Mammography - Qhov kev kuaj no yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas mammogram ua?

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Mammography - Qhov kev kuaj no yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas mammogram ua?
Mammography - Qhov kev kuaj no yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas mammogram ua?

Video: Mammography - Qhov kev kuaj no yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas mammogram ua?

Video: Mammography - Qhov kev kuaj no yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas mammogram ua?
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Anonim

Mammography yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov qog mammary uas siv lub mammograph (X-ray tshuab). Cov txheej txheem no yog txoj kev kuaj mis ntau tshaj plaws. Nws cov ntaub ntawv cov ntsiab lus yog ntau tshaj 90%. Mammography tso cai rau koj mus kuaj mob cancer ntawm lub mis thaum ntxov. Kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm tus kab mob yuav pab kom tshem tau tag nrho lossis txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological.

Qhov kev xeem zoo nyob ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, kev tsim nyog ntawm tus kws ntsuas hluav taws xob. Daim duab qhia meej meej cov qauv ntawm cov qog mammary - cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov qog, cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha. Thaum pom foci txawv txav, lawv qhov loj, qhov chaw, cov duab, thiab cov qauv raug kaw.

Dab tsi yog qhov qhia rau tus txheej txheem? X-ray puas tsim kev puas tsuaj? Yuav ua li cas mammogram yuav tsum tau ua ntau zaus? Cov lus nug zoo li no muaj kev txaus siab rau cov poj niam uas txhawj xeeb txog lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

mammography yog
mammography yog

YDab tsi yog mammography

Mammography yog kev kuaj xoo hluav taws xob tsawg. Cov txheej txheem yog ib txoj hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov qog mammary. Nws feem ntau raug muab tshuaj los kuaj xyuas cov kab mob ntawm lub mis.

Mammography - yog dab tsi? Ib daim duabtxheej txheem yog pov thawj tias qhov no yog ib txoj kev uas tsis yog-invasive ntawm kev soj ntsuam. Ntawd yog, thaum nws siv, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm tib neeg lub cev nrog kev pab ntawm koob lossis lwm yam cuab yeej kho mob.

Mammography tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov qog nqaij hlav, qhov ntev lossis lwm yam kev hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov qog mammary hauv tus poj niam.

leej twg xav tau mammogram

Kev kuaj ntshav ib xyoos tso cai rau koj kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob qhia tsis tu ncua mus rau qhov kev kuaj mob no. Cov txheej txheem no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov poj niam hnub nyoog tshaj 40 xyoo. Thaum lub hnub nyoog no, kev hloov pauv hormonal pib, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txawv txav hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov qog mammary. Nco ntsoov mus dhau tus txheej txheem yog:

  • muaj tawm ntawm lub txiv mis;
  • puag ntsaws ruaj ruaj, mob hauv siab;
  • deformation ntawm lub mis los yog txiv mis tau tshwm sim.

Mammography yog txheej txheem kuaj mob uas tsim nyog los ntsuas tus neeg mob tus mob. Tom qab 35 xyoos, nws txoj kev yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua tus poj niam. Nws yog qhov txaus los ua cov txheej txheem ib zaug txhua 2 xyoos txhawm rau kuaj pom neoplasms. Tom qab hnub nyoog 50 xyoo, mammograms tau ua txhua xyoo.

Yog muaj caj ces (muaj mob plab hauv tsev neeg), koj yuav tsum tau kuaj mammogram txij hnub nyoog 30.

Yog tias pom cov qog nqaij hlav, ces cov txheej txheem yuav tsum ua ib hlis ib zaug. Nws yuav tso cai rau koj taug qab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm formations.

Hnub twg mammogram ua tiav?
Hnub twg mammogram ua tiav?

txheej txheem qhia dab tsi?

Tshaj Mammographybenign thiab malignant neoplasms tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas. Cov txheej txheem tso cai rau koj los txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov qog mammary, lawv qhov loj thiab qhov ntau.

- Cyst. Cov kab noj hniav nrog cov kua dej no yog ib txwm tshwm sim hauv cov qog mammary. Nws tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav. Tab sis mammography, hmoov tsis, tsis pub kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lub cyst los ntawm cov qog malignant - xav tau kev kuaj ntxiv.

- Fibroadenoma. Cov qog zoo li cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob. Feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov poj niam hluas. Tsis mob qog noj ntshav.

- Calcifications. Muaj ntau me me ntawm calcium ntsev hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem yog thawj lub cim ntawm thawj theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov loj ntawm qhov tsim yog feem ntau tsis txuam nrog mob qog noj ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj calcifications nyob rau hauv lub caj pas mammary tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj cov txheej txheem oncological.

Txawm tias muaj lub foob ntawm ib sab xwb, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ob lub qog mammary tau ua tiav. Qhov no yog ua tiav rau cov duab sib piv thiab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov hloov pauv ntawm lwm lub mis. Yog tias koj muaj cov duab ntawm cov txheej txheem yav dhau los, koj yuav tsum qhia rau tus kws kho hluav taws xob.

digital mammography
digital mammography

Contraindications rau cov txheej txheem

Lub mis mammography yog x-ray nrog me me ntawm hluav taws xob. Yog li, cov kws kho mob tsis pom zoo nws:

  • poj niam cev xeeb tub;
  • niam laus.

Yuav ua li cas npaj rau mammogram

Ua ntej tus txheej txheem, cov poj niam ntxhov siab feem ntau nug: Puas mammogram mob lossis tsis? Kuv yuav xav li cas? Mammography - txheej txheemtsis mob kiag li. Nws kav li 10-30 feeb. Ua ntej tus txheej txheem, tus kws kho mob yuav qhia cov neeg mob hnub twg mammogram ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev kuaj mob sai, hnub ntawm lub voj voog tsis tseem ceeb.

Qee tus poj niam yuav tsis xis nyob thaum kuaj yog tias lawv mob hauv siab. Yog li ntawd, raws li kev pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob, lawv yuav raug muab tshuaj kho mob.

Jewellery yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev suav hnub twg mammography ua tiav. Feem ntau qhov no yog 6-12 hnub txij thaum pib lub voj voog.

Yog tias koj muaj lub mis cog, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob. Nyob rau hnub ntawm tus txheej txheem, koj tsis tuaj yeem siv deodorant, cream. Lub caj npab thiab lub hauv siab yuav tsum huv si kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntawm zaj duab xis.

Yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm

Cov neeg mob ua ntej txoj kev xav tau: Puas yog mammography yog ultrasound? Kev kuaj mob mus li cas? Ob txoj hauv kev tsis tas yuav muaj kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov poj niam. Kev kuaj X-ray txawv ntawm ultrasound.

Ultrasound tso cai rau koj taug qab cov ntaub so ntswg mos. Thiab qhov pom ntawm qhov ntom ntom yog zoo dua kuaj pom ntawm mammography. Yog li ntawd, yog tias tus neeg mob tus mob ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb, ces ob qho tib si kev ntsuam xyuas raug sau tseg.

X-rays dhau los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, kho cov duab ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb. Mammography yog ib txoj kev kho mob sab nraud. Tus kws ntsuas hluav taws xob tso tus neeg mob lub mis rau ntawm lub platform thiab kho nws. Ob peb daim duab raug coj los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab thiablateral), thaum tus neeg mob hloov txoj hauj lwm.

Rau daim duab meej, tus poj niam yuav tsum khov thiab tuav nws ua pa. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li fluorography. Tab sis, tsis zoo li nws, tus kws kho hluav taws xob thaij duab ntawm txhua lub mis nyias nyias. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem, lub mis yog me ntsis compressed los ntawm lub cuab yeej. Vim li cas qhov no ua tiav?

  • Txawm tias qhov tuab thiab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub hauv siab.
  • kom tau daim duab kom meej.
  • Yuav faib cov ntaub so ntswg kom pom qhov pom kev thiab tsim tau.
  • Txog kom txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob - cov txheej txheej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg me dua, qhov koob tshuaj tsawg dua nws xav tau kom pom tag nrho cov duab.

Tom qab tau txais cov duab, tus kws kho hluav taws xob soj ntsuam lawv thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv rau tus kws kho mob tuaj koom. Qee zaum, cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub mammogram yog tuav tes. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau ntawv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntxiv kom paub meej cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kuaj mob.

mammography mob
mammography mob

Type of mammograms

Muaj 2 hom x-ray mammography raws li txoj kev tshawb fawb:

Ntxhais hmoob movie.

  • Digital.
  • Zaj duab xis mammography (los ntawm Greek mamma - "niam" thiab grapho - "kos") tau siv txij li 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Daim duab hauv txoj kev no yog kaw rau hauv zaj duab xis.

    Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, digital mammography tau txais kev nyiam tshaj plaws. Nws tso cai rau koj los ua txoj kev tshawb fawb ntxaws ntxiv ntawm cov qog mammary ntawm tus poj niam, txo cov hluav taws xob hauv lub cev.

    Los ntawm qhov chaw, muaj 2hom mammography:

    1. Prophylactic (xam los ntawm tus kws kho mob thaum tus neeg mob mus txog ib lub hnub nyoog).
    2. Kev kuaj mob (tso yog tias xav tias muaj neoplasm).

    Ntawm ntawm cov tshuaj mammography

    Hauv cov duab digital thiab zaj duab xis mammography, kom pom cov duab zoo dua, lub mis yog clamped ntawm ob daim hlau. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nyob rau hauv 20% ntawm cov neeg mob, kev tshuaj ntsuam yeeb yaj kiab tsis qhia pom muaj mob qog noj ntshav.

    Digital mammography yog lwm qhov teeb meem. Nws yog dab tsi, peb twb tham lawm. Thiab nws qhov txiaj ntsig yog dab tsi? Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm kev soj ntsuam, X-ray zaj duab xis yog hloov los ntawm detectors (zoo ib yam li lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov koob yees duab digital). Lawv hloov X-rays rau hauv hluav taws xob impulses. Cov teeb liab zoo li no tuaj yeem luam tawm, khaws cia hauv lub computer, ua cov ntawv luam.

    Digital mammography yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau:

    • tus neeg mob lub mis ntom ntom;
    • poj niam qis dua 50;
    • tus neeg mob ua ntej cev xeeb tub (los yog thaum cev xeeb tub tsawg dua 1 xyoos).

    Raws li cov poj niam tom qab lub cev tsis muaj zog (lossis tom qab 50 xyoo), lawv tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas txhua txoj hauv kev: ob qho tib si zaj duab xis thiab cov txheej txheem digital yuav zoo sib npaug. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias lub mis ntom ntom zuj zus nrog lub hnub nyoog, uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov duab zoo hauv ob qho tib si.

    mammography nrog tomosynthesis
    mammography nrog tomosynthesis

    Yuav ua li cas puas tsim nyog?

    Qee tus neeg mob, vim lawv tsis muaj peev xwm, thov tias mammography yog qhov teeb meem. Allegedly, cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob yog siab, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los uaultrasound. Cov kws kho mob paub tseeb tias yog cov qauv ntawm kev kuaj X-ray raug pom, kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsawg.

    Ua ntej, muaj cov kev cai rau X-ray txheej txheem thoob plaws xyoo.

    Thib ob, koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kis tau tsawg dhau (tsawg dua, los ntawm txoj kev, dua li nrog fluorography).

    kuaj ultrasound thiab xoo hluav taws xob ntxiv ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob feem ntau sau ob txoj kev kuaj mob.

    Pros of mammography

    Kev kuaj pom qhov txawv txav hauv cov qog mammary. Mammography tso cai rau koj kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav pab kom kov yeej mob cancer. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kho mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov.

    mammography yog ultrasound
    mammography yog ultrasound

    YCons of mammography

    Nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab ntau txoj hauv kev kuaj lub mis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim, ntxiv mammography thiab ultrasound yog muab. Cov txiaj ntsig tau txheeb xyuas dua feem ntau yog qhov qub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov poj niam hnub nyoog qis dua 30 xyoo, cov txheej txheem yuav tsis ua hauj lwm zoo (lub mis ceev ua rau nws nyuaj rau qualitatively kawm).

    Txoj kev kuaj mis ntxiv

    Mammography nrog tomosynthesis yog daim duab peb sab ntawm lub mis hauv daim ntawv nyias (1 hli) ntu. Nov yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab uas tsis tau txais kev sim tshuaj txaus.

    MRI yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua uas tsis siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Tab sis nws tsis muaj peev xwm tso tau qee qhovanomalies.

    Optical mammography yog ib txoj hauv kev siv qhov projection thiab tomography. Rau hom kev kuaj mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis muaj feem xyuam. Optical fluorescent mammography suav nrog kev qhia txog phosphors rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no pab kom pom kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog.

    Ultrasound yog ib qho kev kuaj ultrasound uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov duab meej ntawm ntau lub kaum ntse ntse. Nws yog siv thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation, vim nws tsis muaj teeb meem tsawg dua li X-ray txoj kev.

    Kev kuaj ntshav yog kuaj cov ntaub so ntswg rau kev kuaj ntxiv. Nws yog txoj kev no uas tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj mob qog noj ntshav.

    Dab tsi yog digital mammography
    Dab tsi yog digital mammography

    Vim li cas thiaj xav tau?

    Mammography yog siv los kuaj xyuas cov kev hloov hauv cov qog mammary. Kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg yuav tsis ua mob rau tus neeg mob. Qhov tsis xis nyob me ntsis thaum tus txheej txheem ua rau nws zoo rau kev kuaj pom mob qog noj ntshav sai.

    Thaum kawg, cia peb teev cov yam tsis zoo uas ua rau muaj kev mob qog noj ntshav thaum ntxov:

    • abbortion;
    • lub sijhawm ntxov (ua ntej 11);
    • hloov pauv hormonal (noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj, kab mob thyroid, rog dhau lossis rog);
    • lig menopause (tom qab 55);
    • thawj hnub yug thaum ntxov (tom qab 30 xyoo);
    • kab mob gynecological;
    • genetic predisposition;
    • kev nyuaj siab tsis tu ncua.

    kuaj pom ntxovyuav tso cai kho cov qog nqaij hlav kom tiav lossis ua tiav kev phais nrog kev puas tsuaj tsawg (piv txwv li, tshem tawm tsuas yog cov qog, ua yam tsis muaj tshuaj khomob). Kev kuaj xyuas tas li yuav pab tswj kev noj qab haus huv tau ntau xyoo.

    Pom zoo: