Txij thaum yau, peb raug hais kom tsis txhob ua si nrog kev pom. Tseeb, lub qhov muag yog ib tug heev rhiab mechanism, uas yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj. Ib qho ntawm cov kab mob loj uas cuam tshuam nrog kev pom kev yog kev tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov muag. Nws yog dab tsi, yuav kho li cas thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tau li cas tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
retina yog dab tsi?
Ua ntej tham txog kev tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov muag, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias retina yog dab tsi. Nco qab txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig peb hauv tsev kawm theem qis: lub retina yog ib feem ntawm peb lub qhov muag uas lub lens xa cov duab. Lub retina pom qhov nws pom, hloov nws mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha impulses, xa mus rau lub hlwb - thiab peb to taub tias peb pom ib tug nyuj, ib tug kua los yog ib lub TV. Hauv lwm lo lus, retina yog ib txheej nyias ntawm lub qhov muag, nyias nyias, uas yog thawj zaug tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov pom kev pom ntawm ib qho khoom. Nws ua raws li ib yam ntawm "courier", ib tug transmitter ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - nws tau txais los ntawm sab nraud thiab xa nws ntxiv, mus rau lub hlwb.
Lub retina muaj cov qauv nyuaj heev - nws muaj ntau li kaum txheej txheej, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov uas, tej zaum, yog thawj ob - pigment epithelium (lub luag haujlwm rauKev nkag mus ntawm qee yam tshuaj rau hauv retina los ntawm capillaries) thiab photoreceptors, lossis, hauv lwm lo lus, rods thiab cones. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov qub, peb muaj peev xwm pom nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, lawv yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov xim dub thiab dawb. Pab tom kawg kom pom tag nrho cov xim ntau xim, lawv ua haujlwm hauv lub teeb ci.
Retinal detachment: yog dab tsi?
Yog li, retina tau txais thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov peb pom. Tag nrho kaum txheej ntawm retina (xws li rods thiab cones) koom nrog hauv qhov no. Tab sis nws tshwm sim hais tias cov photoreceptors yog cais los ntawm cov pigment epithelium txheej. Qhov no tshwm sim yog cov kua accumulates ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Hauv qhov no, nws nkag mus rau lwm cov txheej txheem ntawm retina. Vim li no, txheej txheej ntawm retina tsis tau txais kev noj haus, qhov muag poob qhov muag. Yog li, retinal detachment yog ib yam kab mob loj uas, yog tias tsis saib xyuas lub sijhawm, tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag.
Tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lo lus "retinal detachment" tau pib siv hauv tshuaj, tab sis qhov kev kuaj mob no tsis tuaj yeem tsim vim tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau lwm xyoo thiab ib nrab xyoo. Tam sim no nws paub tias cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm myopia, ntshav qab zib mellitus lossis kab mob vascular, nrog rau cov neeg uas raug mob qhov muag, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm kev tsim tus kab mob no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev puas tsuaj rau lub qhov muag tau tshwm sim hauv kwv yees li 6% ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib cais ua rau kev sib cais.
Types of retinal detachment
Muaj 5 hom kev tshem tawmretina: raug mob, traction, exudative, thawj lossis theem nrab. Thawj detachment tshwm sim vim retinal rupture, theem nrab - vim yog txhua yam inflammatory dab nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag, nrog rau cov qog. Thiab kev puas tsuaj yog, raws li lub npe qhia, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muag raug mob. Ib qho exudative detachment yog hu ua thaum lub retina tsis tawg, tab sis cov kua tau sau nyob rau hauv nws. Thaum kawg, traction detachment yog ib qho uas muaj qhov nro ntawm retina.
Kev paub meej tias hom retinal detachment tshwm sim yog qhov tsim nyog rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, vim qhov no yuav pab txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob ntxiv.
Vim li cas retina tev tawm?
Qhov ua rau ntawm qhov muag pom yog qhov yooj yim thiab banal. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog retinal so, uas twb tau hais saum toj no. Cov khoob no tshwm sim vim qhov mob ntawm lub qhov muag daim nyias nyias, myopia hnyav, hemorrhages hauv lub qhov muag, hnyav lub cev, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev raug mob ntawm qhov muag tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag tsis pom kev - txawm tias nws tau ntev dhau los, tom qab ib ntus nws tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej hnov. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem hauv lub sijhawm thiab tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntau dua, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho qhov muag tsis tu ncua. Los ntawm txoj kev, tus neeg laus dua, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm retinal detachment ntau dua. Thiab yog tias tus neeg mob muaj teeb meem zoo sib xws hauv ib lub qhov muag, muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau ntawm kev tsim tus kab mob nyob rau lwm qhov.
Symptoms
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim? Muaj ob peb lub cim tseeb. Ua ntej, cov tsos mob ntawm retinal detachment nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem yog raws li nram no:hu ua lub teeb phenomena - sparks, flashes pib flicker ua ntej lub qhov muag. Qhov no qhia tias cov photoreceptors khaus. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tsis txhob nco cov teeb liab no thiab hu rau tus kws tshaj lij hauv lub sijhawm. Lwm cov tsos mob ntawm retinal detachment yog floating voj voog, dots, ib daim ntaub thaiv ntawm lub qhov muag. Qhov no yog lub cim ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm retina. Feem ntau cov cim qhia tau tshwm sim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tab sis nws tshwm sim tias qhov tshwm sim yog ob peb hnub ua ntej ntawm lub voj voog.
Dab tsi ntxiv? Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias koj tsis xyuam xim rau cov teeb liab xa los ntawm lub cev thiab tsis quav ntsej lawv, retinal detachment yuav vam meej. Maj mam nws yuav hnyav dua. Ib daim ntaub yuav tshwm sim ua ntej koj ob lub qhov muag - ua ntej ntawm ob sab, yog li ntawd peripheral tsis pom kev, ces nws yuav kis mus rau tag nrho lub qhov muag. Cov tsos mob ntawm retinal detachment kuj muaj xws li poob ntawm kev pom kev pom - txhua yam yuav pib plooj ua ntej lub qhov muag, cov khoom yuav poob lawv cov qauv, ua fuzzy, ghostly. Tag nrho cov no ua rau qhov phem tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau qhov pom - tag nrho qhov muag tsis pom.
Los ntawm thawj kos npe mus rau qhov kawg nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau lub hlis, lossis tej zaum ib lub lim tiam. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov muag pom tshwm sim lossis qhov muag raug mob. Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum sawv ntxov, txawm tias tom qab retinal detachment, lub zeem muag yog zoo dua thaum yav tsaus ntuj - tag nrho vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm kab rov tav (yog tias koj pw ntawm koj sab nraub qaum), cov kua hauv lub qhov muag yog me ntsis absorbed, cia lub retina rau ib nrab. rov qab los rau nws qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tshwm sim tsuas yog thawj hnub tom qab kev tshem tawm - yog tias qhov xwm txheej rub tawm, lub retina twb yog lawm.tau ploj lawm thiab pw tsis tau nws tus kheej.
Kev kuaj mob detachment
Xav tias ib tug neeg xav tias ib tug retinal detachment. Yuav ua li cas, yuav ua li cas? Tam sim ntawd khiav mus rau tus kws kho mob rau kev ntsuam xyuas - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, los ntawm kev kuaj mob, koj tuaj yeem lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov kev ntshai uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov kev kuaj pom ua ntej, qhov zoo dua - raws li tau hais tseg, kev ntsuas raws sijhawm yuav pab kom tau los ntawm cov ntshav me me thiab txuag koj qhov muag.
Thaum kuaj qhov muag, tus neeg mob qhov chaw pom kev yuav raug tshuaj xyuas txhawm rau ntsuas lub xeev ntawm retina nyob rau sab nraud; tshuaj xyuas cov fundus, txiav txim siab qhov pom kev pom, paub seb cov paj hlwb ntawm retina zoo li cas; ntsuas intraocular siab thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kuaj mob, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog suav tias yog ophthalmoscopy (kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub fundus). Txoj kev kuaj mob no feem ntau txiav txim siab seb puas muaj kev ua txhaum cai, thiab yog tias muaj, hom twg nws yog.
Retinal detachment: kho
Yog li, qhov kev kuaj mob yog qhov tseeb - detachment. Tam sim no xav tau kev kho mob. Yuav zoo li cas?
Muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob. Thawj yog pej xeem txoj kev, qhov thib ob yog kev cuam tshuam kev phais. Peb yuav tham txog cov tshuaj kho pej xeem qis me ntsis, tab sis rau tam sim no, peb yuav tsum nyob ntawm ntau yam kev phais kom ntxaws ntxiv. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog tso cai rau retina ua raws li cov ntaub so ntswg tsim nyog ntawm lub qhov muag, uas yog, rov qab mus rau nws qhov chaw. Cov hau kev no suav nrog, piv txwv li, kev kho laser, uas ntxiv dag zog rau retina thiab txwv cov kua muag.
Kev kho cov retinal detachment kuj ua tau nrog kev pab ntawm vitrectomy - qhov no yog tshem tawm ntawm lub cev vitreous ntawm lub qhov muag thiab kev qhia ib ntus ntawm cov roj tshwj xeeb los txhawb cov retinal reattachment. Lwm txoj kev phais yog qhov khov ntawm qhov puas retina, uas yog hu ua gluing ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws rupture. Txoj kev no yog kev tshawb fawb hu ua cryopexy.
Nrog kev pab ntawm sclerotherapy, ib daim ntawm cov yas elastic yog muab tso rau ntawm txheej txheej ntawm lub qhov muag txhawm rau txhawm rau txo qhov siab ntawm retina thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg tshiab. Thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm retinopexy tso cai rau koj los qhia huab cua rau hauv lub qhov muag, uas tiv thaiv cov kua dej hauv qab qhov chaw puas ntawm retina.
Laser kho mob
Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm kev kho laser. Lub laser tsim adhesions ntawm retina thiab choroid, hlawv lub retina nrog lub teeb. Kev tshawb fawb, txoj kev no hu ua laser coagulation. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog (raws li txoj cai, lub zos tshuaj loog yog muab - ib tug tshuaj loog yog instilled nyob rau hauv ib tug tov). Kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li hauv qab no: lub lens tshwj xeeb peb sab yog muab tso rau ntawm lub qhov muag, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem npaj mus rau txhua qhov ntawm lub fundus. Lub laser yog coj mus rau qhov tsim nyog qhov chaw, tshem tawm cov kua muag, fastening lub retina thiab choroid.
Txawm hais tias kev ua haujlwm yuav siv sijhawm luv luv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm adhesions tseem siv sijhawm li ob lub lis piam los ua kom muaj zog. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, kev ua haujlwm retinal detachment tau pom tias ua tiav.
Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum yognpaj rau muaj teeb meem. Qhov no tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, tsuas yog tias thaj chaw kho mob loj dhau (thiab tom qab ntawd qhov no tsis tsim nyog). Nrog kev kho kom haum, cov teeb meem no tsis yog qhov loj thiab ploj mus ob peb hnub.
Laser cuam tshuam tsis yog rau kev kho mob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog rau kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub npe hu ua kev pheej hmoo - uas yog, cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm retinal detachment. Tom qab cov txheej txheem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus ntsib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv ntawm fundus. Yog tias koj niaj hnub ua cov kev siv yooj yim no, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim tus kab mob yuav txo qis heev.
Peev tawm haujlwm
Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob sai dua, qhov yuav ua rau muaj kev kho ntau tshaj plaws thiab kev cuam tshuam zoo. Cov kws tshaj lij ceeb toom tias nws muaj peev xwm rov ua kom pom kev tsis pom kev tag nrho thiab tsuas yog tias lub qhov muag pom tsis tau mus txog qhov chaw. Txwv tsis pub, kev pom kev yuav tsis zoo ib yam.
Ua ntej ua haujlwm, yuav tsum tau xeem. Qhov no yog ua tiav cov ntshav suav, hom ntshav thiab Rh yam, kuaj ntshav biochemical, kuaj HIV, kuaj zis, cardiogram, fluorography. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog cov kws kho mob nqaim: kws kho hniav, kws kho mob otolaryngologist, kws kho mob endocrinologist (yog tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib lossis cov thyroid teeb meem), nrog rau tus kws kho mob. Yog tias koj tau sau npe nrog kws kho mob paj hlwb, kws kho mob dermatologist thiab cov kws kho mob zoo sib xws, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib lawv thiab.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev phais kho qhov muag tau ua tau yog tias ntau tshaj ib xyoos tsis tau dhau mus txij li qhov tsis pom kev tsis zoo. Hloov chaw, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov kev cuam tshuam tom qab, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg yuav lav qhov rov qab los ntawm kev pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Tsis tas li qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm retinal detachment, myopia lossis astigmatism feem ntau nce. Hauv qee kis, muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab - detachment tshwm sim dua. Kev ua haujlwm thib ob, hmoov tsis, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Txhua qhov kev phais mob rau lub qhov muag tsis pom kev yog qhov tsis mob, txij li, raws li tau hais lawm, nws tau ua nrog tshuaj loog. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv txhua tus muaj kev nyab xeeb, vim tias cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm zoo li no yog qhov tseeb. Thiab, tej zaum, qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv yog tias lawv luv luv, lawv tsis tas yuav nyob ruaj khov. Qhov nruab nrab, kev phais lub qhov muag yuav kav ntev li plaub caug feeb mus rau ib teev thiab ib nrab.
After surgery
Tsis pub dhau ib hlis tom qab kev cuam tshuam, nws tsis pom zoo kom mus da dej, sauna lossis pas dej ua ke. Nyob ntawm seb qhov kev ua haujlwm yog dab tsi thiab nyuaj npaum li cas, kev ua si lub cev kuj raug txwv - tsawg kawg rau ib hlis, rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsawg kawg ib hnub tom qab kev ua haujlwm, yuav tsum tau muab lub txaj so (los ntawm txoj kev, nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ua ntej tus txheej txheem).
Tus kws kho mob yuav sau cov tshuaj tsim nyog, uas yuav tsum tau noj yam tsis muaj kev poob qis. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsis yooj yim rau lean rau pem hauv ntej, koj yuav tsum tau tswj hwm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub taub hau tas li,hnav looj tsom iav dub. Nws raug nquahu kom saib xyuas kom tsis txhob raug mob khaub thuas.
Tsis txhob xav tias thaum koj qhib koj lub qhov muag tom qab kev phais, ib tug neeg yuav pib pom zoo li qub, lossis tsawg kawg zoo dua. Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm kev pom kev ua haujlwm yuav siv sijhawm qee lub sijhawm, raws li txoj cai, txawm tias ob peb lub hlis.
Txoj kev ua neeg
Kev kho neeg pej xeem yuav tsum suav nrog txhua yam kev sib koom ua ke, compresses, kua txiv thiab decoctions, tshuaj ntsuab infusions thiab lwm yam. Hmoov tsis zoo, txawm tias ntau npaum li cas tib neeg ntseeg txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no, lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis muaj zog hauv kev kho cov kab mob retinal detachment.
qhov muag te, tshuaj suav tshuaj, acupuncture, qhov muag tawm dag zog, thiab lwm yam yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Retinal detachment yog ib yam kab mob loj uas tsuas yog tshem tau los ntawm kev phais thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Tseem paub ntev lawm tias nws yooj yim dua los tiv thaiv kab mob dua li kho nws. Thiab txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm retina, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob qhov muag tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis. Yog tias qhov muag raug mob, kev soj ntsuam ntxiv los ntawm kws kho mob yog qhov tsim nyog.
Npaj qhov tseeb
- tib neeg qhov muag hnyav kwv yees li 7 grams.
- Qhov muag tsis tshua muaj xim ntsuab yog ntsuab (tsuas yog 2% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb no muaj nws).
- Thiab tsuas yog 1% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem tuaj yeem khav ntawm ntau lub qhov muag.
- Peb ntsais txhua 4 vib nas this.
- Lub pob txha ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag yog qhov txaus ntshai heevshark qhov muag cornea.
- Ib tug neeg perceives tsuas liab, daj thiab xiav xim, tus so yog ib tug ua ke ntawm cov saum toj no.
- Aphakia yog kab mob uas tus neeg tsis muaj lens.
- Yog ib tug neeg ntshai qhov muag, hu ua ommatophobia.
- Cov menyuam mos yug tshiab pom kwv yees li ntawm 30-40 centimeters: nws nyob ntawm qhov deb no uas tus niam lub ntsej muag nyob ntawm lawv ob lub qhov muag thaum pub niam mis.
- Qhov muag daj yog xiav, xim ua rau xim av.
Peb ob lub qhov muag pab peb ncaj ncees, tab sis yuav tsum tau ceev faj tus cwj pwm thiab saib xyuas. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob quav ntsej lawv yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog kev pom.
