Tiv thaiv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob pathogens - kab mob, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj cov txheej txheem uas ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb, piv txwv li, T-lymphocytes, ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb, ib qho ntawm cov interferon gamma. Tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, lub compound plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cellular tiv thaiv. Vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev, nws tsim li cas, thiab los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus twg nws ua kom peb lub cev muaj kev ncaj ncees - peb yuav tau txais cov lus teb rau cov lus nug hauv kab lus no.
Tshuaj cov qauv thiab tsim khoom
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj yog glycoprotein - peptide txuam nrog cov carbohydrates. Biochemists tau txheeb xyuas ob qho ntawm nws cov qauv, uas txawv ntawm cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm thawj thiab 139 monomers hauv cov saw hlau polypeptide. Lawv hu ua gamma-interferon 1a thiab 2a. Qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav yog li 20 - 25 kDa. Tsim los teb rau kev nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlwb ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic sawv cev los ntawmcov kab mob. Raws li cov khoom siv dag zog, cov tshuaj tau txais los ntawm biotechnology thiab genetic engineering siv cov kab mob Escherichia coli, cov plasmid uas muaj tib neeg interferon noob. Xws li gamma-interferon hu ua recombinant, nws yog ib feem ntawm kev npaj: "Immuneron", "Ingaron", "Immunnomax"
Mechanism ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob phem txawv teb chaws hauv lub cev yog ib txwm ua nrog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv, ib qho ntawm qhov mob. Nws ua haujlwm ua tus cim qhia qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob nws tus kheej thiab cov lus teb ntawm cov hlwb rau cov kab mob antigens. Muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los yog lub cev. Nws yog raws li cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid: cytokines (lymphokines). Piv txwv li, tib neeg interferon gamma, interleukin 2, los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm daim nyias nyias, quab yuam cov hlwb tseem tsis muaj kab mob los pib kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab qhov tseeb, yog cov teeb liab proteins. Cia wb mus saib lawv.
Txoj Cai ntawm lymphokines
Nyob rau hauv khub thib 6 ntawm tib neeg chromosomes muaj ib qho chaw uas muaj cov noob caj noob ces uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov cytoplasmic membrane thiab lwm cov cell organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, thiab lwm yam. Lymphokines lawv tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov antigens ntawm cov kab mob, tab sis lawv xa cov ntaub ntawv sai sai txog qhov muaj cov khoom txawv teb chaws los ntawm ib lub xov tooj mus rau lwm qhov. Piv txwv li, ib qho antigen receptorpab hlwb thiab T-lymphocytes, TOR induces ib tug intracellular teeb liab los ntawm activating ob tshwj xeeb proteins. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm mitotic division - proliferation - intensifies nyob rau hauv lub lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab cellular tiv thaiv kev loj hlob. Zoo li lwm yam lymphokines, gamma-interferon cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob nucleic acids, thiab tseem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem sib dhos ntawm cov protein molecules ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov protein uas peb tab tom txiav txim siab yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev lom zem.
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm li cas
Thymus caj pas, qog nqaij hlav, palatine tonsils, daim ntawv ntxiv - cov no yog qhov chaw uas lymphocytes tsim. Cov hlwb tiv thaiv tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob hauv lub cev. Thaum ntxov ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob, cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, hu ua naive, tsis tuaj yeem taug qab cov antigens txawv teb chaws, kab mob thiab kab mob. Lawv yuav tsum paub tab thiab ua kom tsis muaj zog - qhov no tshwm sim hauv thymus. Lub cev lub cev uas tsim ob lub hlwb tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej: macrophages, T-lymphocytes, killer cells, thiab ntau hom interferon gamma, yog tswj los ntawm cov chaw siab dua cortical ntawm lub hlwb.
Nws txoj haujlwm tseem raug tswj hwm los ntawm cov qog adrenal, qog pituitary thiab hypothalamus. Kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab cov cwj pwm tsis zoo txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntev. Txij li thaum lub cev teb yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua ntawm tag nrho nws cov kab ke, ib qhoKev ua txhaum ntawm homeostasis yog fraught nrog kev tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm thiab kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tib neeg interferon gamma
Hauv kev kho mob, raws li kev tiv thaiv thiab kho tus neeg sawv cev, cov tshuaj muaj cov proteins uas tau txais los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsiaj nrog cov tshuaj interferon recombinant. Antibody molecules yog precipitated los ntawm cov ntshav cov ntshav, purified thiab siv raws li ib tug antiviral tshuaj. Nws muaj peev xwm txhim khu kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li gamma globulins, nrog rau txo cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ua pa: kua ntswg thiab qhov ntswg congestion, hnoos.
kho cov nyhuv ntawm interferon
Tiv thaiv glycoprotein inhibits kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob thiab txhawb nqa cov enzymes ntawm tes, xws li adenylate synthetase thiab protein kinase, uas cuam tshuam cov synthesis ntawm nucleic acid thiab viral hnab ntawv proteins. Cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam qhov rhiab heev ntawm daim nyias nyias cell proteins rau lymphokines, piv txwv li, nws yog ib tug immunomodulator. Interferon gamma rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus yog siv los tiv thaiv thiab kho mob khaub thuas thiab kab mob ua pa, nrog rau kev kuaj pom muaj Koch's bacillus hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj pleev, suppositories thiab txhaj tshuaj.
Kev siv tshuaj uas kws kho mob tau sau tseg hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem pib txij li 6 lub hlis, vim tias tus menyuam tsis muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj thiab cov kab mob loj ntawm cov hlab plawv. Contraindications rau kev kho mob ntawm cov poj niam yog allergies thiab cev xeeb tub. Cov tshuaj niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas siv rau hauv kev kho menyuam yaus, muaj cov protein tiv thaiv rov ua dua nrog kev ua kom huv huv thiab ua tiav qhov tsis muaj polypeptide fragments.
