Tshuaj yog siv los kho ntau yam kab mob. Thiab kuj rau lawv tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cog qoob loo, cov zaub mov, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Potions, hmoov, ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj ntsiav tau sau tseg hauv ib koob tshuaj nruj me ntsis. Kab lus no yuav tsom mus rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Dab tsi yog tshuaj tua kab mob?
Keeb kwm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob pib nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm penicillin. Nws ntse tua cov kab mob. Raws li nws, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim los yog hluavtaws. Cov tshuaj no suav nrog hauv pab pawg "cov tshuaj tua kab mob". Cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tsis zoo li lwm tus, tua cov kab mob sai dua thiab ua tau zoo dua. Lawv yog siv los tiv thaiv ntau yam fungi, staphylococci, thiab lwm yam.
Antimicrobials yog pawg tshuaj loj tshaj plaws. Txawm tias muaj cov qauv tshuaj sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheemkev ua, lawv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej yam khoom tshwj xeeb. Ua kom puas "cov kab tsuag" hauv cov hlwb, tsis yog hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob poob qis thaum lub sij hawm thaum microbes pib tsim tus cwj pwm.
Yam tshuaj tua kab mob
Tshuaj tua kab mob muab faib ua peb pawg. Thawj yog ntuj (tshuaj ntsuab, zib ntab, thiab lwm yam).
Second - semi-synthetic. Lawv muab faib ua peb hom:
- Antiphylococcal penicillins (oxacillins). Lawv muaj tib yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li penicillin, tab sis nrog kev ua haujlwm tsawg. Muaj feem xyuam rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus.
- Cov tshuaj dav dav. Cov no suav nrog "Ampicillin", uas cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob gram-tsis zoo (salmonella, thiab lwm yam). Nws tsis tshua muaj zog tiv thaiv streptococci. Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qee yam kab mob (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thiab lwm yam). "Amoxicillin" kuj yog rau hom thib ob. Nws yog thawj cov tshuaj tua kab mob qhov ncauj thoob ntiaj teb. Ob qho tshuaj no tuaj yeem raug sau rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus.
- Tshuaj tua kab mob penicillins. Lawv muaj ob hom subspecies - carboxy- thiab ureidopenicillins.
Thib peb - hluavtaws antimicrobial agents. Nov yog ib pawg tshuaj uas muaj ntau.
YSulfanilamides. Cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg no raug sau tseg yog tias muaj kev tsis haum rau tshuaj tua kab mob lossis microflora tsis teb rau lawv. Los ntawm kev nqis tes ua, lawv muaj zog dua li kev npaj sulfonamide. Cov no suav nrog:
- "Streptocide".
- "Norsulfazol"
- Y "Sulfadimezin"
- Y"Urosulfan".
- "Ftalazol"
- "Sulfadimethoxine".
- "Bactrim".
Quinolone derivatives. Yeej, cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg no yog siv rau kev kis kab mob ntawm lub genitourinary system, enterocolitis, cholecystitis, thiab lwm yam. Tsis ntev los no, tshiab quinolone derivatives tau nce siv:
Y "Ciprofloxacin".
Cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab heev nrog ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm. Lawv tsis tshua muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob Gram-zoo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog muab rau cov kab mob ua pa thiab tso zis, kab mob plab.
Tsis tas li, pawg thib peb suav nrog cov khoom siv ntawm 8-hydroxyquinoline. Cov no suav nrog ntau lub tebchaw uas muaj tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob ("Nitroxoline", "Mexaform", thiab lwm yam). Derivatives ntawm "Nitrofuran" ("Furazolidone" thiab "Furacilin") thiab "Nitroimidazole" ("Tinidazole" thiab "Metronidazole")
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua haujlwm li cas?
Antimicrobial agents muaj ob hom (los ntawm cov nyhuv):
- "Cidal" (cov kab mob-, fungi-, viri- lossis protosia-). Hauv qhov no, tus neeg kis tus kabmob tuag.
- "Static" (nrog tib lub npe ua ntej). Hauv qhov no, kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob tsuas yog raug tshem tawm lossis nres.
Thaum kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo, cov tshuaj "cidic" raug sau tseg. Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau hloov ib ntus lossis siv nrog lwm yam tshuaj.
Antimicrobials tuaj yeem nqaim lossis dav dav. Feem ntau cov kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub "ntev" ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsis tsuas yog tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsim, tab sis kuj muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov txiaj ntsig microflora ntawm lub cev. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob tau sau tshuaj tua kab mob nrog rau "qis" spectrum ntawm kev ua.
Antimicrobials
Anti-inflammatory thiab antimicrobial agents muab faib ua peb pawg. Lub ntsiab yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv muab faib ua 11 yam tseem ceeb:
- YBeta-lactam. Lawv muaj peb pawg: A (penicillins), B (cephalosporins) thiab C (carbapenems). Cov no yog cov tshuaj broad-spectrum nrog cov nyhuv bacteriostatic. Thaiv cov protein ntawm microbes, tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv lawv.
- Tetracyclines. Bacteriostatic, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog inhibition ntawm protein synthesis ntawm microbes. Lawv yuav muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj pleev (Oletetrin, Tetracycline Hydrochloride) los yog capsules (Doxycycline).
- YMacrolides. Ua txhaum kev ncaj ncees ntawm daim nyias nyias los ntawm kev khi rau cov rog.
- Aminoglycosides. Lawv muaj cov kab mob bactericidal hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm protein synthesis.
- YFluoroquinolones. Muaj cov kab mob bactericidal, thaiv cov enzymeskab mob. Disrupt microbial DNA synthesis.
- Y Lincosamides. Bacteriostatics uas khi microbial membrane Cheebtsam.
- "Chloramphenicol". Lwm yam - "Levomitsetin". Nws yog tshuaj lom heev rau cov pob txha thiab cov ntshav. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsuas yog siv topically (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tshuaj pleev).
- "Polymyxin" (M thiab B). Lawv ua xaiv, nyob rau hauv gram-negative flora.
- Antituberculous. Lawv siv tsuas yog tiv thaiv mycobacteria, tab sis kuj tseem siv tau rau ntau yam. Tab sis tsuas yog cov kab mob ntsws tsuas yog kho nrog cov tshuaj no, vim lawv suav tias yog cia tseg (Rifampicin, Isoniazid).
- YSulfanilamides. Lawv muaj ntau yam kev phiv, yog li niaj hnub no lawv xyaum tsis siv.
- Nitrofurans. Bacteriostatics, tab sis nyob rau hauv high concentrations - bactericides. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau cov kab mob: plab hnyuv ("Furazolidone", "Nifuroxazid", "Enterofuril") thiab urinary tract ("Furamag", "Furadonin").
Pab pawg thib ob yog bacteriophages. Lawv raug sau rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev tswj hwm hauv zos lossis qhov ncauj (ntxuav, ntxuav, tshuaj pleev). Kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov pab pawg no kuj tseem siv tau rau cov neeg mob dysbacteriosis lossis kev tsis haum tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Pab pawg thib peb yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv siv rau kev tua kab mob (kev kho mob ntawm qhov txhab, kab noj hniav thiab daim tawv nqaij).
YBest Antimicrobial
"Sulfamethoxazole" yog qhov zoo tshaj plawsantimicrobial tus neeg sawv cev. Nws muaj qhov dav spectrum ntawm kev ua. Sulfamethoxazole yog nquag tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob. Nws thaiv cov metabolism ntawm cov kab mob thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Sulfamethoxazole yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xyaw ua ke. Nws yog tsim los kho:
- kab mob genitourinary (cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis, gonorrhea thiab lwm yam kab mob);
- mob ntsws thiab mob ntsws;
- kab mob ua pa;
- kab mob plab hnyuv (mob plab, kab mob cholera, paratyphoid, shigellosis, typhoid fever, cholecystitis, gastroenteritis, cholangitis);
- ENT;
- pneumonia;
- pob txuv;
- faces;
- furunculosis;
- mob kis;
- cov nqaij mos abscesses;
- otitis media;
- laryngitis;
- meningitis;
- malaria;
- brucellosis;
- sinusitis;
- brain abscess;
- osteomyelitis;
- septicemia;
- toxoplasmosis;
- South American blastomycosis;
- thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Kev siv "Sulfamethoxazole" yog qhov dav, tab sis tus kws kho mob kev sab laj yog tsim nyog, zoo li txhua yam tshuaj, nws muaj ntau yam contraindications thiab kev phiv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj nws cov concentration hauv cov ntshav plasma.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus
Ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov menyuam yaus raug xaiv kom zoo, nyob ntawm tus kab mob. Tsis yog txhua yam kev kho mobCov tshuaj tau pom zoo rau kev kho menyuam yaus.
Pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj ob hom tshuaj:
- Nitrofuran ("Furazolidone", "Furacilin", "Furadonin"). Lawv zoo suppress microbes (streptococci, staphylococci, thiab lwm yam) thiab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Siv los kho cov kab mob urinary thiab plab hnyuv. Zoo rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev fab tshuaj. Ib txhij nrog cov tshuaj, ascorbic thiab lwm yam acids raug sau.
- Oxyquinolines ("Intestopan", "Negram", "Enteroseptol", "Nitroxoline"). Cov tshuaj no rhuav tshem cov kab mob microbes, tshem tawm lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb (ua rau cov kab mob colitis, dysentery, typhoid, thiab lwm yam). Lawv siv rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hnyuv. "Nitroxoline" - rau cov kab mob urinary.
Ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tseem siv. Tab sis lawv txoj kev xaiv nyob ntawm tus kab mob ntawm tus menyuam. Feem ntau siv penicillin pab pawg. Piv txwv li, rau pharyngitis thiab lwm yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm streptococcus "A", penicillins "G" thiab "V" kuj siv.
Cov tshuaj ntuj raug muab tshuaj rau tus mob syphilis, meningococcus, listeriosis, neonatal kab mob (ua los ntawm streptococcus "B"). Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob raug sau rau tus kheej, suav nrog kev zam ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus
Hauv kev kho menyuam yaus, muaj 3 pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob:
- Anti-influenza ("Oxolin","Algirem"). "Remantadin" tsis cia tus kab mob mus rau hauv lub hlwb. Tab sis ib qho uas twb nyob hauv lub cev tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau noj nyob rau hauv thawj teev ntawm tus kab mob. Nws kuj yog siv los tiv thaiv kab mob encephalitis (tom qab zuam tom).
- Antiherpetic ("Zovirax", "Acyclovir").
- Broad spectrum ("Gamma globulin"). Dibazol txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis maj mam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas. "Interferon" yog ib yam khoom endogenous uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev. Nws activates lub antiviral protein. Yog li ntawd, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nce ntxiv. "Interferon" tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob sib kis thiab lawv cov teeb meem.
Antimicrobial thiab anti-inflammatory natural kho
ntsiav tshuaj, kev daws, hmoov tsis tas siv tam sim ntawd. Yog tias nws muaj peev xwm siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas qhov xwm txheej muab, ces qee zaum nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem muab tshuaj txhua. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab, infusions thiab decoctions tuaj yeem txo qhov mob. Cov npe:
- tshuaj raws li calamus, qus rosemary, alder, Pine buds;
- dej rho tawm ntawm ntoo qhib ntoo;
- infusions ntawm oregano;
- St. John's wort;
- hyssop officinalis;
- burnet officinalis;
- Nug Highlander;
- juniper txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- qej;
- sage nplooj.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem kho tus kheej nrog tshuaj tua kab mob?
Nws txwv tsis pub siv tshuaj tua kab mob rau tus kheej noj yam tsis muaj kws kho mob sau ntawv. Kev xaiv tsis raug ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj lossis kev nce hauv cov pejxeem ntawm microbes uas yuav tsis hnov qab txog cov tshuaj. Dysbacteriosis tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob ntev, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
