Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav xav txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm basophils, uas yog hom leukocytes uas pab tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv lub luag haujlwm yog txheeb xyuas thiab rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav thaum ntxov. Lub cev dawb kuj pab kho qhov txiav thiab qhov txhab thiab tiv thaiv kev tsis haum tshuaj.
Qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm basophils, eosinophils thiab neutrophils.
Basophiles: yog dab tsi?
Tib neeg lub cev tsim cov qe ntshav dawb sib txawv. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog tswj kev noj qab haus huv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob fungal, kab mob cab, kab mob thiab kab mob. Basophils yog ib hom ntawm cov dawb lub cev (lawv ua li 0.5% ntawm tag nrho). Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha, tab sis qee zaum tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv me me nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev.
Kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm basophil metabolism yuav raug txiav txim siab ntxiv.
tshuaj tsis haum
Qib qis ntawm cov hlwb no qhia tias muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj loj. nce basophils hauv cov ntshav, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws,tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tej yam mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov metabolism hauv basophils nyob rau hauv cov ntshav peripheral yog tias, tom qab tawm hauv cov pob txha pob txha, lawv ncig rau ob peb teev, ces tsiv mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas lawv ua haujlwm thiab nyob rau 8-12 hnub.
Basic zog ntawm basophils
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob ua rau tib neeg lub cev. Cov hlwb no pab kho qhov txiav thiab qhov txhab, tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm lymphocytes. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kho, lub cev dawb raug puas tsuaj, khaus khaus, khaus tshwm sim, cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov txhab yuav o. Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Ntxiv nrog rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, basophils kuj muaj cov ntxiv:
- Lawv muaj heparin, ib yam khoom uas ua rau cov ntshav thins thiab tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws.
- Tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom thiab co toxins.
- Tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm anaphylactic shock thiab kev tsis haum tshuaj. Yog tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob raug cuam tshuam ntau dhau ntawm antigens, ces histamine raug tso tawm los ntawm cov hlwb dawb. Lawv kuj pab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb (tus neeg sawv cev) hu ua immunoglobulin. Qhov no txo qhov khaus.
- tua kab mob xws li zuam.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov haujlwm ntawm basophils yog qhov tshwj xeeb.
Eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes thiab monocytes
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm basophils los ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes tsuas yog 0.5%. Ntxiv nrog rau lub cev no, hom hauv qab no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntshav:
- Neutrophils. Cov pawg loj tshaj plaws ntawm leukocytes uas tawm tsammob hnyav heev.
- Lymphocytes. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab mob (pathogens).
- Eosinophils. Lawv pab tua kab mob parasitic. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm basophils thiab eosinophils ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev.
- Monocytes tua kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha, antigens, pab kho cov ntaub so ntswg puas, thiab rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm basophils hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
YTissue basophils
Cov ntaub so ntswg basophils (mastocytes, mast cells, mast cells) muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj subcutaneous thiab hauv txhua txheej ntawm lub dermis. Muaj kev xav tias cov ntaub so ntswg cov tub ntxhais hluas basophils tau tsim nyob rau hauv papillary txheej (lawv cov thawj coj tau raug ntiab tawm ntawm no los ntawm qhov chaw microscopic ntawm lub vascular txaj), thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum lawv loj tuaj, lawv txav mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous thiab dermis hauv qab no, thaum. nce loj.
Rau cov ntaub so ntswg basophils, cov ntshav qia cell dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tom qab uas yog tib yam rau lawv thiab rau basophilic leukocytes hauv cov ntshav. Qhov concentration ntawm mast hlwb nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv ntau hom tsiaj txhu txawv thiab yog inversely proportional rau tus naj npawb ntawm basophilic granulocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Cov ntaub so ntswg basophils feem ntau nyob hauv perivascularly. Tsis ntev los no, cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim tias cov hlwb no tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov epidermis tsis zoo.
Lawv qhov kev nkag mus rau hauv cov epidermis loj yog pom nrog daim tawv nqaijmastocytomas. Mast hlwb muaj ib tug meej polymorphism, uas yog manifested los ntawm lub degree ntawm sau nrog cytoplasmic granules, ntau yam cell duab (los ntawm puag ncig mus rau angular thiab elongated), thiab lawv loj. Cells muaj ib tug me me oval los yog rounded, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, hyperchromic nucleus. Lawv qhov txawv yog qhov muaj cov cytoplasmic granules, uas nws loj yog los ntawm 0.3 mus rau 1 micron. Fanulae, thaum stained nrog tej yam dyes, muaj peev xwm qhia metachromasia.
Lub cytoplasm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg basophils suav nrog organelles: ob hom endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complex, microfilaments, ribosomes, thiab qee zaum centrioles. Lawv nyob ze ntawm lub nucleus, qhov degree ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog txiav txim los ntawm cellular maturity. Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, lawv yog maximally tsim, nyob rau hauv cov laus hlwb lawv yuav luag tsis pom vim lub concentration ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm granules. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg basophils yog dab tsi?
Mast cells
Lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb mast yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj nyob hauv granules. Lawv tswj microvascular tone thiab permeability, tus nqi ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, tswj lub colloidal lub xeev ntawm lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Mast cells ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov qib metabolic hauv daim tawv nqaij. Ib txhij nrog fibroblasts, mast hlwb koom nrog hauv biosynthesis ntawm intercellular tshuaj, suav nrog glycosaminoglycans. Lawv zais ntau tus neeg nruab nrab uas cuam tshuam rau kev faib cov hlwb epithelial thiab cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas, nrog rau tswj hwm lawv cov haujlwm.
Cov ntaub so ntswg basophils vim yog cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg feem ntau koom nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub so ntswg edema thiab loj heev degranulation tau sau tseg hauv lawv, uas yog, tso tawm granules, uas nws cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ua rau nthuav dav ntawm microvessels, thiab tso cov qe ntshav los ntawm lawv, feem ntau tsis yog granular thiab granular leukocytes. Cov neeg kho kom haum xeeb tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kab mob inflammatory. Cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog blastoma qhov txhab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg basophils hu ua mastocytosis. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm daim tawv nqaij hloov pauv morphological.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm basophils hauv cov ntshav tam sim no paub. Cov cai yog dab tsi?
Norms
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qib basophils yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav. Qhov concentration ntawm lub cev yog teem raws li ib feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov lymphocytes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kiag li thiab txheeb ze tus nqi. Tus nqi kiag li, tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas, yog los ntawm 0.01 txog 0.065109 g / l, tus txheeb ze ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg thiab muaj cov ntsuas hauv qab no: 0.75% - cov menyuam yug tshiab; 0.5% - tus me nyuam los ntawm ib hlis; 0.6% - cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos; 0.7% - ob xyoos; 0.5-1% - qeb neeg laus.
Yog vim li cas thiaj nce qib basophil
Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv inflammatory txuas ntxiv rau ntau tshaj peb hnub, kev tsim cov basophils tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv cov pob txha pob txha saum toj no. Kev nce ntawm cov cell hauv cov ntshav (tshaj 0.2109 / l) yog hu ua basophilocytosis, lossis basophilia. Yog vim li cas rau txoj kev no yuavyog theem kawg ntawm kev mob hnyav lossis muaj ntau yam pathologies.
Kabmob thiab tej yam mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau basophils muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- ua xua rau tshuaj, khoom noj thiab lwm yam tshuaj;
- ntshav pathologies (mob leukemia, myeloid leukemia, granulomatosis, thiab lwm yam);
- kab mob hauv plab thiab hnyuv;
- pathology ntawm thyroid caj pas;
- mob sinusitis;
- kis kab mob;
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- hemolytic anemia;
- Hodgkin's disease;
- siv tshuaj tiv thaiv thyroid thiab estrogens;
- pre-menses thiab ovulation.
Basophilia feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj hlau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, basophils tuaj yeem nce siab hauv cov neeg uas tau phais kom tshem tawm tus po. Txawm li cas los xij, basophilocytosis qhia txog kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev tsis tu ncua, ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj lossis me me. Yog li ntawd, thaum kuaj pom basophilia, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus kuaj xyuas kom tsis txhob nco lub tswb thiab pib kho kom raws sijhawm yog tias kuaj pom muaj kab mob.
Txoj kev txo qis cov ntsiab lus ntawm basophils
Txhawm rau txo cov basophils, qhov ua rau lawv nce yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob thiab, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas, txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob. Tab sis basophils kuj tuaj yeem nce hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim tsis muaj hlau. RauTxhawm rau rov ua kom nws cov peev txheej hauv lub cev, koj yuav tsum noj nqaij liab, nqaij nruab deg, siab, zaub, ntses rog thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txhawm rau kom zoo dua nqus hlau los ntawm lub cev, nws raug nquahu kom haus kua txiv kab ntxwv thaum noj mov. Qee zaum, cov kws tshaj lij tau sau cov tshuaj uas muaj hlau. Qee zaum, kom txo qis basophils, nws yog txaus kom tsis txhob noj tshuaj antithyroid thiab estrogens. Vitamin B12 yuav pab kom normalize lawv cov ntsiab lus (feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj). Nws cov peev txheej ntuj yog poov xab, qe, mis nyuj, nqaij, thiab lwm yam.
Yog vim li cas thiaj txo qis hauv basophils
Yog tias basophils txo qis, qhov no hu ua basopenia. Lub xeev no nyuaj rau kev soj ntsuam vim lawv cov ntsiab lus tsawg dhau. Basopenia tej zaum yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, thiab qhov no feem ntau yog cov qauv. Kev txo qis qis yog qee zaum pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob hnyav thiab hyperthyroidism, thiab kuj yog los ntawm kev siv corticosteroids. Basophils tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov ntshav thaum kho mob oncology nrog tshuaj loj thiab tshuaj khomob. Basopenia hauv cov neeg laus tsis raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum kuaj mob. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, qhov txo qis yog qhov qhia tau meej dua, nws qhia tau tias muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov pob txha pob txha lossis kab mob endocrine.
Basophiles yog qhov tsis pom tseeb thiab tib lub sijhawm tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem hematopoietic. Lawv taw qhia qhov ua xua rau thawj zaug, coj cov kev ua ntawm lwm cov ntshav. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg paub nws qib ntawm basophils, nws muaj peev xwm los txiav txim siab txog lub xeev ntawm nws lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kab lus tau tham txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm basophils.
