Cov tshuaj uas tau txais ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntshav nws tus kheej yog hu ua cov khoom ntshav. Cov feem uas tau txais cia kom nthuav dav thaj tsam ntawm hemotherapy, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - ua kom nws muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntshav thiab ntshav, uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov khoom siv ntshav tau muab faib ua peb pawg: kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, immunoglobulins (immunologically active) thiab hemostatic.
Npaj kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Plasma
Kev npaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj suav nrog ntshav ntshav thiab albumin. Lawv cov nyhuv yog muab ob qho tib si los tiv thaiv kev poob siab thiab hemodynamic ua. Fresh plasma khov ua tiav khaws tag nrho cov haujlwm, yog li nws siv tau zoo tshaj plaws. Muaj lwm hom ntshav plasma: qhuav (lyophilized) thiab kua (ib txwm). Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, lawv poob lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj, yog li lawv siv tsis zoo. Cov khov khov tshiab tau txais los ntawm plasmapheresis lossis tag nrho cov ntshav centrifugation, khov yog ua los ntawm lub sijhawm cov ntshav tau muab los ntawm tus neeg pub dawb hauv thawj 1-2 teev. Cov khoom siv ntshav khov tshiab tuaj yeem khaws cia txog li ib xyoos ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1 txog 25 degrees thiab qis dua. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tag nrho cov ntshav coagulation yam, fibrinolysis Cheebtsam, anticoagulants yog khaws cia.
Npaj rau kev hloov ntshav plasma
Cov khoom ntshav yog cov ntshav khov tshiab. Ua ntej koj pib txhaj tshuaj, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov tshuaj. Lub plasma yog thawed nyob rau hauv dej sov, qhov kub tsis tshaj 37-38 degrees. Lub hnab yas nrog biomaterial tuaj yeem kneaded los ntawm tes kom ceev cov txheej txheem. Cov plasma thawed yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib teev tom ntej raws li cov lus qhia. Tom qab kev npaj, fibrin flakes yuav tshwm sim hauv nws, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov txheej txheem yas uas tau nruab nrog cov ntxaij lim dej.
Plasma yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov pauv yog tias pom muaj cov hlab ntsha loj hauv nws, qhov tseem ceeb turbidity yog pov thawj tias cov tshuaj tsis zoo. Tsis txhob rov khov thiab thaw cov ntshav khov tshiab.
Ib tug tib neeg cov khoom siv ntshav yuav tsum tsis txhob kis los ntawm tib lub hnab mus rau ntau tus neeg mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, plasma yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej tom qab lub hnab yas tau depressurized. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob yog rhiab heev rau parenteral protein tswj, nws yog contraindicatedHloov cov ntshav khov tshiab. Cov tshuaj lom neeg raug coj mus kuaj kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, ib yam li hauv cov ntshav tag nrho.
Kev hloov pauv
Cov ntshav khov tshiab uas hloov mus rau tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm tus neeg uas muaj hom ntshav tib yam li tus neeg mob, raws li AB0 system. Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, yog tias tsis muaj ib pab pawg plasma, cov kev sib txuas hauv qab no tau tso cai:
- Plasma: pawg A(II) - neeg mob: ntshav hom 0(I)
- Plasma: pawg B(III) - tus neeg mob: ntshav hom 0(I)
- Plasma: pawg AB(IV) - neeg mob: hom ntshav twg.
Tsis muaj kev sib tw pab pawg. Cov khoom siv ntshav (plasma hloov pauv) tau qhia rau:
- thrombotic hemorrhagic syndromes,
- kab mob kub hnyiab,
- cov txheej txheem purulent-septic,
- hemorrhagic diathesis: suav nrog hemophilia hom A thiab B,
- nrawm compression syndromes,
- nrog cov ntshav poob loj heev (tshaj 25%), plasma tau ua ke nrog cov qe ntshav liab thaum hloov pauv.
Cov ntshav khov tshiab kuj tseem siv los kho cov neeg mob uas muaj cov hlab ntsha rov qab, feem ntau tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev siv streptokinase lossis lwm yam tshuaj fibrinolytic.
Albumin
cov tshuaj ntshav xws li albumin muaj nyob rau hauv 5%, 10% thiab 20% kev daws teeb meem. Cov protein kuj tseem siv nrog rau kev ua kom huv albumin, thaum muaj alpha thiab beta globulins. Cov tshuaj albumin tom qab qhia cov stabilizers rau hauv nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus pasteurization. TABSISnws pab inactivation ntawm HIV thiab kab mob siab kab mob siab. Albumin yog siv rau ntau hom kev poob siab - phais, mob, hlawv. Nws yog siv rau edema, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv cov protein muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntshav, nrog ib tug loj poob ntawm albumin nyob rau hauv lub siab (ascites, cirrhosis, burns). Albumin hauv cov tshuaj concentrated yog siv thaum tsim nyog los txwv cov kua dej nkag rau hauv lub cev (rau lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, cerebral edema).
5% concentration ntawm cov khoom siv ntshav (albumin) yog siv rau ntshav poob thaum normalization ntawm ntshav siab. Thaum qhia albumin nrog cov ntshav poob tseem ceeb, nws yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm erythrocyte pawg. Hauv kev xyaum menyuam yaus, albumin feem ntau yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 10% tshuaj.
Immunoglobulin
tshuaj ntshav - immunoglobulins - ua ib pawg loj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv nquag ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv kev xyaum kho mob, gamma globulin feem ntau yog siv. Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb muaj cov txiaj ntsig kho mob siab, lawv tau qhia tawm tsam tetanus, zuam-borne encephalitis, mob npaws thiab lwm yam kab mob sib kis.
Ib tug rhiab heev immunoglobulin yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm thrombocytopenic idiopathic purpura. Cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg no yog muab tshuaj intramuscularly. Purified immunoglobulins, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov protein tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab tsis mus txog rau theemcleavage los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg proteases.
tshuaj hemostatic rau cov kab mob ntshav
tshuaj hemostatic yog fibrinogen, prothrombized complex, cryoprecipitate. Cov yav tas muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm antihemophilic globulin (lwm yam - VIII coagulation factor) thiab von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen thiab fibrin-stabilizing factor XIII, thiab lwm yam protein impurities. Cov kev kho ntshav no muaj nyob rau hauv hnab yas, qhuav los yog fwj fwj. Siv rau kab mob von Willebrand, hemophilia A thiab lwm yam los ntshav.
Cov khoom siv ntshav dab tsi yog siv rau cov kab mob hemorrhagic hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab, hemophilia B, overdose ntawm anticoagulants? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug prothrombized complex (CSF los yog PPSB) yog siv. Yog tias tsis muaj, cov plasma tshiab tau muab tshuaj.
Fibrinogen muaj qhov txwv, nws tsuas yog siv los ntshav los ntawm fibrinogen deficiency. Hauv cov neeg mob hypofibrinogenemia, uas yog vim thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, cov protein tsis muaj xim yog hloov nrog cov ntshav khov tshiab. Purified fibrinogen tsis sib npaug nrog ntuj coagulants thiab tuaj yeem coagulate hauv cov hlab ntsha, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum thiab lub ntsws tsis ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov lus hais, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv plasma.
Tshuaj siv cov tshuaj hemostatic
Yog li, cov khoom siv ntshav tau tswj hwm feem ntauintravenously, txawm hais tias muaj ib pab pawg neeg ntawm hemostatic cov neeg sawv cev uas tau thov topically - kom tsis txhob los ntshav sab nraud uas yuav tshwm sim thaum phais. Cov tshuaj no muaj xws li hemostatic sponge, fibrin film, thrombin, antiseptic biological swab, thiab lwm yam. Thrombin muaj qhov ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws ua rau tsim cov hlab ntsha uas thrombose lub lumen ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov chaw los ntshav. Kev siv cov tshuaj hemostatic rau hemostasis yog qhov zoo heev yog tias muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev parenchymal.
Fibrin daim txhuam cev thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab vim lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis yog siv los nres los ntshav xwb. Raws li cov khoom siv yas, lawv tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev kho mob trophic ulcers thiab kub hnyiab. Hauv kev phais mob neurosurgery, cov yeeb yaj kiab fibrin tau zoo siv los hloov qhov tsis txaus ntawm dura mater.
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj saum toj no, muaj cov uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov no suav nrog biostimulator "Polybiolin" thiab "Erigem".
kab mob vascular
Pathological tej yam kev mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm poob ntawm yooj, thaum lawv ua nkig los yog compacted vim lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm toxins nyob rau hauv lawv. Cov kab mob hauv qab no tshwm sim: migraine, atherosclerosis, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob stroke, vegetative-vascular dystonia. Txhua lub hnub nyoog, nrog kev poob ntawm elasticity ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab lawv cov blockage, tus neeg mob tau ntsib cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev nco thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws;
- pw tsis tsaug zog;
- kev nyuaj siab kev loj hlob, deterioration nyob rau hauv morale;
- mob nkees;
- frequent kiv kiv.
Tsis tas li, kev raug mob qaum thiab ncauj tsev menyuam osteochondrosis tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Hauv qhov no, cov hlab ntsha vertebral, uas pub rau lub hlwb, yuav raug puas tsuaj. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nrhiav thiab tshem tawm qhov ua rau, uas yog, kho tus txha nraub qaum, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog cov hlab ntsha: cov tshuaj tsuas yog txo cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob ib ntus.
Kev npaj rau cov hlab ntsha
Tshuaj kho cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub plawv thiab lub hlwb sib txawv, txhua yam nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua. Txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej spectrum ntawm lub hom phiaj. Cov pab pawg nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj yog cov tshuaj los txhim kho cerebral ncig, vasodilation. Cov tshuaj no muab faib ua peb pawg:
- myotropic (kho cov leeg du) - qhov no yog "Dibazol", "Eufillin";
- neurotropic (tshuaj rau cov paj hlwb) - qhov no yog "Reserpine", "Validol";
- nitrates (ua ke ntawm ob lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua) - qhov no yog Nitrosorbitol, Nitroglycerin.
Nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, ob peb pab pawg ntxiv yog qhov txawv:
- Calcium blockers. Calcium ions, uas ua rau cov hlab ntsha tawg, tawv thiab ua rau constriction. Yeej, cov tshuaj no los txhim kho lub paj hlwb. Hauv kab mob plawv, lawv siv tsis tau. Calcium blockers tau muab faib ua peb tiam. Thawj yog raws li peb lub ntsiab (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem). Cov tiam thib ob suav nrog cov tshuaj "Klentiazem", "Tiapamil", "Nimodipine". Thiab qhov thib peb yog sawv cev los ntawm "Amlodipine", "Norvask". Qhov zoo ntawm qhov tom kawg yog tias lawv muaj kev phiv tsawg dua, ua rau xaiv thiab ua kom ntev.
- Cov tshuaj raws li cog. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm contraindications thiab phiv. Tshem tawm spasms. Txhim kho cov ntshav khiav.
- Kev npaj muaj nicotinic acid pab txo cov roj cholesterol, txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov quav hniav. Ineffective in relation to cov hlab ntsha loj, cuam tshuam me me capillaries. Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau noj tsuas yog raws li kws kho mob tau sau tseg hauv kev kho mob nyuaj, vim tias lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub siab (nicotinic acid, Enduratin).
- tshuaj mob plawv. Cov tshuaj zoo li no txhim kho cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm lub hlwb thiab tib lub sijhawm normalize cov haujlwm ntawm lub plawv coronary hlab ntsha. Ua los ntawm lily ntawm lub hav, foxglove, adonis ("Amrinon", "Cardiovalen", "Adonizide").
Lwm cov tshuaj ntshav
Cov tshuaj ntshav qab zib yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho tshuaj raws li ib feem ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm uas tau ua hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov ntshav qabzib ib txwm muaj nrog kev noj zaub mov kom raug thiab tawm dag zog.
Kev txom nyemCov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tau yuam kom noj cov tshuaj uas kws kho mob tau sau tseg kom txo cov ntshav qab zib. Tus kws kho mob piav qhia meej txog cov kev kho mob thiab kev noj tshuaj kom raug. Cov tshuaj Antidiabetic muab faib ua peb pawg:
- Tshuaj uas ua kom tsim cov tshuaj insulin los ntawm lub txiav.
- Cov tshuaj uas ua kom cov tshuaj insulin rhiab heev.
- Tshuaj uas txo qhov nqus ntawm carbohydrates.
Cov tshuaj nrov tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj ntawm thawj pab pawg, uas ua rau cov tshuaj insulin ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov txiav, uas ua rau txo qis hauv cov ntshav qab zib. Cov no suav nrog "Amarin", "Maninil", "Novonorm", "Diabeton". Cov tshuaj no tsuas yog muab los ntawm kws kho mob xwb. Txhua lub cev sib txawv thiab tib neeg hnov txawv txawv. Qee tus tsis hnov qhov kev kho mob, cov ntshav qab zib tseem nyob ntawm tib theem. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas cov kev kho mob thiab sau lwm cov tshuaj lossis hloov ntau npaum li cas.
Iron npaj rau ntshav. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj hlau nyob hauv cov ntshav, qhov xav tau ntawm hemoglobin tsis tuaj yeem tsim, thiab qhov no cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thauj cov pa oxygen los ntawm lub ntsws mus rau tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Oxygen starvation teev nyob rau hauv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yog anemia. Cov tshuaj kho ntshav niaj hnub siv los kho ntshav ntshav muaj cov hlau tsim nyog, uas tuaj yeem rov tsim cov ntshav ib txwm muaj. Nrog noj movNws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ua tau xws li ib tug ceev cov nyhuv. Cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov hlau ntau tshaj qhov ua tau ntawm kev nqus ntawm ferrum txhua hnub los ntawm lub cev los ntawm 20 zaug. Yog li kev sim ua kom cov hlau ntxiv rau hauv qhov mob hnyav tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig yuav tsis muab cov txiaj ntsig xav tau. Xav tau tshuaj tshwj xeeb.
1. Txhais tau hais tias muaj ferrous hlau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sulfate ntsev uas muaj cov vitamins uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nqus thiab nqus ntawm cov khoom xav tau. Cov tshuaj nrov tshaj plaws:
- ntsiav tshuaj "Tardiferron", "Sorbifer durules";
- capsules "Ferrofolgamma", "Ferretab", "Fenyuls";
- rau menyuam yaus tshuaj ntsiav, kua qab zib, te "Aktiferrin";
- sib xyaw ua ke hauv kev daws ntawm cov hlau gluconate, manganese thiab zinc - "Totem";
- Dragee "Hemofer";
- paub zoo noj qab haus huv "Hematogen".
2. Cov tshuaj uas muaj ferric hlau. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj no yog kev siv hlau hauv daim ntawv ntawm polym altose hydroxide:
- tablets "Ferrum Lek", "M altofer", "Biofer";
- syrup, tov, te "Fenuls", "M altofer", "Ferlatum";
- Kev daws rau kev tswj hwm intramuscular "Ferrum Lek", "M altofer", "Argeferr", "Venofer", "Cosmofer"
Kev txhaj tshuaj yog siv yog tias tus neeg mob muaj kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, qhov txhab ntawm cov hlab ntsha me, nrog rau kev txhaj tshuajqhia txog kev poob ntshav loj. Nrog rau txoj kev tso dej ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj, kev tshwm sim ntawm thrombophlebitis yog ua tau.
