Ib qho kev xeem uas tau xaj ntau tshaj plaws, ob qho tib si hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus, yog qhov chaw kuaj mob lossis suav ntshav tag (CBC). Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm nws txoj kev yooj yim, nkag tau yooj yim thiab cov ntsiab lus cov ntaub ntawv siab. Thawj thawj zaug, cov menyuam tau ntsib nrog nws thaum yug los kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv tam sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov menyuam mos, cov qauv ntawm kev kuaj ntshav hauv tsev kho mob txawv ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo.
CBC yog dab tsi
Kev kuaj ntshav hauv tsev kho mob yog suav tias yog kev ntsuas tus qauv hauv cov tshuaj thiab raug xa ua ntej thaum hu rau lub tsev kho mob. Nws tshuav nws lub npe los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob dav dav raws li kev pom zoo.
Peb hom kev kuaj ntshav dav dav tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Kev kawm nqaim (suav nrog kev kawm ntawm ib lossis ob qhov ntsuas).
- qauv(txog kaum qhov ntsuas tau kawm).
- Ntev (ntau dua 10 qhov ntsuas tau tshuaj xyuas).
Ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov qe ntshav liab - erythrocytes, uas muaj hemoglobin, uas ua rau cov cell liab, cov qe ntshav dawb - leukocytes uas tsis muaj xim xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm hemoglobin, ESR thiab xim ntsuas tau raug kawm.
Tsis tas li, thaum ua kev tshawb fawb, nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias thaum txiav txim siab kuaj ntshav, cov qauv hauv menyuam yaus txawv ntawm cov neeg laus. Uas tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev cov qib metabolic, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab cov kab mob sib txawv.
Kev npaj siab rau kev kuaj ntshav
Hais txog cov me nyuam yaus uas tseem tsis tau paub txog lawv tus kheej li ib tug neeg, yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv xws li mob yog tag nrho ntawm leej niam. Thiab nws lub xeev ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho hauv lub xeev ntawm tus menyuam, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj xeeb ua ntej tus txheej txheem, thiaj li tsis hloov lub xeev no rau tus menyuam.
Txij thaum tus menyuam paub tias nws yog ib tus neeg ywj pheej, nws pib tawm tsam lwm tus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus muaj kev ntshai ntau dua li cov neeg laus, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ntxiv me ntsis kev xav zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej kev soj ntsuam, koj yuav tsum nyob twj ywm kom tsis txhob ua rau qhov teeb meem nyuaj.
Npaj koj tus menyuam li cas rau kev kuaj ntshavphysiologically
Cov me nyuam muaj lub siab ntsws xav tau kev kho kom zoo, tab sis kev npaj yuav tsum tsis yog kev puas siab puas ntsws, tab sis kuj yog lub cev, txhawm rau txo qis kev ntxhov siab los ntawm tus menyuam.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev cai rau tus neeg mob me ua ntej qhov txheej txheem yog tsis kam noj zaub mov, uas yog, ntshav tau noj thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog txoj cai uas yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kev tshuaj ntsuam biochemical, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia no.
Txhua yam kev ntsuas lub cev kuj tseem ceeb, vim tias cov menyuam yaus muaj cov ntshav ntim ntau dua li cov neeg laus. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej mus ntsib kws kho mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tus menyuam tsaug zog zoo, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau cov qe ntshav liab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tshem tawm lub cev ntawm co toxins thiab lwm yam teeb meem los ntawm kev mus xyuas chav dej. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nthuav tawm tus menyuam mus rau kev tawm dag zog lub cev, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm kev kuaj ntshav hauv menyuam yaus.
xov tshuaj ntsuam ntshav
Tam sim no, txhua lub chaw soj nstuam tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj kom tsawg kawg nkaus. Kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig, nws txaus los tso cov khoom ntes rau hauv cov cuab yeej thiab tos kom txog thaum kawg. kawm. Yog li ntawd, ib daim ntawv uas muaj tag nrho cov lus qhia tau muab rau cov neeg mob, tab sis lawv txhais li cas? Nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom paub los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Tom qab ntawd tib neeg tig mus rau kev pab tshwj xeebcov ntaub ntawv los yog ntau dua rau cov peev txheej hauv Internet. Lawv tab tom sim nrhiav kom paub tag nrho cov txheej txheem deciphered ntawm kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus, uas yuav txawv ntawm cov neeg laus.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no, xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshav cov ntsiab lus, yuav tsum nkag siab txog qhov ntau npaum li cas yog cov ntsuas tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov muaj tus kab mob hauv tus menyuam lub cev.
Tus qauv rau kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos raws li qhov ntsuas yog:
- Colour Index 0.74 txog 0.91% (ICHC);
- lymphocytes ntawm 38.1 txog 72.1% (LYM);
- eosinophils 1.1 txog 6.15% (LYM);
- basophils ntawm 0 txog 1% (BAS);
- segmented neutrophils los ntawm 15.1 txog 45.2%;
- stab neutrophils los ntawm 1.1 txog 5.0%;
- erythrocytes ntawm 3.61 txog 4.91 x 10 12 cells/l (RBC);
- reticulocytes ntawm 3 mus rau 12 ppm (RTC);
- leukocytes ntawm 6.15 txog 12.0 10 9 cells/l (WBC);
- ESR 2.0 txog 2.12 mm / h (ESR);
- monocytes 2.0 txog 2.12% (MON);
- nemoglobin 99 txog 138 g/l (Hb);
- platelets ntawm 180.5 txog 400 x 10 9 cells/l (PLT).
Cov qauv rau kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoos raws li qhov tsis muaj yog:
- Colour Index 0.82 txog 1.05% (MCHC);
- lymphocytes ntawm 26.1 txog 60.1% (LYM);
- eosinophils 1.1 txog 6.15% (LYM);
- basophils ntawm 0 txog 1% (BAS);
- segmented neutrophils los ntawm 25.1 txog 65.15%;
- stab neutrophils los ntawm 1.1 txog 5.0%;
- erythrocytes ntawm 3.51 txog 4.51 x10 12 cells/L (RBC);
- reticulocytes ntawm 2 txog 12 ppm (RTC);
- leukocytes ntawm 5, 1 txog 12 10 9 cells/l (WBC);
- ESR 2.0 txog 2.10mm / teev (ESR);
- monocytes ntawm 2.0 txog 2.10% (MON);
- hemoglobin los ntawm 109 txog 144 g / l (Hb);
- platelets ntawm 180.5 txog 400 x 10 9 cells/l (PLT).
Tus qauv rau kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos raws li qhov ntsuas yog:
- Colour Index 0.82 txog 1.05% (MCHC);
- lymphocytes ntawm 24.1 txog 54.1% (LYM);
- eosinophils 1.11 txog 6.16% (LYM);
- basophils ntawm 0 txog 1% (BAS);
- segmented neutrophils los ntawm 35.1 txog 65.2%;
- stab neutrophils los ntawm 1.1 txog 5.0%;
- erythrocytes ntawm 3.5 txog 4.7 x 10 12 cells/l (RBC);
- reticulocytes 2 txog 10.77 ppm (RTC);
- leukocytes ntawm 4, 3 rau 10 x 10 8 cells/l (WBC);
- ESR 2.0 txog 2.09 mm / h (ESR);
- monocytes ntawm 2.0 txog 2.10% (MON);
- hemoglobin los ntawm 113 txog 147 g / l (Hb);
- platelets ntawm 155 txog 379 x 10 9 cells/l (PLT).
Tus qauv rau kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo raws li qhov ntsuas yog:
- xim index ntawm 0.79 rau 1% (MCHC);
- lymphocytes ntawm 24.9 txog 53.8% (LYM);
- eosinophils 1.12 txog 5.1% (LYM);
- basophils 0 rau 0.99% (BAS);
- segmented neutrophils los ntawm 39.9 mus rau 64.6%;
- stabneutrophils los ntawm 1 txog 5.3%;
- erythrocytes ntawm 3.58 txog 5.09 x 10 11 hlwb ib liter (RBC);
- reticulocytes ntawm 1.99 txog 10.88 ppm (RTC);
- leukocytes ntawm 4, 4 txog 9, 7 x 10 9 cells/l (WBC);
- ESR ntawm 2.1 txog 2.13 mm / h (ESR);
- hemoglobin los ntawm 114 txog 150 g / l (Hb);
- monocytes ntawm 2.0 txog 2.10% (MON);
- platelets ntawm 157 txog 390 x 10 9 cells/l (PLT).
xaiv xim
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov ntsuas no tsuas yog ua tiav yog tias kev tshuaj ntsuam tau ua los ntawm tus kheej, thiab nws qhia txog cov hemoglobin muaj nyob hauv cov qe ntshav liab. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm hemoglobin, peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ntsuas no txawv:
Hypochromia. Hauv qhov no, hemoglobin hauv cell yuav luag tsis tuaj, vim qhov no, cell nucleus tsis muaj xim
Normochromia. Tus nqi no, raws li lub npe, sib raug raws li cov cai ntawm kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov xim ntawm cov nucleus yog me ntsis sib dua li cov xim ntawm lub voj voog, thiab txawv ntawm cov xim ntawm lub cev erythrocyte
Hyperchromia. Cov xwm txheej no sib haum mus rau lub cell oversaturation nrog hemoglobin, thiab xim ntawm lub cev erythrocyte tsis tuaj yeem txawv ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm nucleus
Erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi
Los ntawm kev ntsuas erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi, lossis ESR, tuaj yeem kuaj pom ntau qhov txawv txav. Yog hais tias qhov ceev yog nce nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau cov ntsuas ntawm lub rooj ntawm cov qauv rau kev kuaj ntshav ntawm cov me nyuam, ces qhov no yuav qhia tau hais tias lub cev qhuav dej, tshaib plab, los yog lub xub ntiag ntawm lub cev.kev tawm dag zog lub cev ntau dhau. Yog tias qhov ntau dhau yog qhov tseem ceeb, ces qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm tus kab mob, txheej txheem o, los yog lom nrog cov organic tshuaj lom. Kev kuaj pom tseeb dua tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas lwm yam kev ntsuas.
Leukocytes
Leukocytes txhais tau tias tag nrho cov qe ntshav dawb thiab muab faib ua:
- Ntshav leukocytes.
- Tsis yog nplej.
thawj pab pawg suav nrog basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils. Rau qhov thib ob - platelets thiab monocytes. Kev suav cov qe ntshav dawb siab yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev kis kab mob, o, lossis leukemia hauv tus menyuam lub cev. Qhov muaj peev xwm muaj tus kab mob rubella, AIDS, qhua pias lossis kab mob siab kab mob siab, kev mob hluav taws xob yuav raug qhia los ntawm cov ntsiab lus txo ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb. Kev kuaj pom tseeb dua tseem ua tau los ntawm kev kawm ntxiv cov ntsuas thiab muab piv nrog cov qauv ntawm kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes yog ib feem ntawm tib neeg kev tiv thaiv tsis tau, lawv txawv los ntawm ntau tus hauv kev kuaj ntshav. Muaj ob yam mob uas cuam tshuam nrog cov lymphocytes hauv cov khoom siv lom neeg uas tau kawm:
- YLymphocytosis.
- Lymphopenia.
Lymphocytosis lossis ntau cov lymphocytes hauv kev sib piv nrog cov qauv yuav qhia tau tias:
- presence of leukemia;
- tshuaj lom los ntawm ntsev los yog hlau hnyav;
- kab mob ntawm ntau lub hauv paus chiv keeb;
Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua tau vim yog siv tshuaj lossis tshuaj uas ua rau nce qib ntawm lymphocytes,Piv txwv li, zib ntab los yog aloe.
Lymphopenia tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm:
- tuberculosis stick;
- HIV;
- chav kho tshuaj khomob;
- siv xov tooj cua;
- kev mob hluav taws xob;
- noj tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj hormones;
- ua xua;
- lupus.
Eosinophils
Eosinophils yog leukocytes uas raug rau cov xim eosin. Cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau no tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov qe ntshav no ntawm lub iav swb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis. Ib qho ntxiv ntawm eosinophils hauv cov ntshav qhia tias muaj cov kab mob xws li:
- helminthiasis;
- kab mob autoimmune;
- ua xua;
- kab mob;
- mob qog noj ntshav.
qis qis ib txwm tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm o thiab sepsis, nrog rau hnyav hlau lom.
Basophiles
Basophils yog pawg loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb. Lawv koom nrog thawj theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem nqa immunoglobulin granules thiab tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom los ntawm lub cev.
nce qib ntawm basophils tuaj yeem qhia cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- nephrosis;
- ntshav qab zib;
- ua xua;
- myeloid leukemia;
- hypothesis;
- windmill;
- kab mob ntawm tus po.
Txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshav no tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim nojqee cov tshuaj tua kab mob raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv atypical.
Neutrophils
Neutrophils yog cov qe ntshav dawb uas ua haujlwm phagocytic thiab tuag tom qab ua tiav lawv lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov theem ntawm neutrophils, 2 pathological mob yog txawv:
- Neutrophilia (cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus no dhau qhov kev cai).
- Neutropenia (cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no qis dua qub).
Nrog neutrophilia, pathologies xws li infarction ntawm ntau yam hauv nruab nrog cev, kab mob ntxeem tau, sepsis, leukemia, abscess. Neutropenia tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm kws khomob thiab kev kho hluav taws xob, vim yog cov kab mob caj ces, thyrotoxicosis, leukemia lossis viral invasion.
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes yog cov hlwb uas muaj hemoglobin. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - lawv nqa tawm cov pa oxygen mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj cov ntshav tsim no, cov kab mob hauv qab no tuaj yeem tshwm sim:
- dej;
- asthenia ntawm cov hlab plawv;
- erythremia;
- raum hlab ntsha stenosis.
Txo cov qe ntshav liab tuaj yeem ua tau vim:
- tsis muaj protein ntau hauv kev noj haus;
- kab mob ntshav;
- ntshav qab zib;
- tshuaj lom nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg.
YReticulocytes
Cov kws kho mob hu cov qe ntshav liab reticulocytes uas tseem tsis tau txog lawv qhov kev loj hlob. Lawv cov ntsiab lus hauv cov menyuam yaus cov ntshav tshaj lawv cov lej hauv cov neeg laus. Qhov tseeb no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub cev nws tus kheej hauv cov menyuam yaushluas, thiab qhov kev loj hlob muaj feem cuam tshuam.
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin yog cov ntshav muaj peev xwm khaws cia thiab thauj cov pa oxygen. Qhov no yog ua tau vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau molecules. Cov ntsiab lus hemoglobin nce ntxiv tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm:
- erythremia;
- kab mob hauv lub plawv;
- dej;
- pathologies ntawm lub siab;
- kab mob urinary system.
Txo cov ntsiab lus hemoglobin tuaj yeem ua tau vim:
- leukemia;
- thalassemia;
- ntshav poob zoo;
- qaug zog ntawm lub cev;
- hlau deficiency
- vitamin deficiency.
Monocytes
Monocytes yog cov phagocytes nquag tshaj plaws ntawm txhua cov qe ntshav dawb. Muaj 2 yam nyob ntawm lawv cov ntshav:
- Monocytosis (zoo li qub).
- Monocytopenia (qis qis qis dua).
Monocytosis ua tau vim:
- kab mob autoimmune;
- phosphorus lom;
- ntau tus mob myeloma;
- Ylymphogranulomatosis.
Ua rau monocytopenia tuaj yeem yog:
- ntshav qab zib;
- sepsis;
- siv corticosteroids;
- leukemia;
- kev cuam tshuam kev phais.
Platelets
Platelets yog non-nucleated, biconcave hlwb uas tsis muaj xim thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntshav txhaws. Nrog thrombocytosis, pathologies xws li:
- tuberculosis;
- qog nqaij hlav cancer;
- lub cev dhau;
- qhib kev raug mob;
- ua haujlwm tsis raug lossis tshem tawm tus po.
Yog tias koj cov platelet suav qis (thrombocytopenia), koj tuaj yeem:
- ntshav qab zib;
- DIC;
- prematurity;
- hemophilia;
- lupus;
- nce metabolism.
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias txhua tus menyuam yaus muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qe ntshav, qhov ntau npaum li cas tau kuaj pom thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias muaj kev zam. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sim nrhiav kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev kawm tsim nyog, thiab yog tias koj pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los mus ntsib kws kho mob rau cov lus qhia.
