Kev tshawb fawb kab mob: algorithm, txheej txheem, hom phiaj, theem

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev tshawb fawb kab mob: algorithm, txheej txheem, hom phiaj, theem
Kev tshawb fawb kab mob: algorithm, txheej txheem, hom phiaj, theem

Video: Kev tshawb fawb kab mob: algorithm, txheej txheem, hom phiaj, theem

Video: Kev tshawb fawb kab mob: algorithm, txheej txheem, hom phiaj, theem
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Anonim

Kev tshawb fawb bacteriological yog dab tsi? Raws li lub tswv yim dab tsi yog nws ua? Qhov kev nyab xeeb no txhais li cas? Lub hom phiaj thiab theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological yog dab tsi?

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

kuaj kab mob bacteriological
kuaj kab mob bacteriological

Kev kuaj kab mob kab mob yog txheej txheem tshawb fawb uas cov kab mob tau txheeb xyuas thiab lawv cov khoom raug kawm txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj kab mob microbiological. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm hom lossis hom ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim (cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab yog implied). Qhov no yog nrog los ntawm kev kawm txog biochemical thiab physiological thaj chaw ntawm cov kab mob, nrog rau kev nyiam rau kev tsim cov tshuaj lom. Rau cov hom phiaj no, nag lossis daus thiab agglutination tshwm sim yog siv. Nws kuj tseem xyaum ua kom kis tau cov tsiaj hauv chav kuaj nrog kev tshawb pom tom qab ntawm kev hloov pauv pathological.

Ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv xeem

bacteriological kev tshawb fawb algorithm
bacteriological kev tshawb fawb algorithm

Cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb bacteriological muab kev ua raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Yog li, cov khoom siv kuaj yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv cov tais diav uas tsis muaj menyuam nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej aseptic. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau saib xyuaskom ntseeg tau tias xa mus rau lub chaw kuaj mob sai li sai tau. Kev cia txias ntawm cov qauv yog xav tau. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological muab rau ntau qhov xwm txheej. Yog li, hom khoom, cov khoom ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob feem ntau ua rau nws tsim nyog los tsim cov lus qhia rau kev ua haujlwm. Muaj ntau txoj kev sib txawv yog siv hauv kev ua haujlwm. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog bacterioscopy. Tab sis yog tias cov kab mob tsis kho, ces siv cov crushed los yog dai poob. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ob txoj kev xaiv kawg yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm kev sib kis.

Bacterioscopy

Hauv qhov no, siv cov hlab ntsha tawg. Yuav kom tsim tau lawv, koj yuav tsum tau faib ib tug poob ntawm cov kua uas tau kawm nyob rau saum npoo ntawm ib tug iav swb. Zates yuav tsum qhuav nws. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev txav cov tshuaj los ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws tau los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias kho cov tebchaw tuaj yeem siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev. Txhawm rau qhia tias kev npaj tau ua tiav nrog qhov kev npaj no, nws yog xim av. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no yog qhov tseeb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum kuaj xyuas cov kab mob microscopic thiab bacteriological. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias koj rov siv cov tshuaj rau lwm lub hom phiaj, koj tau txais porridge, uas yuav nyuaj heev rau kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Vim li cas bacterioscopy thiaj li nrov

theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological
theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological

Tsis tsawg vim muaj cov qauv no. Yog hais tias ib tug bacteriological kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib tug tshiab npaj yog nqa tawm, ces mus txiav txim lub pathogenCov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob microchemical los yog xaiv staining ntawm ntau yam qauv ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov twg zoo dua? Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo dua tuaj yeem tau txais thaum ua haujlwm nrog kev npaj xim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntaub ntawv xeem yog siv rau lub pre-npaj iav swb. Thiab nco ntsoov nyias (thiab yog tias ua tau) txheej. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum cov tshuaj dries nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Tom qab ntawd cov kab mob microorganisms raug kho los ntawm kev siv ib txoj hauv kev. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev npaj txias yog raug staining nrog cov xim sib txawv lossis cov xim yooj yim. Rau qhov no, qhuav thiab ib txwm npaj yuav siv tau. Tom qab ntawd, nws tseem yuav ncaj qha ultraviolet lossis luv xiav rays mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob sib sau ua ke, uas ua rau tag nrho cov microbe lossis qee qhov ntawm nws lub cev ci.

Kev siv cov kab mob bacterioscopy

Nws yog siv los kuaj xyuas ntau tus kab mob sib kis. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov no yog tuberculosis, gonorrhea thiab relapsing kub taub hau. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv mus rau kev tshawb fawb txhawm rau kawm tag nrho cov kab mob microflora ntawm lub cev lossis cov khoom. Tab sis cov neeg thuam feem ntau taw qhia txog qhov tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab tsis raug ntawm txoj kev no.

Cov qoob loo thiab subcultures ntawm kab lis kev cai

cov hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological
cov hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological

Nqa lawv tawm siv Pasteur pipette. Kev kuaj kab mob bacteriological thiab cytological feem ntau nyuaj ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj inoculation thiab subculture thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Thaum ua haujlwm nrog Pasteur pipette, nws cov lus qhiatawg nrog tweezers. Cov cuab yeej nws tus kheej yog tom qab ntawd nqa los ntawm cov nplaim taws ntawm lub qhov cub thiab tom qab ntawd tso cai rau txias. Los ntawm txoj kev, ob qho tib si kua thiab khoom noj khoom haus tawm tuaj yeem siv rau kev cog qoob loo. Qhov kev xaiv yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological tau ua raws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb. Yog li, thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cov kua nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias nws tsis nchuav tawm thiab tsis ntub cov npoo ntawm cov cork thiab cov kav dej. Thaum txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav nrog cov khoom siv, ib rab koob tshwj xeeb feem ntau siv los nkag rau hauv kab lis kev cai. Thaum sowing thiab reseeding yog nqa tawm, lawv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob ze ntawm lub nplaim taws ntawm lub gas burner. Rau qhov purity ntawm qhov kev sim, lub raj ntsuas yuav tsum tsis txhob qhib rau lub sijhawm ntev. Raws li rau cov cuab yeej nrog kab lis kev cai: koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias nws tsis kov dab tsi. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological muab rau hlawv cov npoo ntawm lub raj kuaj ua ntej kaw. Cov khoom tiav yuav tsum tau kos npe tam sim tom qab tsim khoom kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab yav tom ntej.

Sau efficiency

Kev kuaj kab mob bacteriological
Kev kuaj kab mob bacteriological

Nws ntseeg tias txoj kev no tso cai kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raug thiab txhim khu kev qha ntau dua thaum kuaj kab mob bacteriological dua li yav dhau los suav tias yog bacterioscopy. Hauv qhov no, algorithm ntawm kev ua yog raws li hauv qab no:

  1. Thaum pib, kab lis kev cai ntshiab yog smeared saum npoo ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab, uas yog nchuav rau hauv Petri tais.
  2. Kev cog qoob loo pib yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas zoo rau homkab mob.
  3. Tom qab ib hnub lossis ob hnub, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw pom kev zoo, txhua qhov chaw tsim nyog txav mus rau qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Qhov no tso lawv, yog li, los ntawm extraneous microflora.

Qhov kawg tshwm sim yog kab lis kev cai ntawm homogeneous kab mob uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau.

kab lis kev cai ntshiab

Tab sis lawv ua li cas? Rau qhov no, cov txheej txheem biological thiab mechanical yog siv. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub luag hauj lwm loj yog ua los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tshaj tawm, qhov twg muaj cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib qho kev coj noj coj ua. Ib txoj hauv kev kuj tuaj yeem siv tau thaum cov tsiaj kuaj tau raug rau ib hom kab mob kis. Cov txheej txheem siv tshuab yog ua raws li kev siv cov cuab yeej tsis muaj menyuam, uas cov kab lis kev cai tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig nyob rau hauv thawj, thib ob thiab thib peb Petri tais diav. Tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum ib tus neeg tuaj yeem loj hlob tuaj, thiab cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab yuav sawv tawm ntawm lawv. Cov kab mob kuj tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv cov ntsuas kub tshwj xeeb, qhov ntsuas kub tau tswj ntawm ib theem (feem ntau yog li 37 degrees). Hauv qhov no, cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus txog ib hnub. Tab sis, nyob ntawm hom kab mob, lwm cov ntsiab lus yuav raug tsim. Kuj tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov pa oxygen. Ua li no, siv ntau txoj kev ntawm aeration. Txog tam sim no, peb tau tham txog qhov xwm txheej tag nrho thiab feem ntau, tab sis tam sim no cia peb tsom mus rau qhov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological yog dab tsi.

Kev xyaum

tswv yimKev tshawb fawb bacteriological
tswv yimKev tshawb fawb bacteriological

Cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob kab mob hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg mob lossis tus neeg muaj peev xwm. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem siv nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsom xam, nrog rau cov xwm txheej ntawm ib puag ncig hauv kev ua haujlwm. Hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau cov kab mob tau kuaj pom los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntshav coj los ntawm tus neeg lossis tsiaj. Yog tias cov kab mob hauv zos tau txhais tau zoo, cov kab mob tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav hauv thaj chaw teeb meem. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov kab mob xws li mob plab, kab mob gonorrhea, kab mob diphtheria, thiab lwm yam. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav tshwj xeeb, cov txheej txheem no tau muab faib ua ntu ntu ntawm kev kuaj kab mob bacteriological (uas yog ib txwm muaj rau tus mob typhoid fever). Txhua tus ntawm lawv siv nws tus kheej txoj kev, uas yog tsom rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov ua rau kis tus kab mob. Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm qhov xwm txheej nrog tus mob typhoid fever. Nyob rau thawj lub lim tiam ntawm tus kab mob, txoj kev txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws los kuaj tus kab mob yog ntshav kab lis kev cai. Qhov thib ob, kev tshawb fawb serological yog suav tias yog qhov zoo li no. Hauv lub lim tiam thib peb, cov quav raug tshuaj xyuas. Txoj kev kawg yog suav tias yog kuaj xyuas cov neeg mob.

Kev txheeb xyuas kab mob microorganism

Nws pib nrog cov txheej txheem dyeing nws. Tom qab ntawd lawv saib yuav ua li cas cov kab mob tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov carbohydrates, amino acids, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ntxiv los ntawm kev kawm txog lwm yam khoom uas txhua tus neeg genus lossis hom kab mob muaj. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib cais erythrocytes ntawm ntau yam tsiaj, cov nyhuv ntawm cov ntshav plasma coagulation thiab cov ntshav txhaws yuav tsum tau muab.fibrin thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho cov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm microworld. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txheeb xyuas serological tuaj yeem siv rau kev lees paub zaum kawg (tab sis qhov no feem ntau cuam tshuam txog cov kab mob pathogenic uas nyob hauv cov hnyuv).

Zoo kawg

microscopic thiab bacteriological kuaj
microscopic thiab bacteriological kuaj

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muaj pes tsawg tus kab mob tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia hauv kab lus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev xyaum kis kab mob nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj kuaj yog dav siv. Kev suav yog tsim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus yam ntxwv toxigenicity lossis pathogenicity yuav tshwm sim, uas tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv dag zog. Kev kis kab mob kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib txoj hauv kev rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microbes. Thiab twb yog thaum cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kawm kab lis kev cai, pom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm txog lom, morphological, serological thiab biochemical zog, peb yuav hais tau hais tias nws yog paub hais tias hom microbes peb tau soj ntsuam nrog. Kev txheeb xyuas txhais tau tias yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm genus, hom thiab hom kab mob. Yog hais tias microorganism nyob rau hauv kev kawm deviates nyob rau hauv tej yam khoom los ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv yam ntxwv, ces qhov no yuav tsum tau qhia. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kws txawj ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yuav pab tau kom rov txheeb xyuas nrog duplication ntawm txhua txoj kev thiab cov tswv yim siv. Qee zaum kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau qib tom ntej, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom hnyav dua (thiab raug nqi ntau dua). Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo tau txais, qhov no qhia tau tias qhov kev npajmicroorganisms tsis tuaj los yog lawv tsis siv tau. Tab sis rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb, yog tias muaj tus lej ntawm cov kab mob bacillus raug xav tias (dysentery, diphtheria, typhoid fever), rov kuaj dua yog pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov kws tshaj lij muaj lub tswv yim tseeb ntawm qhov lawv yuav tsum tau ua.

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