Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi? Innate immunity, yam ntawm innate immunity

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi? Innate immunity, yam ntawm innate immunity
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi? Innate immunity, yam ntawm innate immunity

Video: Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi? Innate immunity, yam ntawm innate immunity

Video: Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog dab tsi? Innate immunity, yam ntawm innate immunity
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Thaum ib yam khoom txawv teb chaws tshwm rau hauv lub cev, kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ua kev tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob yog nyob ntawm seb nws tsim tau li cas. Yog li, kev tiv thaiv yog lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam txawv teb chaws.

Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov kab ke hauv tib neeg lub cev. Yog li, piv txwv li, nws cov hlab ntsha lossis cov kab mob endocrine yuav txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev tiv thaiv qis, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tag nrho lub cev.

Kev piav qhia txog kev tiv thaiv lub cev tau muab faib ua ob hom: kev tiv thaiv hauv lub cev thiab kis tau. Tom ntej no, peb yuav qhia koj ntxiv txog lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua.

Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob

Txhua tus neeg yug los nrog nws txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv, uas yog kev tiv thaiv. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tau txais los thiab nrog tib neeg mus tas li nws lub neej.

kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev
kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev

Thaum yug me nyuam los ntawm niam tsis muaj menyuam nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tshiab rau nws, qhov twg nws raug tua tam sim los ntawm tus tshiab thiab tsis muaj dab tsi.tus phooj ywg microorganisms uas tuaj yeem ua mob hnyav rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam. Tab sis nws tsis mob tam sim ntawd. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim vim hais tias nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov kab mob no, lub cev ntawm tus me nyuam yug tshiab pab lub ntuj innate tiv thaiv.

Txhua lub cev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm nws tus kheej rau kev ruaj ntseg sab hauv. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev yog qhov muaj zog heev, tab sis nws ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tus neeg.

Tsim lub cev tiv thaiv

Kev tiv thaiv hauv lub cev pib tsim thaum tus menyuam nyob hauv plab. Twb tau los ntawm lub hlis thib ob ntawm cev xeeb tub, cov khoom tau muab tso rau hauv lub luag haujlwm rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus menyuam. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm qia hlwb, ces nkag mus rau tus po. Cov no yog phagocytes - cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv ua hauj lwm tus kheej thiab tsis muaj clones. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav cov khoom ua phem hauv lub cev (antigens) thiab ua rau lawv tsis zoo.

Cov txheej txheem muaj npe tshwm sim nrog kev pab los ntawm qee cov txheej txheem ntawm phagocytosis:

  1. Phagocyte txav mus rau antigen.
  2. Nyob rau nws.
  3. Cov phagocyte membrane tau qhib.
  4. Cov khoom yog rub mus rau hauv lub cell, thiab cov npoo ntawm daim nyias nyias nyob ze nws, los yog nyob rau hauv cov tsim pseudopodia, enveloping nws.
  5. Ib lub vacuole uas muaj cov khoom txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau lysosomes uas muaj cov enzymes digestive.
  6. Antigen raug rhuav tshem thiab zom.
  7. Cov khoom lag luam degradation raug tshem tawm ntawm tes.
innate tiv thaiv kab mob
innate tiv thaiv kab mob

Nyob hauv lub cevtseem muaj cytokines - signaling molecules. Thaum kuaj pom cov khoom txaus ntshai, lawv ua rau phagocytes. Siv cytokines, phagocytes tuaj yeem hu rau lwm lub hlwb phagocytic rau cov antigen thiab qhib cov lymphocytes dormant.

Kev tiv thaiv hauv kev ua haujlwm

Immunity plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qib ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Innate tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv xws li mob muab kev tiv thaiv rau lub cev los ntawm 60%. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

  • muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntuj tsim hauv lub cev: cov mucous daim nyias nyias, daim tawv nqaij, qog sebaceous, thiab lwm yam.;
  • ua haujlwm siab;
  • ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ua ke, suav nrog 20 cov proteins uas tsim los ntawm lub siab;
  • phagocytosis;
  • interferon, NK hlwb, NKT hlwb;
  • tshuaj tiv thaiv cytokines;
  • natural antibodies;
  • tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob peptides.

Kev muaj peev xwm los rhuav tshem cov khoom txawv teb chaws feem ntau yog thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm innate tiv thaiv muaj xws li ib tug feature raws li lub xub ntiag ntawm cov teebmeem uas sai sai ua kom puas cov kab mob, tsis muaj kev npaj cov kauj ruam. Cov mucous daim nyias nyias secrete mucus, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau microorganisms mus txuas, thiab lub zog ntawm cilia clears lub pa ib ntsuj av tau ntawm txawv teb chaws hais.

innate lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
innate lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob

Innate tiv thaiv tsis hloov pauv, nws yog tswj los ntawm cov noob thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig. NK hlwb (hu ua natural killers) ntawm innate tiv thaiv tua kab mob uas tsim nyob rau hauvlub cev, nws tuaj yeem yog tus nqa ntawm tus kab mob lossis cov qog hlwb. Yog tias tus lej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm NK hlwb poob, tus kab mob pib zuj zus.

Tau txais kev tiv thaiv

Yog ib tug neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev thaum yug los, ces kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim hauv lub neej. Nws los ntawm ob hom:

  1. Naturally derived - tsim thaum lub neej raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigens thiab pathogens nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.
  2. Yam tau - tsim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.

Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhia los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lub cev teb rau nws qhov muaj. Thaum pom tau tias "tus yeeb ncuab", lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tshem tawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau qee lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem nyob hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tes, thiab thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam tshiab, nws tseem yuav raug rhuav tshem.

innate thiab tau txais kev tiv thaiv
innate thiab tau txais kev tiv thaiv

Yog li, muaj "immunological nco" hauv lub cev. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau "tsis muaj menyuam", uas yog, nws tuaj yeem ua neej nyob, tab sis feem ntau nws muaj nyob ntev npaum li cov kab mob phem nyob hauv lub cev.

Txoj cai tiv thaiv lub cev thiab yoog raws kev tiv thaiv

Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv muaj ib qho kev taw qhia - kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom phem. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kev tiv thaiv hauv lub cev tawm tsam cov kab mob txaus ntshai nrog kev pab ntawm o thiab phagocytosis, thaum tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv lymphocytes.

Ob qhov kev tiv thaiv no ua haujlwm sib cuam tshuam. Kev qhuas system yog ib qho nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm lawv, nrog rau nws cov kev pab txuas ntxiv yog ua kom ntseeg tau.tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li, NK hlwb yog ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum lawv tsim cytokines, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, tswj cov kev ua ntawm tau txais T-lymphocytes.

mechanisms ntawm innate tiv thaiv
mechanisms ntawm innate tiv thaiv

Txoj kev tiv thaiv nce ntxiv

Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, kev tiv thaiv hauv lub cev - tag nrho qhov no yog ib qho kev sib txuas, uas txhais tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke los txhawb nws. Yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub cev tag nrho, qhov no ua rau:

  • ua kom lub cev txaus;
  • khoom noj kom raug;
  • ib puag ncig zoo;
  • Yvitamin noj;
  • nquag cua hauv chav thiab tswj qhov kub thiab av noo hauv nws.

Khoom noj khoom haus tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txhawm rau kom nws ua haujlwm kom meej, cov khoom noj yuav tsum muaj:

  • meat;
  • fish;
  • zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
  • seafood;
  • fermented mis nyuj khoom;
  • green tea;
  • txiv ntseej;
  • taum.
innate tiv thaiv kab mob
innate tiv thaiv kab mob

Zoo kawg

Los ntawm qhov saum toj no nws pom tseeb tias kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo yog tsim nyog rau tib neeg lub neej. Innate tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib cuam tshuam thiab pab lub cev tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas tau nkag mus rau hauv nws. Thiab rau lawv cov kev ua haujlwm zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso tseg cov cwj pwm phem thiab ua raws li kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub neej kom tsis txhob ua txhaum. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb "pab tau".

Pom zoo: