Thoracic duct: yam ntxwv

Cov txheej txheem:

Thoracic duct: yam ntxwv
Thoracic duct: yam ntxwv

Video: Thoracic duct: yam ntxwv

Video: Thoracic duct: yam ntxwv
Video: Txooj lis qhia txog kev kho mob,yuav kho li cas thiaj kho tau tus mob qhov ncauj zoo 14/10/2020 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lub thoracic duct ntawm lymphatic system yog nws cov hlab ntsha loj. Nws tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau txoj hauv kev. Cia peb xav txog qhov nthuav dav ntawm lub thoracic duct yog dab tsi.

lub cev thoracic
lub cev thoracic

Anatomy

Peb daim nyias nyias muaj qhov txawv ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub nkoj: endothelial, muscular-fibrous thiab sab nraud. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug muaj 7-9 loj semilunar li qub. Lub cev nqaij daim nyias nyias muaj sphincter ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Lub adventitial (sab nrauv) adheres rau lub pleura, aorta thiab qaum. Txij thaum pib, lub plab, thoracic, thiab ncauj tsev menyuam yog cais nyob rau hauv lub duct. Cov tom kawg yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug arc, thiab thawj ob yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ntev, zoo-zoo li lub nkoj uas nrog lub descending aorta. Lub plab zom mov dhau los ntawm aortic fissure nyob rau hauv lub diaphragm mus rau hauv lub hauv siab kab noj hniav. Ntawm no lub thoracic duct khiav raws sab laug sab laug dav hlau ntawm qis vertebrae tom qab descending aorta. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws deviates ze rau ntawm txoj hlab pas. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 2nd-3rd thoracic vertebrae, cov ducts tawm hauv qab ntawm txoj hlab pas (nws sab laug ntug). Tom qab ntawd, tom qab cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha subclavian, nws nce mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws aperture. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub nkoj mus ncig los ntawm saum toj thiab qab sab laug ntawm lub pleura. Ntawm no, tsim ib qho arc, lub thoracic duct ntws mus rau hauv lub venous lub kaum sab xis los yog cov ceg uas tsim nws - brachiocephalic, subclavian, sab hauv jugular. Ntawm noib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib lub nkoj lub semilunar valve thiab ib tug sphincter yog tsim. Lub thoracic duct yog 1-1.5 cm ntev, nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus 3-4 cm.

thoracic duct ntawm lymphatic system
thoracic duct ntawm lymphatic system

Kev

Thoracic duct forms:

  1. Fusion ntawm plab hnyuv, lumbar lossis ob lub cev ntawm ob sab.
  2. Kev tsim cov kua dej los ntawm cov ceg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub thoracic duct zoo li ib tug ampullar, cone-puab dilation.
  3. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm plab hnyuv thiab lub plab lumbar.

Cov kab mob thoracic kuj tuaj yeem tsim los ua cov keeb kwm reticulate nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug loj looped plexus ntawm celiac, lumbar, mesenteric ceg thiab efferent hlab ntsha.

Specific structure

Variability feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv topography thiab qauv. Tshwj xeeb, nws tau sau tseg:

  1. Doubling lub thoracic cheeb tsam los yog tsim ntawm ntxiv (ib los yog ntau tshaj) ducts.
  2. Ntau txoj kev xaiv rau kev cuam tshuam nrog pleura, aorta, caj dab sib sib zog nqus, txoj hlab pas.
  3. Kev sib haum xeeb hauv lub venous (jugular) lub kaum sab xis, brachiocephalic, subclavian leeg nrog ob peb lossis ib lub pob tw.
  4. Tsim cov ampoule pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov chaw nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
  5. Cov ceg ntoo tuaj yeem ntws mus rau hauv lub kaum sab xis lossis cov hlab ntsha uas ua rau lawv tus kheej.
  6. thoracic duct txoj cai lymphatic duct
    thoracic duct txoj cai lymphatic duct

YThoracic duct: txoj cai lymphatic duct

Lub caij no tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau txoj hauv kev:

  1. Fusion ntawm cov subclavian, jugular, broncho-mediastinal trunks. Qhov twgib qho luv thiab dav thoracic duct yog tsim. Qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim hauv 18-20% ntawm tus neeg mob.
  2. Txoj kab ncaj nraim yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua ke. Cov pob tw uas tsim nws qhib ncaj qha rau hauv lub jugular lub kaum sab xis los yog nws cov hlab ntsha. Qhov xwm txheej no tau pom nyob hauv 80-82% ntawm tus neeg mob.
  3. Tseem muaj kev faib tawm ntawm ib qho luv luv, dav txoj kab ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv kaum rau 2-3 lossis ntau dua. Daim ntawv qhib no hu ua network-like.

Nkauj

Muaj 3 leeg:

  1. Jugular trunk. Nws yog tsim los ntawm efferent cervical hlab ntsha. Lawv tawm ntawm qhov sib sib zog nqus thiab lateral nodes. Lub cev no nrog cov leeg jugular leeg mus rau lub kaum sab xis. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, nws ntws mus rau hauv nws los yog cov hlab ntsha uas tsim nws, los yog koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm txoj cai duct.
  2. Subclavian lub cev. Nws tshwm sim yog vim fusion ntawm cov hlab ntsha efferent los ntawm cov axillary nodes. Lub cev hla mus ze ntawm cov hlab ntsha subclavian, muaj sphincter thiab li qub. Nws qhib rau hauv lub venous lub kaum sab xis thiab cov hlab ntsha uas tsim nws, los yog mus rau hauv txoj cai duct.
  3. Bronchomediastinal cev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm efferent hlab ntsha los ntawm bronchopulmonary, tracheal, mediastinal nodes. Nyob rau hauv lub cev no muaj valves. Nws qhib rau hauv txoj cai duct, los yog venous jugular lub kaum sab xis, los yog mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas tsim nws. Cov tom kawg suav nrog brachiocephalic, subclavian, jugular veins.
  4. thoracic duct anatomy
    thoracic duct anatomy

Cov hlab ntsha sab laug qhib rau hauv lub thoracic duct. Los ntawm sab sauv tracheobronchial thiab mediastinal nodes, lawv tuaj yeem ntws mus rau hauv lub venous lub kaum sab xis. ATNyob rau hauv lub lymphatic trunks, raws li nyob rau hauv lub duct, muaj peb daim nyias nyias: adventitial, muscular-elastic thiab endothelial.

Cov hlab ntsws thiab cov leeg

Cov kab mob capillaries tsim ob lub network. Ib tug - superficial - yog nyob rau hauv lub visceral pleura. Qhov thib ob - tob - yog tsim nyob ze ntawm lub ntsws lobules thiab alveoli, nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ceg ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov ntoo bronchial. Lub network nto yog sawv cev los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm nqaim thiab dav capillaries. Nws yog ib txheej. Cov capillaries tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm plexus thiab kis thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw hauv visceral pleura. Lub vev xaib sib sib zog nqus yog peb-dimensional. Nws lub ntsiab yog lub lobular plexus. Lawv xa lymph nyob rau hauv 2 txoj kev. Nws nkag mus rau hauv lub plexus ntawm cov hlab ntsha pulmonary thiab bronchi, nrog rau lub pleural network. Cov ceg afferent yog tsim nyob rau theem ntawm ntu, hla mus rau hauv lub rooj vag thiab sib koom. Lawv tawm hauv lub ntsws nrog rau cov leeg thiab qhib rau hauv cov kab mob hauv qab no:

  1. Bronchopulmonary. Lawv muab faib ua intraorganic thiab extraorganic. Lub qub yog nyob rau ntawm lub lobar thiab segmental bronchi, tom kawg ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntsws.
  2. Tracheobronchial qaum thiab qis. Lawv pw saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm lub tracheal bifurcation.
  3. thoracic duct nkag mus
    thoracic duct nkag mus

Cov hlab ntsha ntws mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha nruab nrab thiab tracheobronchial nodes. Ntawm cov no, lawv qhib rau hauv lub cev bronchomediastinal. Muaj tsawg zaus, cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem ntws mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev thiab lub kaum sab xis venous.

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