Yuav kom kuaj tau qhov tseeb, peb ib leeg tau ua cov txheej txheem xws li pub ntshav rau kev tshuaj ntsuam. Feem ntau, tus qauv ntiv tes yog txaus, tab sis qee zaum nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv biomaterial los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev tshawb no siv xws li ib tug txhais raws li ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv lub leukocyte mis. Tau hnov cov lus no nyob rau qhov twg, tsis yog txhua tus yuav nkag siab tias qhov tseeb yog dab tsi.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias txhua tus neeg cov ntshav muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tus kheej, thiab nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim muaj ntau yam txheej txheem lom neeg. Cov mis leukocyte qhia txog cov kev hloov no. Thiab nws yog hais txog nws uas peb yuav tham ntxiv hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus no.
Leukocyte mis yog dab tsi?
Muaj ntau hom qe ntshav dawb hauv peb cov ntshav (ntxiv rau qhov no hauv ntu tom ntej) thiab txhua tus ua haujlwm sib txawv. Cov mis leukocyte, lossis leukogram, yog feem pua ntawm txhua hom qe ntshav. Nws tseem tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab tag nrho qib ntawm leukocytes, yog li txheeb xyuastuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm leukocyte formula. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ua rau lej ntawm no. Ua tsaug rau cov qauv no, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho ntawm ib tus neeg, nrog rau txheeb xyuas ntau yam sib txawv.
Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog paub tus kab mob xwb, tab sis kuj txiav txim siab txog qib ntawm nws txoj kev kawm nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv. Feem ntau, kev tshuaj xyuas los txiav txim seb tus lej leukocyte tau raug sau nrog cov kev tshawb fawb dav dav thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob niaj hnub, nrog kev xav tias muaj kab mob leukemia, thiab tseem yog kev tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv.
hom qe ntshav dawb
Hauv cov ntshav ntawm tib neeg lub cev, raws li tau hais los saum no, muaj ntau dua ib hom leukocyte. Cov hlwb tseem ceeb no uas tiv thaiv kab mob thiab teb rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha. Muaj tsib hom ntawm lawv:
- lymphocytes;
- neutrophils;
- monocytes;
- basophils;
- eosinophils.
Hauv qhov no, monocytes, basophils thiab eosinophils raug suav hais tias hnyav, thiab lymphocytes thiab neutrophils suav hais tias yog lub teeb. Txhua yam ntawm cov qe ntshav no txawv ntawm ib leeg tsis yog hauv cov qauv, tab sis kuj ua nws txoj haujlwm. Thaum txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem ntsig txog kev hloov pauv ntawm leukocyte mis, nws tsim nyog paub lawv zoo dua.
Lymphocytes - cov hlwb no koom nrog pawg agranulocytes thiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kom paub txog thiab tshem tawm cov antigens txawv teb chaws, suav nrog cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Lawv kuj koom nroghauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv lem, lawv muab faib ua peb hom:
- B-cells;
- T-cells;
- NK cells.
Monocytes - yog cov hlwb uas koom nrog pawg mononuclear leukocyte. Lawv muaj cov duab oval thiab muaj cov nucleus loj, uas muaj chromatin, ntau cov cytoplasm nrog ntau lysosomes. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv mature lawv muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 18-20 microns. Monocytes yog lub luag haujlwm rau tshem tawm cov hlwb uas ploj ntawm lub cev, nrog rau cov kab mob thiab lwm lub cev txawv teb chaws. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj kab mob, lawv koom nrog phagocytosis.
Neutrophils - belongs rau pawg granulocytic thiab yog phagocytes hauv kev nkag siab classical. Hauv ntau qhov kev hwm, nws yog qhov tseeb rau lawv vim li cas cov mis leukocyte hloov mus rau sab xis lossis sab laug. Lawv muab faib ua stab thiab segmented. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom muaj zog, cov hlwb muaj qhov txawv ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los chemotaxis thiab tuaj yeem ntes cov kab mob. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, neutrophils nqus cov hlwb lossis cov khoom ntawm qhov me me. Lawv koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob, yog li ua haujlwm tswj kab tsuag.
Basophiles - kuj yog rau granulocytic leukocytes thiab muaj S-puab nucleus. Hauv ntau qhov muaj cov khoom xws li:
- histamine;
- serotonin;
- leukotriene;
- Yprostaglandin.
Granules yug hauv cov pob txha pob txha thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav twb laus lawm. Lawv yog cov loj loj, loj dua neutrophils thiab eosinophils. Thaum cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim, basophils yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj khoom dawbcell mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov txhab. Lawv kuj koom tes nrog kev ua xua.
Eosinophils - nrog rau cov neutrophils yog txawb thiab koom nrog phagocytosis. Lawv tuaj yeem nqus tau lub cev txawv teb chaws, tab sis ua microphages lawv tsis tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, eosinophils yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv lub peev xwm nqus thiab khi histamine thiab qee qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ua xua thiab mob. Yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tuaj yeem tso cov tshuaj no, zoo ib yam li basophils ua.
Children's body
Thaum me nyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yug tshiab, muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov menyuam yaus leukocyte. Thiab muaj lus piav qhia yooj yim rau qhov no - lub cev ntawm tus me nyuam los yog tus me nyuam uas nyuam qhuav yug los tseem tsis tau tsim tiav thiab ntau yam txheej txheem lom neeg tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv nws.
Thiab tsis zoo li cov neeg laus, cov leukocytes hauv cov ntshav, nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam, txawv. Thoob plaws lub sijhawm menyuam yaus ntawm tus menyuam lub neej, cov mis leukocyte hla ob zaug. Thawj zaug qhov no tshwm sim tom qab yug menyuam. Txij li thaum leej niam lub cev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tiv thaiv rau tus menyuam hauv plab, cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab nyob ze rau cov neeg laus.
Thaum yug los, tus me nyuam tam sim ntawd pib siv rau ib puag ncig, uas yog tshwm sim hauv ntau yam txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv nws lub cev. Thaum kawg ntawm thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej, theem ntawm lymphocytes nce ntau.
Ib hnub nyoog ntawm ib thiab peb, tus menyuam lub cevtus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntshav tsis ruaj khov. Ntawd yog, qee lub sijhawm muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm leukocyte mis rau sab laug hauv cov menyuam yaus lossis mus rau sab xis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov concentration ntawm lymphocytes thiab neutrophils tuaj yeem sib txawv txhua hnub. Tsis tas li, qee qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov hloov pauv no:
- hypothermia;
- taug kev hauv lub hnub;
- kab mob chronic;
- hloov ntawm qib noob.
Los ntawm 4 mus rau 6 xyoo, neutrophils coj cov hmoov txhuas. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6-7 xyoo, cov ntshav muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam rau cov neeg laus. Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov kev hloov hormonal no, tej zaum yuav muaj 10-15% hloov pauv hauv cov mis, uas yog qhov qub.
lub rooj hauv qab no yuav pom cov duab meej dua.
| hnub nyoog | Npe cov qe ntshav | Norm, % |
| Ntxhais tshiab | lymphocytes | 20-35 |
| neutrophils | 65 | |
| monocytes | 3-5 | |
| basophils | 0-1 | |
| eosinophils | 1-2 | |
| Lub hli ntawm lub neej | lymphocytes | 65-70 |
| neutrophils | 20-25 | |
| monocytes | 3-6 | |
| basophils | 1-2 | |
| eosinophils | 0, 5-1 | |
| 1 txog 3 xyoos | lymphocytes | 35-55 |
| neutrophils | 32-52 | |
| monocytes | 10-12 | |
| basophils | 0-1 | |
| eosinophils | 1-4 | |
| 4 txog 6 xyoo | lymphocytes | 33-50 |
| neutrophils | 36-52 | |
| monocytes | 10-12 | |
| basophils | 0-1 | |
| eosinophils | 1-4 | |
| Tshaj 6-7 xyoo | lymphocytes | 19-35 |
| neutrophils | 50-72 | |
| monocytes | 3-11 | |
| basophils | 0-1 | |
| eosinophils | 1-5 |
Ua tsaug rau qhov kev hloov pauv no, kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus menyuam lub cev raug tsim, thaum tus menyuam tau paub thiab paub txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws.
Yuav muaj qhov txawv txav hauv menyuam yaus
Txhua tushom leukocyte yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov xwm txheej vim nws tus kheej lub luag haujlwm hauv lub cev. Txhua qhov sib txawv uas cov mis leukocyte dhau mus, hloov mus rau sab laug thiab sab xis, qhia tias muaj qee yam kab mob.
Ntau theem ntawm lymphocytes lossis lymphocytosis tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob thiab cov kab mob (hnoos hnoos, mob khaub thuas, rubella, qhua pias, tuberculosis). Ntxiv rau lawv, muaj ntau cov hlwb tau qhia los ntawm kev muaj mob hawb pob bronchial, kab mob autoimmune (Crohn's lossis Lyme kab mob), nrog rau kev ua xua hauv lub cev. Pub mis rau menyuam yaus feem ntau cov zaub mov carbohydrate hauv thawj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej feem ntau ua rau muaj cov lymphocytes ntau ntxiv. Lawv qhov tsis txaus (lymphocytopenia) qhia tau hais tias cov pob txha pob txha raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob pathology thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov qe ntshav hauv qhov ntau npaum li cas.
Cov ntsiab lus siab neutrophil kuj muaj nws lub npe - Neutrophilia lossis hloov pauv ntawm leukocyte mis rau sab laug. Qee zaum, qhov no yog vim lub cev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau qee yam kev hem thawj. Piv txwv li, ib qho txheej txheem inflammatory thiab kab mob lupus erythematosus (SLE). Yog tias muaj qhov tsis ua haujlwm hormonal tshwm sim hauv lub cev, ces neutropenia lossis tsis muaj neutrophils tshwm sim. Tab sis dhau ntawm nws, qhov no cuam tshuam los ntawm kev qaug cawv ntau ntawm lub cev.
Kev siab ntawm monocytes ua rau monocytosis, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj kab mob fungal lossis kab mob. Ntawm no, daim duab kho mob tuaj yeem raug txiav txim los ntawmSab nraud nta:
- lymphadenopathy;
- mob ntawm nasopharynx thiab larynx nrog neoplasms;
- daim siab loj thiab tus yam ntxwv mob hauv txoj cai hypochondrium.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov hloov pauv leukocyte mis nrog kev hloov mus rau sab laug lossis sab xis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis muaj cov hlwb (monocytopenia). Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim yog tias lub cev tsis tau txais cov vitamins B txaus, folic acid. Iron deficiency anemia feem ntau tshwm sim.
Ntau tus basophils hu ua basophilia. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim thiab tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej sib cais. Qhov ua rau tej zaum yuav muaj kev hloov pauv pathological xws li tuberculosis, kev puas tsuaj rau cov qog ntshav, myeloid leukemia, ntshav qog ntshav.
Ib tug eosinophil suav siab yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv hauv WBC suav, uas tshwm sim rau ib qho ntawm ob qho laj thawj. Thawj qhov yog tias thaum noj cov khoom noj siv mis, suav nrog lactose, gluten, kev tsis haum tshuaj tshwm sim. Qhov thib ob yog vim li cas muaj feem xyuam rau lub xub ntiag ntawm parasitic worms, uas tau overlooked rau lub sij hawm ntev. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias eosinophilia tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm cov paib sab nraud. Tab sis cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua mus sai sai thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem rov qab tsis tau.
Kev ntsuas ntsuas
Cov lus qhia rau kev pub ntshav txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov mis leukocyte yog cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Kev kuaj mob yuav tsum tau ua txhua xyoo.
- Yog tias muaj teeb meem tom qab tus kab mob.
- Yog pomqaug zog heev.
Raws li ntau tus kws tshaj lij hais tias, tsis txhob ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntshav li no. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov mis leukocyte yuav tso cai kuaj mob yuav luag txhua yam kab mob ntawm qhov mob hnyav lossis mob ntev, suav nrog oncology.
Tsuas kawm yuav muab cov lus teb raug yog tias nws tau ua nrog rau lwm qhov kev xeem. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws muaj peev xwm ua kom paub qhov tseeb ntawm tus kab mob, nrog rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab qhov tshwm sim.
txheej txheem ntsuas
Ua ntej koj mus dhau cov txheej txheem pub ntshav txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov mis leukocyte, koj yuav tsum tau npaj. Nws yog qhov yooj yim, vim tias txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau ua yog tsis noj 3-4 teev ua ntej kev soj ntsuam thiab tsis suav nrog kev siv cawv. Koj kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim txom lub cev thiab lub siab lub ntsws. Cov ntshav venous raug coj mus tshawb fawb.
Mus ncaj qha mus ua haujlwm, tus neeg pabcuam hauv chav kuaj muab cov khoom tso rau ntawm lub iav tshwj xeeb, uas nws tso rau hauv qab lub tshuab tsom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntshav leukocyte tau txiav txim siab, kev hloov mus rau sab laug lossis sab xis yog kuaj pom thaum kuaj cov ntshav hauv cov lej ntawm ntau pua, kom tag nrho qib ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog kom faib cov hlwb hla tag nrho saum npoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, hnyav granules yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov npoo, thiab lub teeb sawv daws yuav muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev suav cov qe ntshav dawb:
- Schilling method - cov smear yog conditionally muab faib ua 4 seem.
- Filipchenko txoj kev - smear muab faib uapeb daim.
Daim ntawv teev cov txiaj ntsig yuav npaj tau tom qab ob peb hnub ntawm kev kawm, thiab tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom twb tau tshuaj xyuas nws.
Transcript of results
Kev txiav txim siab tus lej leukocyte yuav tsum tsuas yog ua los ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv qhov profile no. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem sib piv cov txiaj ntsig tau nrog cov ntsuas ntawm cov qauv. Feem ntau, thaum soj ntsuam cov ntshav leukocytes, kev hloov pauv tau txiav txim siab thaum suav phau ntawv. Tab sis qee lub tsev kho mob tau mus rau txoj kev niaj hnub no thiab siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau qhov no - tus ntsuas ntsuas.
Raws li txoj cai, nws ua haujlwm hauv hom tsis siv neeg, tab sis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm qhov kev cai, tus kws tshaj lij yuav siv sijhawm. Rau kev sib piv, ib tug neeg yuav tuaj yeem kuaj 100-200 lub hlwb, cov cuab yeej loj dua - ntau txhiab. Tab sis, txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no tso cai rau koj los ua kom raug ntau dua, kev ua yuam kev inevitably tshwm sim. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau qhov laj thawj: kev kuaj ntshav tsis raug, smear tsis npaj zoo, thiab lwm yam.
Hloov cov mis mus rau sab laug
Lub sij hawm hloov pauv ntawm cov mis leukocyte mus rau sab laug yog hais txog qhov siab ntawm stab neutrophils, uas qhia txog cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Qhov no kuj tseem yog vim:
- kab mob sib kis.
- Acid-base imbalance.
- Coma.
- lub cev nce siab.
Nrog rau qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov neutrophils, qee yam ntawm metamyelocytes (tsis tau paub tab leukocytes) nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Nyob hauv lub cev noj qab nyob zoo, lawv tsuas pom nyob rau hauv lub hlwb liab xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj cov lus teb muaj zog, feem ntau noj qab haus huv neutrophils tuag sai. Hauv qhov no, cov pob txha pob txha yuav tsum xa cov qe ntshav tsis tau mus rau qhov txhab.
Shift formula right
Raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm leukocyte mis mus rau sab xis yog txhais tau tias txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm stab neutrophils. Tab sis nrog rau qhov no, tus naj npawb ntawm segmented hlwb yog loj hlob. Feem ntau nrog cov kab mob siab ntev, kab mob raum, nrog rau megablastic anemia. Qhov no kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov ntshav.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov mis leukocyte yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate, vim feem ntau ntawm cov kev hloov uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev ua rau nws hloov. Cov concentration ntawm qee cov qe ntshav nce ntxiv ntawm tus nqi qis ntawm lwm tus.
Normal indicators
Raws li twb tau paub lawm, kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv qhia pom muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv lub cev. Cov cim qhia ntawm lymphocytes yog 19-37% lossis 1.2-3x109 pcs / l; neutrophils (tshwj xeeb segmented) - 47-72% los yog 2-5, 5x109 pcs / l; stab neutrophils - 1-6% lossis 0.04-0.3x109 pcs / l; monocytes - 3-11% lossis 0.09-0.6x109 pcs / l; basophils - 0-1% los yog 0-0, 065x109 pcs / l; thiab thaum kawg, qhov concentration ntawm eosinophils yog 0.5-5% lossis 0.02-0.3x109 pcs / L.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tus kws kho mob lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov kev kuaj mob. Thiab yog tias qhov hloov pauv hauv cov mis leukocyte tsis tau tshwm sim thiab txhua yam nyob hauv qhov qub, ces muaj laj thawj raukev ntxhov siab tsis muaj.
