Paraesophageal hernia: ua rau, tsos mob, kho, tiv thaiv

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Paraesophageal hernia: ua rau, tsos mob, kho, tiv thaiv
Paraesophageal hernia: ua rau, tsos mob, kho, tiv thaiv

Video: Paraesophageal hernia: ua rau, tsos mob, kho, tiv thaiv

Video: Paraesophageal hernia: ua rau, tsos mob, kho, tiv thaiv
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A paraesophageal hernia yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv anatomical rau hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav los ntawm diaphragm. Tus kab mob no hnyav heev thiab yuav tsum tau kho phais. Nws kuj yog qhov tsawg heev, tshwm sim hauv tsuas yog 0.5-1% ntawm tag nrho cov mob hernia.

Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob no? Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej? Thiab los ntawm cov tsos mob dab tsi koj tuaj yeem kawm txog nws txoj kev loj hlob? Cov lus nug no thiab ntau lwm cov lus nug tau teb rau hauv kab lus.

Nyob rau ntawm pathology

Qhov qis ntawm txoj hlab pas (cardia) nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Nws tiv thaiv kev nkag ntawm lub cev los ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav los ntawm qhov qhib diaphragmatic. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis zoo, lub zog tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog. Vim li no, lub cev nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav. Tau kawg, qhov tshwm sim pathological no nrog rau qhov kev xav hnyav thiab cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb (lawv yuav tau teev tseg hauv qab no).

Qee zaum phab ntsa tsis muaj zog hu uainsufficiency ntawm cardia. Qhov tshwm sim no yog nrog los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm lub siab hauv plab kab noj hniav, thiab nws qhov txo qis hauv siab.

Raws li txoj cai, lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kab mob no tau kuaj pom thaum kuaj los ntawm tus kws kho mob plab. Cov laus ntawm lub cev los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub cev, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm paraesophageal hernia ntau dua. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, cov kab mob ntev zuj zus tuaj, txhim kho, thiab qhov no ua rau cov kab mob hauv plab protrusion.

Raws li kev txheeb cais, cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 35 xyoos tau ntsib tus kab mob no hauv 40% ntawm cov neeg mob. Tom qab hnub nyoog 60 xyoo, qhov kev pheej hmoo nce mus rau 60%. Raws li txoj cai, paraesophageal hernia tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv cov poj niam. Qhov no yog vim lub anatomical nta ntawm lawv lub cev.

Hernia ntawm esophageal qhib ntawm lub diaphragm: cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
Hernia ntawm esophageal qhib ntawm lub diaphragm: cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Txhob Cia Siab

Hiatal hernia (ICD-10 code: K44) yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob ua pa ntev thiab mob plab siab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xwm txheej nag lossis daus tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov no suav nrog:

  • Cov kab mob uas muaj nrog cov kab mob sib txuas - hemorrhoids, ko taw tiaj, Marfan's syndrome thiab varicose leeg.
  • Kab mob ntawm plab hnyuv txuam nrog dysmotility: mob pancreatitis, dyskinesia, gastroduodenitis, ulcers.
  • Hernia ntawm cheeb tsam umbilical, kab dawb ntawm lub plab, femoral protrusion.
  • Tsis muaj zog ntawm ligamentous apparatus ntawm lub diaphragm ntawm qhov tau txais qhov xwm txheej.
  • Kev nce siab hauv siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntevcem quav, ntuav heev, mob plab lossis ua kom muaj zog ntxiv.
  • Re- cev xeeb tub.
  • Scarring and deformity of the esophagus.
  • Hormonal ntshawv siab.
  • Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hiatal hernia (ICD-10 code: K44) tuaj yeem pib txhim kho tsis yog ntawm qee qhov tshwj xeeb hauv lub neej - nws kuj tuaj yeem yog congenital.

Sliding hernia

Zoo li lwm yam kab mob, qhov no pathology muaj ntau hom kev tshwm sim. Ob, kom meej. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zawv zawg hernia thiab paraesophageal (tso) hernia yog tias nws tau kuaj pom tias muaj qhov protrusion los ntawm lub ntuj qhib ntawm cov kabmob uas nyob hauv qab lub diaphragm.

daim ntawv no ntawm pathology tsim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm ligaments ntawm cov leeg nqaij sib txuas thiab vim lawv txo qis elasticity.

Los ntawm etiological yam yog:

  • Npaj plab siab.
  • Impaired motility ntawm lub plab zom mov.
  • Qhov muaj cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ntev uas cuam tshuam rau daim siab, plab, kab mob ua pa.
  • Tsis muaj zog ntawm ligamentous apparatus thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas.

Hais txog qhov ua rau thiab cov tsos mob ntawm hiatal hernia (kev kho mob yuav tau tham tom qab), nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob plab, qhov pathology no yog 3rd qhov chaw, nws tshwm sim me ntsis tsawg dua ulcers thiab cholecystitis.

Diaphragmatic hernia: cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
Diaphragmatic hernia: cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Ntxig hernia(HML)

Nws muaj tsawg dua li daim ntawv hais saum toj no. Hauv qhov no, ib feem ntawm lub plab tsuas yog thawb tawm ntawm lub diaphragm, qhov twg nws tom qab ntawd. Qhov no pathology muaj kev pheej hmoo - ntshav ntws mus rau hauv lub cev yuav raug thaiv. Thiab qhov no yog fraught nrog kev puas tsuaj loj.

Cov kab mob feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm belching. Nws tshwm sim vim huab cua nkag mus rau hauv txoj hlab pas. Qee lub sij hawm nws nyob ntawd nrog rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog kua tsib. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub burp kis tus yam ntxwv tsw thiab saj.

Ntau zaus, cov neeg uas raug mob hernia tas li yws ntawm qhov mob hnyav hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub plawv. Qhov no tsis txhais hais tias lawv muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov xwm txheej no. Tsuas yog qhov mob lawv hnov tiag tiag mimics lub plawv mob.

HH degrees

Kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm hiatal hernia pab kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem loj thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Thaum ntxov, nws yog qhov ua tau heev uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev phais. Thiab muaj peb ntawm lawv:

  • Thawj. Lub teeb tshaj plaws. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov siab ntawm txoj hlab pas mus rau hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav. Qhov loj ntawm lub qhov txwv tsis pub lub plab mus txog rau sab saum toj, yog li nws nyob hauv qhov chaw.
  • Second. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav twb muaj tag nrho lub plab seem ntawm txoj hlab pas. Ib feem ntawm lub plab yog pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm qhov qhib ntawm lub diaphragm.
  • Thib peb. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias feem ntau ntawm lub plab (qee zaum txawm mus txog pylorus) nce mus rau hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav.
Hiatus hernia, ICD-10 code
Hiatus hernia, ICD-10 code

Signs of disease

Kev kawmua rau paraesophageal hernia, koj tuaj yeem xav txog cov tsos mob uas qhia tias nws muaj. Cov cim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws suav nrog:

  • Mob syndrome nyob hauv lub epigastrium. Nws tawg mus rau sab nraub qaum thiab thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub xub pwg hniav, kis raws txoj hlab pas.
  • mob ntau ntxiv tom qab kev tawm dag zog thiab noj mov. Ib yam yog pom nrog kev tshoov siab tob thiab plab hnyuv plab.
  • Kev tsis xis nyob hauv qhov mob retrosternal.
  • hiccups, hlawv caj pas, kub siab, txhaws qa thiab retching.
  • ntshav siab.
  • ntuav ntshav, cyanosis.
  • Kev hnoos hnyav heev, tshwj xeeb yog hmo ntuj. Tej zaum yuav muaj kev nqhis dej ntau ntxiv thiab nqhis.

Kev mob sib txawv

Cov kev xav tsis zoo uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob paraesophageal hernia tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv raws li cov cim hauv qab no:

  • Mob tshwm sim thaum lub cev tawm dag zog, tom qab noj zaub mov, nrog rau kev tsim roj ntau ntxiv thiab thaum nyob ntev hauv txoj haujlwm kab rov tav.
  • Tsis xis nyob ploj lossis txhim kho tom qab burping, ua pa tob, hloov txoj haujlwm lossis haus dej.
  • Nyob qhov mob ntawm khoov rau pem hauv ntej.
  • Qee lub sij hawm qhov tsis xis nyob yog girdle-zoo li, nco txog tus kab mob pancreatitis.

Mob tuaj yeem nrog kub siab, hiccups, tsis xis nyob ntawm tus nplaig (tej zaum txawm tias kub hnyiab), hoarseness, xeev siab, ntuav, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm kis tau gases thiab tso cov hnyuv.

Daim ntawv qhia rau hiatal hernia
Daim ntawv qhia rau hiatal hernia

Kev nyuaj siab

Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai paraesophageal hernia? Yog tias tsis kho, yuav muaj teeb meem. Namely:

  • plab hnyuv los ntshav los ntawm kev yaig ntawm lub plab ntawm txoj hlab pas, peptic ulcers.
  • Reflux esophagitis.
  • - Zoo kawg nkaus ntawm lub plab ntawm phab ntsa thiab raug kaw Helnia.
  • Anemia.

Tsawg feem ntau, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob paraesophageal hernia yog intussusception ntawm txoj hlab pas thiab retrograde prolapse ntawm mucosa. Cov teeb meem no raug txheeb xyuas thaum kuaj endoscopy thiab fluoroscopy.

Diagnosis

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tham txog nws qhov kev siv ua ntej sib tham txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho thiab kev kho mob. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob hiatal hernia yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab yog li ntawd, yog tias koj pom ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm cov npe yav dhau los, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob plab.

Tom qab kev soj ntsuam thiab tshuaj xyuas qhov muag, kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav:

  • X-ray nrog qhov sib txawv.
  • Manometer thiab endoscopy.
  • Tau suav suav.
  • Ultrasound ntawm plab.
  • Electrocardiography.

Lwm yam dej num yuav tsum tau ua. Txhua yam nyob ntawm tus neeg mob keeb kwm thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws lub cev.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zawv zawg hernia thiab paraesophageal hernia
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zawv zawg hernia thiab paraesophageal hernia

Txoj Cai Kho Mob

Qhov ua rau thiab cov tsos mob ntawm diaphragmatic hernia tau tham saum toj no. Kev kho mob kuj yuav tsum tau piav qhia. Nws pib nrog kev kho kom zoo. Nws yog tsom rau kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm gastroesophageal reflux.

Tab sis feem ntau, raws li kev kho mobCov cim qhia thiab cov txheej txheem pathogenetic, cov dej num ntawm kev kho tuaj yeem tsim raws li hauv qab no:

  • Txo cov khoom nruj ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo secreted los ntawm lub plab. Txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm hydrochloric acid hauv nws.
  • Txoj kev txwv thiab tiv thaiv kab mob gastroesophageal reflux.
  • Txo cov plab hnyuv thiab esophageal dyskinesia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws tshem tawm tag nrho.
  • Cov tshuaj hauv zos ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm cov kab mob o.
  • Txoj kev txwv thiab tiv thaiv kev raug mob ntawm lub plab prolapsing, nrog rau hauv lub nplhaib hernial ntawm txoj hlab pas plab ntu.

Qhia tshuaj

Txij li thaum peb tab tom tham txog kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm diaphragmatic hernia thiab kho tus kab mob no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum sau cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem pab daws tau. Lawv raug xaiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm tus kheej, tab sis, raws li txoj cai, cov kev kho hauv qab no tau raug sau tseg:

  • H2-histamine receptor blockers. Txo cov kua qaub tsawg.
  • Antacids. Lawv neutralize plab acid.
  • Proton twj tso kua mis inhibitors. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshem tawm cov kab mob acid-nyob ntawm lub plab.
  • Cov tshuaj sib xyaw: "Omez", "Pantoprazole", "Ranitidine", "Omeprazole", "Gastrozol". Lawv muab cov kev ua ntawm blockers thiab inhibitors.
  • Prokinetics. Lawv zoo cuam tshuam rau cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm txoj hlab pas thiab lub plab, optimize lawv motility, txo qhov mob thiab xeev siab. Cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws yog Trimebutin, Motilak, Itomed, Motilium, Ganaton thiab Metoclopramide.
  • Vitamins ntawm pab pawg B. Lawv yuav tsum tau noj,txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim cov ntaub so ntswg hauv plab.
Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai paraesophageal hernia
Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai paraesophageal hernia

Surgery

Kev phais yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los kho tus mob hernia. Thiab tib txoj hauv kev tiag tiag nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas kev kho mob tsis zoo.

Kev ua haujlwm yog ua tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws thiab ua tib zoo npaj. Kev cuam tshuam yog npaj, tab sis qee zaus muaj xwm txheej ceev vim los ntshav, perforation lossis ua txhaum cai.

Tsis ntev los no, Nissen fundoplication tau ua ntau zaus. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog los tsim ib lub cuff los ntawm ib feem ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub plab, uas yog tsau nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov nrog nthuav.

Lawv ua haujlwm hauv ob txoj hauv kev. Kev qhib qhov txiav tuaj yeem ua tau, lossis laparoscopy, uas suav nrog kev siv lub tshuab endoscope.

muaj contraindications. Ntawm lawv:

  • Kev mob hnyav zuj zus.
  • kab mob ntshav.
  • YDabetes mellitus (uncompensated).
  • kab mob sib kis.
  • Ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, mob ntsws.
  • Decompensated heart disease.
  • YOncological neoplasms.
  • Kev cev xeeb tub.
  • Kev phais plab plab.

Kev kho kom rov zoo siv sijhawm. Cov stitches raug tshem tawm tom qab ib lub lim tiam, tag nrho cov sij hawm no tus neeg yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab prokinetics (yog hais tias lub cev muaj zog tsis taus).

Paraesophageal hernia: qhov tshwm sim
Paraesophageal hernia: qhov tshwm sim

Kev noj haus

Tau kawgnrog ib tug hernia ntawm esophageal qhib ntawm lub diaphragm, tus neeg mob cov ntawv qhia zaub mov yuav tsum tau kho. Cov zaub mov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau qhia rau hauv kev noj haus:

  • Slimy cereal soups.
  • Cov khoom lag luam qhuav ua los ntawm cov hmoov nplej.
  • Yuav khoom noj.
  • pasta thiab porridge.
  • ntses thiab nqaij qis, steamed lossis ci / boiled.
  • Tsiaj thiab zaub roj.
  • Ntshiab zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kissels, zaub kua zaub, kissels.

Yuav tsum tso qab zib, txuj lom, txhua yam ntsev, ntsim, rog, ntsim. Noj zaub mov 5-6 zaug hauv ib hnub, tsis txhob pw rau 60 feeb tom qab noj mov. Noj hmo tsawg kawg 2-3 teev ua ntej pw. Ua ntej noj mov, nws raug nquahu kom haus 1 tbsp. l. txiv roj roj. Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb.

Thiab raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, nws raug nquahu kom haus ib decoction ntawm chamomile lossis tshuaj yej nrog calendula. Cov dej qab zib tau npaj nyob rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb txoj kev - 2-3 tbsp. l. tshuaj ntsuab yog poured nrog boiling dej. Ua ntej siv, lawv hais thiab lim.

Pom zoo: