Tus txiv neej nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob hauv nws lub neej. Ntau tus ntawm lawv, nyob sab nraud, tsis ua teeb meem rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, thiab qee qhov tseem muaj txiaj ntsig. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau cov kab mob tsis zoo, cov kab mob pathogenic uas ua rau kis kab mob thiab kis kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev. Tib neeg lub cev sim tawm tsam lawv. Qhov no yog qhov uas immunoglobulins nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw.
Immunoglobulin yog ib lub cell tshwj xeeb uas muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav thiab txhawb nws txoj kev tiv thaiv. Thaum kuaj pom cov kab mob txawv teb chaws, kab mob lossis kab mob, cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob no pib ua rau lawv tsis zoo.
YImmunoglobulin yog dab tsi: nta
Immunoglobulins yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv nta:
- Specificity. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv neutralizing tsuas yog tus causative tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob. Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob muaj tshuaj lom tsis yog rau cov kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj rau lub cev cov hlwb.
- Kev nyab xeebrau lub cev.
- qhov tsawg kawg nkaus xav tau los tawm tsam antigen.
- Txoj kev. Nrog rau cov ntshav, immunoglobulins nkag mus rau qhov chaw deb tshaj plaws thiab cov hlwb ntawm lub cev los tua cov kab tsuag.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Immunoglobulin yog cov protein uas ua haujlwm ntau yam kabmob, uas yog raws li hauv qab no:
- lees paub ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws;
- tom ntej antigen khi thiab tiv thaiv kab mob;
- tiv thaiv kab mob rov qab;
- kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov immunoglobulins ntau dhau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv idiotypic;
- tsis lees txais cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm lwm hom, xws li hloov cov kabmob.
Kev faib tawm ntawm immunoglobulins
Nyob ntawm qhov hnyav molecular, qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm, tsib pawg ntawm immunoglobulins txawv: G (lgG), M (lgM), A (lgA), E (lgE), D (lgD).
Immunoglobulin E (lgE) muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav plasma hauv qhov tsawg heev. Nws yog tsau rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias thiab basophils. Cov pab pawg no ntawm immunoglobulins yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj. Txuas nws mus rau cov antigen ua rau o, khaus, kub hnyiab thiab lwm yam kev tsis haum tshuaj.
Yog tias immunoglobulin E nce siab, qhov no qhia txog kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj lom rau hauv lub cev lossis pom muaj qhov tsis haum rau ntau cov histamines. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev kuaj mob kom raug,ua kev kuaj ntshav ntxiv kom pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.
Ntxiv rau, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum immunoglobulin E nce siab, nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom dhau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov muaj cov kab mob cab hauv lub cev, piv txwv li, helminths. Cov kab mob cab no ua rau cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev, rhuav tshem cov mucous membrane, uas ua rau muaj zog ntawm kev tsim cov protein ntau.
Immunoglobulin M (lgM) muaj qhov hnyav molecular, uas yog vim li cas nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam thaum nws txoj kev loj hlob hauv plab. Lub fetus tsim nws ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev tsim cov pab pawg no ntawm immunoglobulins pib ua ntej tom qab kis kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Immunoglobulin M plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Kev nce hauv immunoglobulin M yog qhov qhia txog kev mob hnyav hauv lub cev. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus nce ntxiv ntawm cov titers hauv cov ntshav qaum qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kis kab mob hauv plab hauv plab, kis tus kab mob rubella, syphilis lossis toxoplasmosis.
Immunoglobulin G ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav. Kev tsim tawm pib ob peb hnub tom qab tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab tom qab pib tsim cov tshuaj immunoglobulin M. Nws tseem nyob hauv lub cev ntev. Nws yog tib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kis los ntawm niam mus rau tus menyuam uas tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Immunoglobulin lgA yog hu ua secretory, vim nws tiv thaiv ua pa, tso zis thiab plab hnyuv los ntawm kev kis kab mob. Kujqhia txog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov mucous membranes. Immunoglobulin D yog dab tsi, nws cov nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm, tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho.
Kev ntsuas ntawm immunoglobulin kuaj
Kev kuaj ntshav txhawm rau txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntawm immunoglobulin E raug tshuaj thaum kuaj pom tus mob hawb pob bronchial, atopic dermatitis, zaub mov lossis tshuaj ua xua. Kev rov ua mob ntawm lub ntsws, daim tawv nqaij abscesses, feem ntau pob txha ntawm cov ceg, scoliosis thiab sinusitis qhia tau hais tias muaj kab mob caj ces, qhia nyob rau hauv ib qho txawv txav siab ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm pawg E.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam rau immunoglobulin M yog tshuaj rau kev kuaj pom cov kab mob purulent mob hnyav thiab mob ntev, kab mob hauv plab hauv plab, kab mob siab thiab mob cirrhosis, kab mob parasitic. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pub ntshav txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm lgG immunoglobulins thaum rov tshwm sim ua pa thiab kab mob, kab mob viral thiab kis kab mob siab, thiab AIDS raug kuaj pom.
Ib qho tshuaj immunoglobulin Ib qho kev sim ua tiav rau cov kab mob meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma.
Kev mob tsis zoo
Kev tsis txaus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm ib feem qhia pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si congenital, uas yog, thawj, thiab theem nrab, tau txais. Qhov no manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv recurrent thiab ntev kab mob. IgA deficiency yog qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj. Qhov no yog qhia nyob rau hauv ntau rhiab heev rau cov kab mob. Qhov ua rau ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob theem nrab tuaj yeem muaj ntau haiv neeg - los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis txausUa ntej raug ionizing hluav taws xob.
Kev siv tib neeg immunoglobulin
Immunoglobulin tsis yog tsuas yog cov cell protein uas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj yog ib yam khoom uas nquag siv hauv tshuaj. Muaj nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv:
- daws rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular;
- hmoov rau kev tswj cov hlab ntsha.
Tib neeg immunoglobulin tuaj yeem muab tshuaj rau kev hloov kho:
- thawj thiab theem nrab immunodeficiencies;
- mob hnyav thiab kab mob kis;
- ntau yam kab mob autoimmune;
- AIDS rau menyuam yaus;
- kom tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov menyuam mos ntxov ntxov.
Antiallergenic immunoglobulin tuaj yeem txhim kho tus mob ntawm tus menyuam uas muaj kev fab tshuaj hnyav dua. Nws tsuas tuaj yeem sau tau los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog tuaj koom.
Raws li ib feem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, koj tuaj yeem pom tib neeg lossis tsiaj immunoglobulin. Serum yog siv los tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, rubella, mumps, qhua pias.
Immunoglobulin kho
Kev kho mob siv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog ua tiav tshwj xeeb hauv tsev kho mob, vim muaj ntau yam kev phiv:
- Ua npaws, ua daus no, mob taub hau;
- ua tsis taus pa, hnoos qhuav;
- ntuav, raws plab, mob plab;
- drowsiness, qaug zog, rhiab rau lub teeb;
- tachycardia, hauv siab tsis xis nyob.
Nrog kev saib xyuas nruj ntawm tus kws kho mob, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem raug sau rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab thaum pub niam mis.
Qhov twg yuav tshuaj nrog immunoglobulin
Koj tuaj yeem yuav tshuaj nrog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Nws los nrog cov lus qhia nrog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws, contraindications thiab ntau npaum li cas. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav thiab noj cov tshuaj yam tsis muaj tshuaj. Tus nqi ntawm intramuscular immunoglobulin rau 10 ampoules nruab nrab yog 800-900 rubles. Ib lub raj mis 25 hli rau kev txhaj tshuaj txhaj tshuaj raug nqi nruab nrab ntawm 2,600 rubles. Hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj koj tuaj yeem yuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xwm txheej ceev, uas suav nrog tib neeg immunoglobulin. Nws tus nqi yuav ntau dua, tab sis lawv tsuas yog tsim nyog rau tus neeg uas tau poob rau hauv kev tsom mus rau kev sib kis.
Immunoglobulin yog globular protein, qhov tsis muaj lossis tsis txaus uas cuam tshuam rau lub xeev ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cais tawm ntawm cov ntshav plasma, nws muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov tshuaj immunostimulating.
