom haus yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Nws nkag mus rau hauv lub plab zom mov, splits (digested) rau hauv ib tug neeg molecules, uas yog absorbed nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab nqa mus thoob plaws lub cev, mus rau txhua lub cell.
Kev zom zaub mov, uas yog, kev rhuav tshem ntawm cov khoom noj nyuaj - cov proteins, rog thiab carbohydrates, rau hauv cov molecules me (amino acids), ntau dua fatty acids thiab qabzib, raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzymes. Lawv pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua txiv digestive - qaub ncaug, plab hnyuv, pancreatic thiab hnyuv kua txiv.
Carbohydrates pib digested nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, proteins pib zom nyob rau hauv lub plab. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov carbohydrates, cov protein thiab tag nrho cov lipid tawg tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv cov hnyuv me nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm pancreatic thiab hnyuv enzymes.
Undigested seem ntawm cov zaub mov yog tawm los ntawm lub cev.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm pancreas hauv kev zom zaub mov
Lub pancreas plays lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev zom zaub mov. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm pancreas yog dab tsi? Nws secretes enzymes uas hydrolyze proteins, carbohydrates, rog thiab nucleic acids nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv me.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm pancreas hauv kev zom cov protein
Proteins lossis polypeptides ntawm cov zaub mov pib zom hauv plab raws li kev ua ntawm enzyme trypsin rau oligopeptides uas nkag mus rau hauv cov hnyuv. Ntawm no, pancreatic kua txiv enzymes ua rau oligopeptides - elastase, chymotrypsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidases A thiab B. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm sib koom ua ke yog kev tawg ntawm oligopeptides rau di- thiab tripeptides.
Ua tiav kev zom zaub mov yog ua los ntawm cov hnyuv hauv cov enzymes, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov chains luv ntawm di- thiab tripeptides yog cleaved rau hauv ib tug neeg amino acids, uas yog me me rau nkag mus rau hauv lub mucous daim nyias nyias thiab cov hnyuv thiab ces nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. ntshav.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm pancreas hauv kev zom zaub mov
Carbohydrates-polysaccharides pib zom hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav raws li kev txiav txim ntawm enzyme α-amylase ntawm qaub ncaug nrog tsim cov tawg loj - dextrins. Hauv cov hnyuv me, dextrins nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm pancreatic enzyme - pancreatic α-amylasetawg mus rau hauv disaccharides - m altose thiab isom altose. Cov disaccharides no, nrog rau cov uas tuaj nrog cov khoom noj - sucrose thiab lactose, tawg nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm plab hnyuv enzymes rau monosaccharides - qabzib, fructose thiab galactose, thiab ntau ntau qabzib yog tsim dua li lwm yam tshuaj. Monosaccharides yog absorbed rau hauv cov hnyuv, ces nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab nqa mus rau hauv lub cev.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm pancreas thiab daim siab hauv kev zom zaub mov
Cov rog, lossis triacylglycerols, pib zom hauv cov neeg laus nkaus xwb hauv cov hnyuv (hauv cov menyuam yaus hauv qhov ncauj). Kev tawg ntawm cov rog muaj ib qho peculiarity: lawv yog insoluble nyob rau hauv cov dej ib puag ncig ntawm txoj hnyuv, yog li ntawd lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv loj tee. Peb yuav ua li cas ntxuav tais diav ntawm cov roj tuab tuab tau khov? Peb siv detergents. Lawv ntxuav cov rog, raws li lawv muaj cov surfactants uas rhuav cov txheej roj rau hauv cov tee me me uas yooj yim ntxuav nrog dej. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm surfactants hauv cov hnyuv yog ua los ntawm cov kua tsib uas tsim los ntawm daim siab hlwb.
Bile emulsifies cov rog - zom cov tee loj ntawm cov roj rau hauv cov khoom sib cais uas tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim ntawm pancreatic enzyme - pancreatic lipase. Yog li, lub luag haujlwm ntawm daim siab thiab txiav txiav thaum lub sij hawm lipid digestion yog ua raws li nram no: kev npaj (emulsification) - splitting.
Thaum triacylglycerols tawg, monoacylglycerols thiab cov fatty acids dawb yog tsim. Lawv tsim cov micelles sib xyaw, uas kuj suav nrog cov roj cholesterol, rog-solublevitamins, kua tsib acids. Micelles absorbed rau hauv cov hnyuv thiab ces nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Hormonal muaj nuj nqi ntawm pancreas
Ntau cov tshuaj hormones tsim nyob rau hauv pancreas - insulin thiab glucagon, uas ua kom muaj cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav, nrog rau lipocaine thiab lwm yam.
Glucose ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv lub cev. Glucose yog qhov tsim nyog rau txhua lub cell, vim qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm nws qhov kev hloov pauv ua rau lub zog tsim tawm, yam tsis muaj lub neej ntawm tes ua tsis tau.
pancreas yog dab tsi? Glucose los ntawm cov ntshav nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau hom. Ib qho ntawm cov tsiaj no thauj cov piam thaj los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov leeg nqaij thiab cov nqaij adipose. Cov protein no tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog kev koom tes ntawm pancreatic hormone - insulin. Cov ntaub so ntswg uas cov piam thaj nkag mus tsuas yog nrog kev koom tes ntawm insulin yog hu ua insulin-dependent.
Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj hormones pancreas secrete tom qab noj mov? Tom qab noj mov, insulin raug tso tawm, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam uas ua rau txo qis hauv cov ntshav qabzib:
- tig qabzib mus rau hauv cov khoom noj carbohydrate - glycogen;
- glucose hloov pauv uas mus nrog kev tso tawm lub zog - glycolysis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
- hloov cov piam thaj rau hauv cov roj ntsha fatty acids thiab cov rog - khaws cia lub zog tshuaj.
Nrog cov tshuaj insulin tsis txaus, ntshav qab zib mellitus tshwm sim, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm metabolic ntawm carbohydrates, rog thiab proteins.
Dab tsi cov tshuaj hormonessecretes pancreas thaum yoo mov? 6 teev tom qab noj mov, digestion thiab nqus tag nrho cov as-ham xaus. Ntshav qab zib theem pib poob qis. Nws yog lub sijhawm los siv cov khoom seem - glycogen thiab rog. Lawv cov kev mob tshwm sim yog tshwm sim los ntawm pancreatic hormone - glucagon. Nws cov khoom pib nrog kev poob qis hauv cov ntshav qabzib, nws txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau nce qib no. Glucagon txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
- hloov pauv ntawm glycogen rau qabzib;
- hloov pauv ntawm cov amino acids, lactic acid thiab glycerol rau hauv qabzib;
- rog rog.
Insulin thiab glucagon ua haujlwm ua ke kom cov ntshav qabzib nyob ib puag ncig.
Tus mob pancreatitis yog dab tsi thiab nws kho li cas?
Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm daim siab thiab txiav txiav, kev zom cov khoom noj khoom haus cuam tshuam. Qhov feem ntau pathology ntawm pancreas yog pancreatitis. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm obstructive pancreatic duct. Enzymes tsim nyob rau hauv lub caj pas thiab muaj peev xwm zom cov protein, rog thiab carbohydrates tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov hnyuv. Qhov no ua rau:
- enzymes pib zom cov kabmob nws tus kheej, qhov no yog nrog los ntawm qhov mob hnyav hauv plab;
- zaub mov tsis zom, qhov no ua rau cov quav chim thiab poob hnyav.
Pancreatitis yog kho nrog cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam kev tsim cov enzymes los ntawm lub caj pas. Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo hauv pancreatitis ntawm tus txiav yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum pib ntawm kev kho mob rau ob peb hnub, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau sau ntawvtag kev tshaib kev nqhis. Txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov rau tus mob pancreatic pancreatitis yog xaiv cov khoom noj thiab noj zaub mov uas tsis txhawb kev tsim cov enzymes los ntawm lub qog. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, sau ib feem ntawm cov zaub mov sov hauv ib qho me me. Cov tais diav yog xaiv thawj carbohydrate, nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv semi-kua. Tom qab ntawd, raws li qhov mob yooj yim, kev noj zaub mov nthuav dav, tsis suav nrog cov khoom noj rog. Nws paub tias tus txiav txiav, yog tias tag nrho cov lus pom zoo ua raws, tau rov qab ua tiav ib xyoos tom qab pib kho.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm daim siab thiab txiav txiav hauv lub cev muaj ntau yam. Ob lub cev no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev zom zaub mov, vim lawv muab kev zom cov protein, rog thiab carbohydrates ntawm cov zaub mov.
