Nrog kev pab ntawm ob lub qhov muag, ib tug neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub, tau txais ib tug impressive npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ntau lub hlwb mob siab rau pom dua li hnov, saj, kov thiab hnov tsw ua ke.
Qhov kev pom pom tuaj yeem sau tau raws li hauv qab no: lub teeb nkag mus rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab tsom mus rau retina tom qab lub qhov muag. Lub retina converts lub teeb teeb liab mus rau hauv hluav taws xob impulses. Cov paj hlwb tom qab ntawd nqa cov impulses mus rau lub hlwb, qhov twg cov cim tau ua tiav.
Koom tes ntawm qhov muag
Lwm cov qauv xws li daim tawv muag, cov plaub muag thiab cov kua muag kua muag kuj tseem ceeb. Cov plaub muag tiv thaiv peb lub qhov muag kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav hauv lawv, yog tias tib lub sijhawm peb yuav tsum pom dab tsi tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig peb. Ntawd yog, yog tias koj hla txoj kev thiab cua nrog cov plua plav tawm hauv koj lub ntsej muag, koj ob lub qhov muag tau cia li npog, cilia yog intertwined, tsim ib lub network uas pob tshab, tab sis impenetrable rau plua plav. Cov tawv muag tiv thaiv cov khoom loj los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag thiab tseem moisturize lub cornea. Cov kua muag kua muag ua haujlwm zoo li lub twj tso kua mis. Lawv coj cov kua muag los ntxuav lub qhov muag, thiab cov khoom me me tuaj nrog lub kua muag, lossis rov qab mus rau hauv cov kua muag, tom qab ntawd lawv kujraug coj tawm.
qauv ntawm qhov muag
Lub qhov muag yog ib qho khoom nruab nrog, ib feem ntawm qhov pom kev tsom xam uas muab lub zeem muag, uas yog, tus txheej txheem ntawm kev pom cov duab, qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab xim ntawm cov khoom. Thiab tseem nws muab peb cov kev taw qhia ntawm tag nrho cov khoom no. Lub qhov muag tsom xam nws tus kheej suav nrog lub qhov muag, lub paj hlwb, qhov chaw subcortical ntawm lub hlwb thiab qhov pom kev ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex.
Kev txav ntawm lub qhov muag pub dawb yog muab los ntawm oculomotor cov leeg sab nraud, qhov tseeb thiab kev sib koom ua haujlwm uas tso cai rau peb pom lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig peb.
Lub qhov muag raws li qhov kho qhov muag
Lub qhov muag yog qhov ua haujlwm kho qhov muag. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub cornea, lens, retina thiab vitreous lub cev, uas ua rau lub qhov muag, zoo ib yam li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub lens converging. Cov cuab yeej ntawm lub lens hloov nws cov convexity tso cai rau lub qhov muag kom pom tseeb ob qho tib si nyob deb thiab ze cov khoom. Lub retina ua haujlwm ntawm lub vijtsam, uas yog, nws pom lub teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau qhov pom tseeb yog qhov xav tau rau daim duab kom tau txais ntawm retina. Farsightedness yog ib tug feature ntawm lub qhov muag, muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov dluab ntawm cov khoom nyob deb yog tsom qab lub retina. Nws raug kho los ntawm kev hnav tsom iav nrog lub lens convex. Lub lens ntawm lub qhov muag myopic tsom lub teeb rays ze rau ntawm retina. Myopia raug kho los ntawm kev hnav tsom iav nrog concave lo ntsiab muag.
Cov qauv refractive tshaj plaws ntawm lub qhov muag yog pob kws. Ib daim duab meej, txo qis thiab upside-down tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom tshwm ntawm retina.
Kev tshuaj xyuas zaum kawg thiabKev xaav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm lub qhov muag tshwm sim twb nyob rau hauv peb lub hlwb, nyob rau hauv lub cortex ntawm nws occipital lobes. Kev ua txhaum ntawm tus mob los yog cov ntshav muab los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub qhov muag tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tsis pom kev zoo.
Impaired normal tsis pom kev
Raws li ib feem ntawm lub cev, teeb meem tsis pom kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj mob, raug mob lossis hnub nyoog. Cov hauv qab no tsuas yog qee qhov xwm txheej uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov muag.
- Amblyopia feem ntau pib thaum yau. Ib lub qhov muag tsis loj hlob zoo vim qhov muag muaj zog dua dominates.
- Astigmatism. Lub cornea los yog lo ntsiab muag tsis zoo nkhaus, yog li lub teeb tsis pom zoo rau ntawm retina.
- Cataract yog huab ntawm lub lens. Ua rau qhov muag tsis pom kev thiab, yog tias tsis kho, qhov muag tsis pom.
- Ximblindness tshwm sim thaum lub khob hliav qab lossis tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Cov neeg dig muag xim muaj teeb meem sib txawv xim.
- Conjunctivitis yog ib hom kab mob ntawm cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag.
- Retinal detachment yog ib qho mob uas retina tsis muaj zog thiab xav tau kev kho mob sai.
- Diplopia, lossis ob lub zeem muag, tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam mob uas feem ntau hnyav thiab yuav tsum tau kuaj los ntawm kws kho mob sai li sai tau.
- Floating me ntsis yog qhov chaw uas ntws hla tus neeg lub zeem muag. Lawv yog cov ib txwm muaj, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua ib qho cim ntawm qee yam loj dua, xws li kev sib cais.retina.
- Glaucoma. Kev kub siab ua rau hauv lub qhov muag thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub paj hlwb puas, thaum kawg ua rau tsis pom kev.
- myopia, txwv tsis pub myopia. Nrog kev ntxhov siab li no, nws nyuaj rau pom tej yam uas nyob deb.
- Hyperopia. Nrog nws, tus neeg paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom nyob deb, tab sis ntsib teeb meem thaum lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem tsom mus rau cov khoom nyob ze.
- kho qhov muag neuritis.
- Squint. Qhov muag taw tes nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia; Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav ua tib zoo saib ntawm myopia (zes pom).
Kev pom kev pom kev
Txij thaum me nyuam yaus, thaum peb nyob ntawm lub sijhawm teem nrog tus kws kho qhov muag, peb tau raug coj mus rau qhov feem pua ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov pom ntawm qhov pom:
- 100% - zoo heev,
- 90-75% - zoo,
- 74-60% - txaus siab,
- tsawg tshaj 60% yog phem.
Kev txhais lus no nkag siab ntau dua rau cov neeg mob, tab sis tsis nqa cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb rau cov kws tshaj lij. Niaj hnub no, qhov sib txawv, qhov ntsuas ntxiv tau tsim, qhia txog lub zog ntawm diopters, uas yuav tsum tau kho qhov tseeb.
Conventionally, cov cim qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ophthalmic tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb pawg:
- 1 - zoo heev;
- 1, 5-2 - zoo;
- 2-4 txaus siab;
- 4-7 - phem;
- ntau tshaj 7 yog phem heev.
Qhov ntsuas ntsuas tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kabmob. Yog ibteem sij hawm nrog tus kws kho qhov muag, lawv yuav qhia koj seb qhov chaw twg yog qhov tsim nyog rau koj - "+" lossis "-", thiab, raws li, lawv yuav sau cov kev kho kom raug. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas yog qhov muag tsis pom kev 8. Puas muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, nws yuav tsum kho thiab yuav ua li cas? Yog tias hauv koj daim npav kho mob lawv sau tias: “Lub Zeem Muag 8”, kuv yuav ua li cas? Hauv cov lus yooj yim thiab nkag siab ntau dua, tus neeg mob tsis pom muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab 10 meters, tab sis paub meej txog qhov tshwm sim ncaj qha ntawm caj npab ntev. Saib ntawm cov pawg saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias tus neeg mob muaj teeb meem loj heev thiab nws yooj yim ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev phais, kev kho tshuaj mus ntev thiab kev pab kho mob tas li.
Kev kuaj mob Myopia
Cia peb tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej, yog qhov pom kev yog 8: qhov kev kuaj mob no txhais li cas. Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias 8 (+8) qhia pom muaj cov tsos mob pom tseeb ntawm myopia. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem muaj ntau haiv neeg: kev raug mob ntawm lub taub hau, mob plawv, endocrine system tsis ua hauj lwm, genetic predisposition, ua hauj lwm nrog kev mob siab rau ntawm lub zeem muag ntawm cov ntawv me me, cov ntsiab lus, tsis tu ncua raug los ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus gadget, thiab lwm yam. Txij li thaum 8 diopters yog tus nqi, uas poob rau hauv qeb thib peb ntawm myopia (siab myopia), tom qab ntawd kho tus kab mob nrog cov txheej txheem ib txwm tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Vision 8: Ib tug pom li cas?
Nrog lub zeem muag no, tib neeg kev ua haujlwm tau txwv tsis pub dhau. Yog tias koj tsis siv tsom iav thiab lo ntsiab muag, koj tuaj yeem ntsib qhov tsis xis nyob hauvlub neej txhua hnub.
Ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg uas muaj lub zeem muag pom nws nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm lub ntsej muag, lawv yuav tsis paub lawv cov txheeb ze. Cov paib txoj kev yog indistinguishable, uas yuav ua tau rau lub neej. Cov ntawv sau, txhua yam cim, tus lej hauv tsev, cov npe ntawm txoj kev - txhua yam uas muaj cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov lej, yog nyob rau hauv txoj cai indistinguishable rau qhov muag tsis pom kev. Lawv yog stratified, superimposed rau ib leeg, thiab ib tug neeg tsis yog tsuas yog nyeem tsis tau, rau nws cov ntawv tag nrho yog qhov muag plooj fused homogeneous qhov chaw. Nws paub tias nyob rau nruab hnub zoo peb pom zoo dua thaum tsaus ntuj.
Thiab ib tug neeg pom qhov pom kev rho tawm 8 hmo ntuj li cas? Txawm hais tias nws suab zoo li cas, tab sis tsis muaj kev pab cuam uas ua rau pom kev pom, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis tawm mus. Tej zaum koj yuav tsis pom txawm tias cov khoom loj, vim tias tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lawv cov contours sib koom ua ke. Ib tug neeg zoo li no tuaj yeem tsoo rau lwm tus neeg taug kev, tsis pom tus neeg caij tsheb kauj vab, ntog ib yam dab tsi rau hauv av, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, lub cev nyhav kuj deteriorates. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm, nrog rau cov neeg uas nws txoj haujlwm muaj feem xyuam nrog kev sau ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias koj tsis hnav tsom iav lossis lo ntsiab muag, txhawm rau pom qhov koj sau lossis nyeem tau zoo dua, koj tsis tu ncua khoov, stoop, thiab tag nrho cov no yuav mob ntev.
Yog li ntawd, yog qhov pom kev rho tawm 8, tus neeg pom li cas, yuav ua li cas thiab yuav ua li cas?
Txoj kev kho mob myopia ntawm 3rd degree
Nrog rau qib 3 ntawm myopia, tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum sib ntaus ib yam li thawj zaug. Ib txhiaunscrupulous ophthalmologists hais tias qhov xwm ntawm tus kab mob yog tib yam thiab nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los ua kom lub zog ntawm cov kev kho mob. Tab sis nws tsis yog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog pom zoo kom mus rau kev phais laser.
Cov tawv muag tau kho rau tus neeg mob kom lub sijhawm ua haujlwm lawv tsis thaiv kev nkag mus rau cov qauv tseem ceeb, cov tshuaj loog hauv zos tau poob rau hauv lub qhov muag. Tom qab ntawd, nrog rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, tus neeg hlau (vim qhov xav tau ntawm no yog qhov xav tau) txiav cov pob txha. Tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom tshem lub pob txha nrog ib rab koob tshwj xeeb, tab sis tsis rhuav tshem nws, dries cov kua uas tseem nyob hauv lub pob txha. Tag nrho cov manipulations yog ua nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub laser beam ua ncaj qha rau ntawm lub lens, hloov nws curvature. Thaum tag nrho cov kev ua nrog lub laser tiav lawm, ib tug tshwj xeeb saline tov yog poured rau hauv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cornea dua, lub cornea rov qab mus rau nws qhov chaw.
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tag nrho, tus neeg mob paub meej, qhov no tseem ceeb heev. Tom qab tag nrho, yuav tsum muaj chav kho mob rov qab los, uas suav nrog kev txwv lub sijhawm nyeem ntawv, tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog lub cev, ua haujlwm puas siab ntsws, thiab lwm yam. Lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem kav ntev li ob peb hnub mus rau ib lub lis piam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov qub (100%), lossis xoom, qhov pom kev rov qab los rau tus neeg.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev kho laser yog contraindicated rau ntau tus neeg, vim tias hom kev ua haujlwm no muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau tag nrho lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov hlab plawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis raug sau tseg rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 18 xyoo, cov poj niam uas tsis tau yug los,cev xeeb tub. Tom qab ntawd koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo rau lwm hom kev phais uas yuav pab tau tib yam. Raws li kev coj txawv txawv li nws yuav zoo li, tab sis qhov muag gymnastics thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb revitalizing massage tuaj yeem yog koj tus cawm seej hauv kev daws qhov teeb meem no. Gymnastics tuaj yeem ua tiav ob qho tib si nrog tus kws tshaj lij thiab qib qis hauv tsev. Undoubtedly, txoj kev ntawm kev tshem tawm tus kab mob no yuav ntev dua thiab yuav tsum tau siv zog tas li, tab sis qhov ntse yuav nce nyob rau hauv ob peb lub lis piam.
tsom iav 8
Cov iav tuaj yeem sau tau txawm tias yog rho tawm 1. Ces qhov twg ntawm lawv raug sau rau qhov tsis pom kev? Cov iav sib txawv hauv qhov tuab. Qhov phem koj lub zeem muag, lub lens tuab yuav tsum nyob hauv lawv.
Cov kev xaiv zoo rau qhov pom ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov ze muaj xws li qhov ntsuas siab siab nrog cov txheej tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, xav txog photochromic lo ntsiab muag los tiv thaiv koj ob lub qhov muag los ntawm ultraviolet thiab high-zog xiav lub teeb thiab txo qhov xav tau rau ib nkawm looj tsom iav dub thaum sab nraum zoov. Yog tias koj pom qhov ze, thawj tus lej ("sphere") ntawm koj lub iav qhov muag lossis qhov muag qhov muag yuav raug muab ua ntej los ntawm tus lej cim (-). Tus lej siab dua, koj qhov myopic ntau dua.
Lens yuav tsum tau txiav txim, tom qab kws kho mob sau tawm lub sijhawm teem tseg. Tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum xav tsis thoob thiab hnav tsom iav tsis haum rau koj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hnav tsis zoo, lub zeem muag yuav tsis zoo xwb, tab sis kuj yuav poob qis dua. Kuj ua taumob taub hau tsis tu ncua, tsis muaj zog thiab kev poob qis hauv kev puas hlwb. Kev pom tsis zoo hauv tus menyuam hnub nyoog 8 xyoo tuaj yeem raug kho. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov txo qis ntawm qhov muag, nws raug nquahu kom siv sijhawm ntau sab nraum zoov thiab koom nrog koj tus kheej thiab menyuam yaus hauv kev ua si sab nraum zoov.
Cov kev dag no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, qhov twg ib tug neeg xyaum tsis txav nws ob lub qhov muag vim kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua si hauv computer, smartphone thiab lwm yam, yuav pab ua kom lub qhov muag cov leeg zoo thiab tiv thaiv qhov muag pom. los ntawm kev poob qis ntawm 0 mus rau 8. Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj qhov muag tsis pom kev thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoos, ces tam sim ntawd mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab nws yuav sau ntawv kho kom raug, yog tias ua tau, vim tias thaum yau koj tuaj yeem kho qhov tsis xav tau ua txhaum cai sai dua thiab ua tau zoo dua li ntawd. tus neeg no twb noj qab nyob zoo los ntawm neeg laus.
Hnub nyoog rov qab
Nrog hnub nyoog, lub qhov muag hloov nws cov qauv, thiab ntau dua 90% ntawm cov neeg tau pom deb ntawm hnub nyoog 40-50. Tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias koj muaj myopia thiab tsis pom kev 8? Muaj lub caij nyoog me me uas koj lub zeem muag yuav maj mam txhim kho, txij li kev pom kev deb yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis pom kev ze. Kev pom kev pom kev zoo yuav zoo li 100%, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, xws li kev hloov pauv hnub nyoog yuav tsis txaus yog tias koj muaj qib siab ntawm myopia.
