Adrenergic agonists yog ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm adrenoreceptors nyob rau hauv cov kabmob sab hauv thiab cov phab ntsa vascular. Tag nrho cov adrenergic receptors tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob, cov nyhuv kho kom haum xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov complexes nrog cov tshuaj nquag. Alpha-agonists excitatory ua rau alpha-adrenergic receptors, ua rau muaj qee yam lus teb ntawm lub cev.
Dab tsi yog alpha-adrenergic receptors
A1-adrenergic receptors nyob rau ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm cov hlwb, hauv thaj tsam ntawm synapses, lawv hnov mob rau norepinephrine, uas tso tawm los ntawm cov hlab ntsha xaus ntawm postganglionic neurons ntawm lub paj hlwb sympathetic. Localized nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm me me caliber. Excitation ntawm receptors ua rau vascular spasm, kub siab, txo permeability ntawm phab ntsa arterial, txo. Kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory hauv lub cev.
A2-adrenergic receptors nyob sab nraum cov synapses thiab ntawm presynaptic membrane ntawm cov hlwb. Lawv teb rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm norepinephrine thiab adrenaline. Excitation ntawm cov receptors ua rau rov qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog manifested los ntawm hypotension thiab so ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog adrenomimetics
Alpha- thiab beta-adrenergic agonists, uas nws tus kheej khi rau receptors rhiab rau lawv thiab ua rau cov nyhuv ntawm adrenaline los yog norepinephrine, hu ua direct-acting agents.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tsis ncaj, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm nws tus kheej cov neeg nruab nrab, tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev puas tsuaj, thiab pab kom muaj zog ntawm cov paj hlwb.
Adrenergic agonists raug muab rau hauv cov xeev hauv qab no:
- mob plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, mob ntshav siab, mob plab, poob siab, mob plawv;
- bronchial hawb pob, bronchospasm;
- nce intraocular siab;
- kab mob inflammatory ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov muag thiab qhov ntswg;
- hypoglycemic coma;
- tshuaj loog hauv zos.
Alpha-agonists
Cov pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj suav nrog kev xaiv (ua rau ib hom receptor) thiab tsis xaiv (excitation ntawm a1- thiab a2-receptors) cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov tsis xaiv alpha-agonist yog sawv cev ncaj qha los ntawm norepinephrine, uas kuj muaj cov nyhuv stimulating ntawm beta receptors.
Alpha-agonists uas cuam tshuam rau a1 receptors -Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev poob siab siv rau kev txo qis hauv cov ntshav siab. Lawv tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, ua rau cov hlab ntsha nqaim, uas zoo rau glaucoma lossis allergic rhinitis. Paub tshuaj ntawm pab pawg:
- "Midodrine";
- "Mezatone";
- "Ethylephrine".
Alpha-agonists uas cuam tshuam rau a2 receptors paub zoo dua rau cov pej xeem vim lawv siv dav. Cov neeg sawv cev nrov yog Xylometazoline, Nazol, Sanorin, Vizin. Siv los kho cov kab mob ntawm qhov muag thiab qhov ntswg (conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sinusitis).
Tshuaj yog paub txog lawv cov vasoconstrictive effect, uas tso cai rau koj tshem tawm qhov ntswg qhov ntswg. Kev siv nyiaj yuav tsum tsuas yog ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, txij li kev siv sijhawm ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab mucosal atrophy.
Cov me nyuam yaus kuj yog cov tshuaj uas muaj alpha-agonists. Cov kev npaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ib tug qis concentration ntawm active tshuaj. Tib cov ntaub ntawv yog siv los kho cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib thiab kub siab.
Alpha-adrenergic agonists uas excite a2 receptors kuj suav nrog cov tshuaj hauv nruab nrab ("Methyldopa", "Clonidine", "Katapresan"). Lawv qhov kev txiav txim yog raws li nram no:
- hypotensive nyhuv;
- txo qis hauv plawv dhiaCov ntawv luv;
- kev ua siab ntev;
- mob me ntsis;
- txo qis hauv cov qog lacrimal thiab qaub ncaug;
- txo qis hauv dej tso rau hauv txoj hnyuv me.
Mezaton
Ib tshuaj raws li phenylephrine hydrochloride uas ua rau muaj ntshav siab. Nws siv yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb npaum li cas, txij li qhov txo qis hauv lub plawv dhia yog ua tau. "Mezaton" nce siab maj mam muab piv rau lwm cov tshuaj, tab sis cov nyhuv ntev dua.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj:
- arterial hypotension, vau;
- kev npaj rau kev phais;
- Yvasomotor rhinitis;
- tshuaj loog hauv zos;
- tshuaj lom ntawm ntau yam etiologies.
Qhov xav tau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig tam sim ntawd yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj txhaj. Cov tshuaj kuj raug txhaj rau hauv cov leeg, subcutaneously, intranasally.
Y"Xylometazoline"
Ib hom tshuaj uas muaj tib yam tshuaj nquag, uas yog ib feem ntawm "Galazolin", "Otrivin", "Xymelin", "Dlyanos". Nws yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob hauv zos ntawm mob rhinitis, sinusitis, hay fever, otitis media, npaj rau kev phais lossis kev kuaj mob hauv qhov ntswg.
Tau ua cov tshuaj tsuag, tee thiab gel rau kev siv tshuaj intranasal. Cov tshuaj tsuag tau tso cai siv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoos. Qhia kom ceev faj raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- angina;
- lub sijhawm pub mis niam;
- kab mob thyroid;
- Yprostatic hyperplasia;
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- pregnancy.
Clonidine
Cov tshuaj yog alpha-agonists. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm "Clonidine" yog ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm a2-adrenergic receptors, uas ua rau txo qis hauv siab, kev loj hlob ntawm me ntsis analgesic thiab sedative nyhuv.
Dav siv ntau hom kev kub siab, kub ntxhov siab, txhawm rau txo qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm glaucoma, ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj rau kev kho tshuaj thiab kev quav cawv.
"Clonidine" yog contraindicated thaum cev xeeb tub, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj gestosis lig lig, thaum cov txiaj ntsig rau leej niam tshaj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim mob rau tus menyuam hauv plab, nws muaj peev xwm siv me me ntawm cov tshuaj ua ke nrog. lwm yam tshuaj.
Vizin
Tetrizoline-raws li vasoconstrictor siv hauv ophthalmology. Raws li nws cov kev cuam tshuam, cov menyuam kawm ntawv nthuav dav, qhov o ntawm conjunctiva txo qis, thiab cov kua dej intraocular txo. Siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm allergic conjunctivitis, nrog txhua yam, lub cev los yog tshuaj los ntawm txawv teb chaws tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm daim tawv muag.
Alpha agonist overdose
Kev noj ntau dhau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua uas qhia txog cov teebmeem ntawm alpha-agonists. Tus neeg mob txhawj xeeb txog ntshav siab,nce plawv dhia nrog atherosclerosis. Lub sijhawm no, mob stroke lossis pulmonary edema tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Kev kho mob ntau dhau muaj cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- Peripheral sympatholytics cuam tshuam kev sib kis ntawm cov hlab ntsha impulses nyob rau hauv periphery thiab hauv lub paj hlwb. Yog li, siab txo, lub plawv dhia thiab peripheral tsis kam txo.
- Calcium antagonists yog tsom los thaiv kev nkag ntawm calcium ions rau hauv cov hlwb. Lub plawv cov leeg txo qis qhov xav tau oxygen, nws cov contractility txo qis, so thaum lub sij hawm diastole txhim kho, txhua pab pawg ntawm cov hlab ntsha nthuav.
- tshuaj Myotropic pab kom cov leeg du, nrog rau cov leeg pob txha ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Alpha-agonists, kev siv uas muaj ntau pawg qhia, yuav tsum tau ceev faj xaiv ntau npaum, saib xyuas electrocardiogram, ntshav siab, ntshav peripheral.
