hnoos yog ib qho mob khaub thuas uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khw muag tshuaj muag ntau yam tshuaj yam tsis muaj tshuaj uas tuaj yeem txo tus neeg mob tus mob. Cov tshuaj phlegm pab tiv nrog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm bronchitis, tracheitis, mob ntsws.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov no lossis cov tshuaj no nyob ntawm ntau tus nuances, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov hnoos yog qhov tshwm sim. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav sim ua nrog lawv. Txawm hais tias muaj cov tshuaj hnoos, ua ntej noj cov tshuaj, nws raug nquahu kom sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob, uas paub txhua yam ntawm tus kab mob uas tau tshwm sim.
Tshuaj hnoos
Ua ntej koj pib noj tshuaj phlegm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias hom hnoos koj tau ntsib.
Cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm ob hom ntawm nws - qhuav thiab ntub. Thaum xub thawj, uas nyob rau hauv cov lus kho mob yog hu ua ib tug unproductive hnoos, ib tug neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm tsis tu ncua systematic tawm tsam, nrog rau.mob caj pas tsis kaj siab. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj antitussive. Peb nthuav qhia cov npe ntawm lawv hauv qab no.
hnoos ntub (ua tau zoo hauv cov lus kho mob) pab txo qis phlegm. Yog hais tias nws yog excreted tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum pib noj cov tshuaj expectorant uas yuav ua rau kom nws ntau lawm. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog haus cov mucolytics, uas ua rau cov hnoos qeev, ua kom yooj yim rau kev tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsws.
Yog vim li cas
Ib qho hnoos ntub nrog cov phlegm ntau yog qhov qhia tseeb ntawm tus mob khaub thuas. Nws qhia tau hais tias cov pathology twb tau mus txog lub bronchi, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub lub alveoli nrog bronchioles. Hauv qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws, hnoos ntub tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws. Tus kab mob feem ntau pib nrog hnoos qhuav, uas hloov mus ua hnoos ntub hauv ob peb hnub thaum tus kab mob kis mus.
Hauv cov neeg laus, cov tsos mob no tshwm sim los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas, uas ua rau mob hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov hu ua "smoker's hnoos", uas tshwm sim vim kev noj cov tars txaus ntshai thiab lwm yam tshuaj rau hauv lub ntsws. Nws tuaj yeem pom hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau pib kho tus kab mob raws sij hawm, vim tias qhov ua rau qeeb thiab ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsis tau hauv lub bronchi.
Ntawm qhov ua rau hnoos hnoos tuaj yeem yog kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv.
Muaj Teeb Meem
Koj yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj rau cov hnoos qeev los ntawm kws kho mob, txwv tsis pub kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob ntsws tsis muaj kev kho mob yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Mucus tsim nyob rau hauv lub bronchi. Yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog nws cov paug tawm, qhov no dhau los ua qhov laj thawj rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm microbes. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kab mob flora koom nrog cov txheej txheem inflammatory, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob ua pa.
Kev txhim kho ntawm tus kab mob thib ob feem ntau suav tias yog qhov teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob tam sim no. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog pneumonia, purulent bronchitis. Cov no yog cov mob hnyav heev uas tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg tuag txawm tias peb lub sijhawm nrog kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub.
Cov tsos mob tsis ncaj qha tuaj yeem qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem. Ntawm lawv, kev tsis zoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, rov qab nthwv dej ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nce qhov ntim ntawm expectorated hnoos qeev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas nws tau txais ib tug daj-ntsuab xim av nrog ib tug yam ntxwv purulent.
Ntawm qhov hnoos qhuav
Kev kho kom zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub seb qhov hnoos ntub dej txaus ntshai yog dab tsi. Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, ib txwm ua hauj lwm ntawm ciliated epithelium, uas kab lub bronchi los ntawm sab hauv, yog cuam tshuam.
Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau ntxuav lub ntsej muag ntawm cov mucosa los ntawm qhov me tshaj plaws txawv teb chaws. Nrog o nyob rau hauv lub bronchi accumulatesmucus, nws stagnation pib. Yog li ntawd, viscous mucus yog tsim. Nws clots nyob rau hauv lub lumen ntawm lub bronchi ua rau lub hauv siab hnoos. Lub cev sim thawb lawv tawm ntawm txoj kev ua pa kom rov zoo li qub.
Nws hloov tawm tias hnoos qeev ua raws li cov khoom txawv teb chaws, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsws nrog kev pab ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab contractions. Thaum nws cov khoom ntim tau khov thiab tuab, nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los thawb nws tawm. hnoos qhuav. Tus neeg mob tus mob pib zoo tsuas yog tias cov hnoos qeev pib txav mus. Sai li qhov viscosity ntawm cov hnoos qeev txo qis, cov txheej txheem ntawm nws tshem tawm yuav yooj yim dua, thiab hnoos ua npuas thiab ntub dej. Nyob rau theem no ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom nyias cov hnoos qeev kom sai li sai tau txhawm rau txhawm rau pab txhawb nws tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsws. Raws li txoj cai, hnoos ntub ntub thaum sawv ntxov tom qab ib hmos pw tsaug zog, thiab thaum tus neeg mob lub cev hloov pauv.
kev kho mob nyuaj
Tshuaj rau phlegm yuav tsum tsis yog tib txoj kev kho mob rau tus kab mob. Yuav tsum muaj kev kho mob tag nrho. Kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov txheej txheem inflammatory yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau pib tawm tsam cov txheej txheem inflammatory nws tus kheej, txhawm rau txhawb kev tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev los ntawm lub bronchi, pab kom nyias nyias yog tias nws dhau los ua kua, tshem tawm spasms hauv bronchi thaum lawv tshwm sim..
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov tshuaj hnoos hnoos zoo tshaj plaws nrog phlegm. Cov no yog Ambroxol, Bromhexin, Libeksin,"Muk altin", "ACC". Xav txog txhua yam tshuaj kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Ambroxol
Ib qho tshuaj hnoos hnoos uas nrov tshaj plaws yog Ambroxol. Nws yog tus neeg sawv cev mucolytic uas tau siv dav thaum mob khaub thuas ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, nrog rau cov hnoos qeev.
Cov tshuaj no txhawb cov hnoos qeev tawm, kho mob ntsws thiab mob ntsws ntev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog rau feem ntau lwm yam tshuaj, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov kev kho no muaj kev nyab xeeb heev, yog li nws tau sau rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus.
"Ambroxol" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos nrog hnoos qeev yuav tsum tau noj tom qab noj mov nrog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua. Cov neeg laus raug qhia kom teem lub koob tshuaj ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib ntsiav tshuaj peb zaug hauv ib hnub. Hauv kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob, nws tuaj yeem nce ntxiv rau ob ntsiav tshuaj ob zaug ib hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm syrup thiab ib tug tov rau inhalation.
Cov ntsiav tshuaj rau phlegm hauv caj pas muaj contraindications uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Muaj tseeb, muaj tsawg heev ntawm lawv. Haus cov tshuaj no tsuas yog txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hypersensitivity rau cov tshuaj uas ua rau nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov no yog ambroxol hydrochloride (cov khoom nquag), lactose, silicon dioxide, qos yaj ywm starch, calcium stearate.
Cov tshuaj phlegm no yuav tsum tau siv ceev fajnoj thaum pub niam mis, hauv peb lub hlis thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm cev xeeb tub, lossis yog tias koj muaj lub siab lossis lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.
Bromhexine
Cov ntsiav tshuaj zoo los ntawm cov hnoos qeev tawm - "Bromhexine". Cov tshuaj no pab nrog hnoos (ntub) hnoos. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev muag tshuaj, nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj los yog ib tug sib tov (qhov kev xaiv tom kawg yog suav tias yog ntau dua rau cov me nyuam). Cov tshuaj no ua rau liquefaction ntawm cov hnoos qeev thiab cov txheej txheem expectorant. Raws li txoj cai, qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim tsib hnub tom qab pib tshuaj.
Bromhexine yog siv rau hnoos ntub, mob hnyav lossis mob bronchopulmonary kab mob, piv txwv li, emphysema, tracheobronchitis, cystic fibrosis, mob ntsws, mob ntsws asthma. Nov yog qee cov tshuaj phlegm noj.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias lawv tau txwv tsis pub siv rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thaum thawj peb lub hlis twg thiab cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua rau xyoo. Qee zaum, nws raug tso cai noj cov tshuaj no rau ib hlis tag nrho yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov tshuaj phlegm-thinning hnoos yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj heev rau cov menyuam yaus.
Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb: nce expectorant nyhuv, txoj kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob, yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm contraindications. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj los ntawm cov neeg mob plab rwj. Tsis tas li, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tshuaj uas suav nrog codeine.
Noj ib ntsiav tshuaj peb zaug ib hnubday.
Libexin
Yuav ua li cas lwm yam tshuaj los haus cov hnoos qeev? Cov kws kho mob feem ntau sau Libeksin rau cov neeg mob. Qhov no yog ib qho kev kho kom zoo, cov nyhuv uas txawv me ntsis ntawm cov mucolytics. Cov khoom xyaw ntawm "Libexin" suav nrog:
- Prenoxdiazine (cov khoom nquag).
- Povidone.
- YLactose monohydrate.
- Talc.
- YGlycerin.
- YMagnesium stearate.
- pob kws starch.
Cov tshuaj ua haujlwm zoo li codeine (nws yog ib qho tshuaj yeeb tshuaj alkaloid), tab sis tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab tsis muaj yees. Cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm ua kom me ntsis nthuav cov bronchi, uas txo qis cov hnoos qeev ntawm cov receptors, txo lawv cov khaus. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw hnoos nyob hauv medulla oblongata kuj txo qis. Yog li, "Libexin" tsis pab tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev, tab sis txo qis hnoos. Cov tshuaj no pab kho cov kab mob ua pa, tsis hais txog theem ntawm tus kab mob. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev thaiv hnoos, muab sijhawm rau tus neeg tsaug zog, pab tiv thaiv khaub thuas sai.
"Libeksin" yuav tsum tsis txhob noj ntev.
Cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos raug pom zoo kom noj ib ntsiav tshuaj (100 mg) peb mus rau plaub zaug ib hnub. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej hnyav heev, koob tshuaj yuav raug muab faib ua ob npaug, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos, cov tshuaj tau sau tseg ntawm koob tshuaj 25 txog 50 mg 3-4 zaug hauv ib hnub.
tshuaj no txwv tsis pub noj nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab phais, thaum tus neeg mob tau txais kev tso tshuaj loog, nrog rau ntau lub bronchial secretion.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim muaj xws li kev ua xua, caj pas qhuav lossis qhov ncauj, cem quav, mob plab, xeev siab. Qee zaum, qaug zog thiab mob me me tshwm sim.
Cov tshuaj no tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg mob uas muaj lactose intolerance, vim txhua ntsiav tshuaj muaj txog 0.38 mg ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Muk altin
Cov tshuaj hnoos hnoos nrog hnoos qeev - "Muk altin". Cov tshuaj yog ib tug compound ntawm polysaccharides raws li marshmallow, muaj ib tug expectorant khoom. Vim yog kev txhawb nqa reflex, cov haujlwm ntawm ciliated epithelium tau nce ntau.
Cov tshuaj hnoos hnoos tshem tawm no tau pom zoo rau cov kab mob ua pa ntev thiab mob ua pa, nrog rau cov hnoos qeev ntau, uas nyuaj rau kev tso tawm, hnyav heev. Cov kab mob xws li tracheitis, pneumonia, obstructive bronchitis, tracheobronchitis ntawm lub ntsws.
Cov tshuaj phlegm no yuav tsum tau noj los ntawm cov neeg laus, ob daim peb zaug hauv ib hnub ua ntej noj mov. Kev kho mob yog los ntawm ib mus rau ob lub lis piam, nyob ntawm seb tus neeg mob qhov mob hnyav npaum li cas. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 3 txog 12 xyoos raug pom zoo kom muab ib ntsiav tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem nqus tau zoo li lozenge lossis yaj hauv ib khob dej sov.
NrogContraindications rau cov tshuaj no qhia tau hais tias hypersensitivity rau tej yam khoom uas tsim cov tshuaj no, nrog rau peptic rwj ntawm duodenum thiab plab.
Qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas yog kev tsis haum tshuaj.
ACC
ntsiav tshuaj hnoos "ACC" yuav pab tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev. Hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj, koj tuaj yeem pom cov tshuaj no hauv granules, uas yog tsim los npaj cov tshuaj. Cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus kuj tsim cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm effervescent ntsiav tshuaj. Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau yaj (1 ntsiav tshuaj ib khob dej).
Cov ntsiav tshuaj hnoos zoo nrog phlegm muaj cov nyhuv expectorant thiab mucus thinning effect, thiab suav hais tias yog ib qho tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv hnoos ntub.
Cov tshuaj "ACC" muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob bronchopulmonary thiab nasopharynx, xws li bronchitis, mob ntsws, ntsws abscess, cystic fibrosis, tracheitis, sinusitis. Cov tshuaj phlegm-thinning hnoos no muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, pab kom cov hnoos qeev nyias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog purulent thiab mucopurulent, uas ntau lwm yam tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog.
"ACC" feem ntau muab rau menyuam yaus. Rau lawv, muaj cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm granules rau ua syrup nrog txiv kab ntxwv tsw.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias ACC yog contraindicated rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Thaum lub sij hawm lactation, nws yuav tsum tau noj nrog qhov siab tshaj plawsceev faj. Cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nrog txoj kev kho mob nyuaj nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, koj yuav tsum tau so tsawg kawg 2 teev ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj no thiab ACC.
Cov no yog tshuaj hnoos zoo heev. Ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb, ib tus yuav tsum tawm ib qho kev saj qab ntxiag, ntim cov tswv yim. Cov tshuaj no sai sai thiab zoo txo qhov hnoos thiab hnoos qeev, pab nrog ntau yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua pa.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg mob yuav tsum ceev faj txog kev txhim kho kev ua xua. ACC muaj ntau contraindications. Nws tsis tuaj yeem noj nrog cov npe dav dav ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob pathological. Cov no suav nrog:
- YHemoptysis.
- YUlcer ntawm duodenum thiab plab nyob rau theem mob.
- Kev cev xeeb tub.
- Pulmonary los ntshav.
- Ntaus rhiab heev rau acetylcysteine , nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj.
- Cov ntsiav tshuaj Effervescent yuav tsum tsis txhob muab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos, thiab cov granules - txog 6 xyoo.
Nrog ceev faj, "ACC" yuav tsum tau noj los ntawm cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim hemoptysis thiab pulmonary hemorrhage, nrog rau cov hlab ntsha varicose leeg, nrog rau cov kab mob ntawm cov qog adrenal, bronchial hawb pob, raum tsis ua haujlwm.
Cov neeg laus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog qis dua 14 xyoos yuav tsum noj ob ntsiav tshuaj effervescent lossis ob pob ntawv ntawm granules ob mus rau peb zaug ib hnub. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 txog 14 xyoos, nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob tshaj qhov koob tshuaj ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib ntsiav tshuaj effervescent peb zaug hauv ib hnub.hnub. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob mus rau tsib xyoos, cov koob tshuaj yog muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Thaum muab cov tshuaj no rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 14 xyoos, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tham txog qhov laj thawj ntawm kev xaiv cov tshuaj no nrog kws kho mob.
Thaum kuaj pom tias muaj cystic fibrosis thiab tag nrho lub cev hnyav txog 30 kg, xav txog kev nce koob tshuaj rau 800 mg acetylcysteine rau ib hnub. Qhov teeb meem no tseem xav tau kev sib koom tes nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
Peb saib cov tshuaj phlegm twg yuav noj.
