Kev kho mob pleoptic yog siv hauv kev kho mob ophthalmology. Cov ceg ntawm cov tshuaj no cuam tshuam nrog pathologies ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau pathologies yog amblyopia.
Qhov no yog pathology ntawm lub zeem muag tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov muag tsom, uas tsis tuaj yeem kho nrog tsom iav. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum tau kho pleoptic, uas yuav pab tshem tawm cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm.
Ntawm amblyopia
Amblyopia raws li ICD 10 muaj tus lej H53.0. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm unilateral tsis pom kev. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog cov duab fuzzy, clouding ntawm lub qhov muag, qhov muag tsis pom kev. Cov kws kho mob paub qhov txawv ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab amblyopia. Thawj yog tsim txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam thiab qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub qhov muag. Secondary tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm ntau yam qhov muag pathologies. Cov laj thawj feem ntau yog nyob ntawm tus kab mob uas ua rau pom kev tsis pom kev.
Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus, amblyopia tshwm sim vim strabismus, vim qhov no, cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug tau txais hauvhlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab yuav tsum muaj xws li:
- prematurity;
- tus me nyuam hnyav dhau;
- retinopathy;
- cerebral palsy;
- kev puas hlwb;
Txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev haus luam yeeb amblyopia thaum cev xeeb tub, siv tshuaj thiab haus cawv.
Qhov tseem ceeb, tus kab mob no tshwm sim thaum yau, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub txog nws txoj kev kawm raws sijhawm thiab ua tiav kev kho mob.
History of pleoptics
Pleoptic kev kho mob ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag tau siv sijhawm ntev. Rov qab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ophthalmologists xav txog qhov teeb meem ntawm strabismus. Tau ntev, occlusion ntawm ib lub qhov muag tsuas yog siv los kho. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom pom kev pom hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5-6 xyoo.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kho mob pleoptic siv ntau yam stimuli uas txhawb nqa lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov pom tsis zoo. Rau kev kho mob, ntau yam khoom siv tau siv. Cov tswv yim zoo li no muaj ntau yam zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho cov menyuam yaus.
Indications thiab contraindications
Kev kho mob pleoptic thiab orthooptic muaj qee yam qhia thiab contraindications uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, feem ntau cov teeb meem tsis pom kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog kev kho qhov muag nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej, raws li lawv cob qhia cov leeg ntawm lub qhov muag. Tsuas yogTsis tas li ntawd, cov teeb meem tsis pom kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus thiab lawv yuav tsum raug tshem tawm sai li sai tau. Ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob pleoptic, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia txog cov kev mob xws li:
- strabismus;
- amblyopia;
- asthenopia;
- presbyopia;
- kev ua txhaum ntawm chaw nyob;
- retinal defects;
- optic paj hlwb atrophy.
Cov txheej txheem no yuav pab kom nce qib ntawm qhov pom kev pom, txhawb nqa cov leeg ntawm lub qhov muag. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias cov tswv yim zoo li no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tsuas yog hauv thawj theem ntawm cov kab mob.
Kev kho mob Pleoptic kuj muaj qee yam contraindications uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Contraindications rau laser stimulation muaj xws li:
- kab mob ntshav;
- xeeb tub;
- mob ntshav siab;
- muaj qog nqaij hlav;
- mob plawv nres lossis mob stroke.
Hluav taws xob stimulation kuj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm contraindications. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua cov txheej txheem raws li cov xwm txheej xws li:
- qhov muag kab mob;
- mob vwm;
- malignant neoplasms;
- mob ntshav qab zib.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav txim siab zaum kawg txog kho qhov muag kho vajtse yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob tom qab kuaj pom.
Diagnostics
Ua ntej kev kho mob pleoptic, yuav tsum muaj kev kuaj mob dav dav ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag. Thaum kuaj xyuas lub qhov muag, tus kws kho mob ntsuas qhov mob ntawm daim tawv muag, qhov muagqhov sib txawv, thiab tseem ntsuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv mus rau qhov kaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv tiav txog lub xeev ntawm kev pom kev yog tau txais los ntawm kev kuaj mob ophthalmological tshwj xeeb. Nyob ntawm theem ntawm nws qhov txo qis, qib ntawm pathology yog txiav txim siab.
Ophthalmoscopy, kev tshuaj xyuas fundus, biomicroscopy yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tus qauv ntawm lub qhov muag. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov pom tseeb ntawm qhov nruab nrab refractive, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag hauv lub teeb kis tau ua tiav. Nrog rau qhov opacity ntawm ib puag ncig, lawv tus mob raug tshuaj xyuas siv ultrasound.
Electroretinography thiab tonometry yuav tsum suav nrog hauv kev kuaj xyuas. Yog tias tsim nyog, kev sab laj nrog kws kho mob hlwb yuav tsum tau.
Txoj kev kho mob
Tsuas yog thaum ntxov thiab ib tus neeg xaiv kev kho qhov muag pleoptic muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev kho yog pom zoo ua ntej hnub nyoog 6-7 xyoo, txij li thaum lub hnub nyoog laus dua nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem kho.
Qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev kho qhov muag kho qhov muag feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim. Yeej, kev kho mob yog nqa tawm siv txoj kev conservative. Laser kho tau zoo heev.
Tom qab 3 lub lis piam, kev kho qhov muag pleotic hauv cov menyuam yaus tau raug sau tseg, uas pab kom pom kev pom. Active thiab passive pleoptics yog siv los kho amblyopia. Cov kev kho mob pleoptic yuav tsum tau rov ua dua 3-4 zaug hauv ib xyoos.
Laser stimulation
Kev kho qhov muag pleoptic niaj hnub rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus muaj kev txhawb nqa laser. Thaum siv tsawghluav taws xob nkoos lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag. Qhov no ua rau normalization ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic, microcirculation, nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes, lub zog ntawm cov hlwb.
Kev kho mob nrog lub ntsej muag laser stimulation ntaus ntawv cuam tshuam nrog lub teeb liab thiab infrared. Pulsed hluav taws xob feem ntau siv.
Rau qhov raug, lub xeem-1 apparatus yog siv. Nws muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj zog impulse nyhuv thiab tso cai rau koj los tsim ib qho tshwj xeeb microstructure ntawm alternating tsaus thiab lub teeb me ntsis. Cov cuab yeej "Amblyospeckl RL-1" tsis yog siv rau kev kho mob ntawm amblyopia nkaus xwb. Nws kuj yog siv dav los tshuaj xyuas qhov ua yuam kev refractive.
Kev txhawb zog hluav taws xob
Kev kho mob ntawm strabismus yog ua los ntawm hluav taws xob stimulation. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog uas cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb, kev hnov lus lossis cov leeg ntawm lub qhov muag. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov ntshav ncig, kev coj ua thiab rov ua kom rov qab ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem metabolic yog normalized.
Thaum ua hluav taws xob stimulation, qhov pom kev pom tau nce zuj zus, thaj chaw ntawm kev pom nthuav dav, xim thiab lub teeb rhiab heev, thiab cov tsos mob uas twb muaj lawm txo qis.
Lub teeb stimulation
Kev kho qhov muag Pleoptic hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm lub cuab yeej suav nrog kev txhawb nqa lub teeb. Rau qhov no, txaus stimuli ntawm monochromatic thiab polychromatic teeb yog siv. Thaum nthuav tawm ncaj qha mus rau thaj tsam nruab nrab ntawm retina, nws pib ua kom nquag plias.muaj nuj nqi ntawm tag nrho cov duab tsom xam.
ASO-1 apparatus yog siv dav heev. Thaum nws yog siv, muaj ib tug rhiab nyhuv ntawm lub hom phiaj lub teeb nthwv dej uas yog tsim los ntawm lub teeb qhov muag teev ua rau hauv lub thav duab.
Macular stimulator CEM-CT activates tag nrho cov theem ntawm optical xaav ntawm lub qhov muag vim tshwj xeeb stimulation. Cov cuab yeej PS-1 yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev kho mob yog nqa tawm nrog lub hom phiaj lub teeb flux.
Xim stimulation yog nqa tawm siv lub cuab yeej "Mosaic PS-2". Nws muaj lub kaleidoscope thiab ib qho album nrog ntau yam xim mosaic qauv. Lub photostimulator pab qhia cov leeg oculomotor.
Cov khoom siv li no txhawb nqa lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, sequential visual dluab yog ntxiv siv. Kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob nrog cov cuab yeej zoo li no ua rau muaj qhov pom kev nce ntxiv hauv 50-60% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Lwm yam kev kho mob
Phosphenstimulation yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, lub zog tam sim no raug xaiv raws li tus neeg tsis muaj. Kev cuam tshuam yog nqa tawm los ntawm daim tawv muag. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv cov khoom siv xws li "Phosfen-Mini", "Phosfen-1", "Phosfen-2", "AiNUR-03".
Thaum ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus, siv qhov chaw sib hloov, tas li thiab mem tes. Lawv muaj anti-inflammatory, analgesic thiab anti-edematous teebmeem. Magnetotherapy pab ua kom cov ntshav khiav ceev nrog rau qhov loj ntawm capillaries. Vim li no, cov txheej txheem trophic thiab metabolic zoo li qub, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag tau rov qab los.
Kev siv tau zoophysiotherapy yog suav tias yog vibrostimulation. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tshwj xeeb vibrotherapeutic apparatus yog siv, uas xa mechanical vibrations los ntawm daim tawv muag.
Ortho- thiab kho pleoptic yog ua nrog kev pab ntawm reflexology. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem inhibitory thiab excitatory ntawm lub hlwb rov qab los. Thaum tus txheej txheem, tus kws kho mob ua rau cov ntsiab lus acupuncture. Rau qhov no, thermal, electromagnetic, hluav taws xob cuam tshuam yog siv.
Computer stimulation
cov tswv yim txhawb nqa khoos phis tawj yog siv rau amblyopia. Cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no pab txhawb kev kho ib txwm muaj. Lub khoos phis tawj muab cov teeb meem me ntsis ntawm cov stimuli cuam tshuam rau ntau txoj hauv kev thiab qib ntawm qhov pom kev tsom xam.
Kev siv cov kev pab cuam pab kho mob amblyopia. Muaj ntau ntau yam kev pab tshwj xeeb. Lub EYE stimulator muaj xws li Shooting Range thiab Chase ce. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub ntsiab stimulus maj mam txo nyob rau hauv loj, nws cov xim hloov, vim hais tias lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub retina yog activated. Ci ntsa iab ntawm lub teeb txhim kho qhov muag pom kev, pom kev.
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam "Hloov" qhov chaw ua si yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm chessboard. Nws cov hlwb hloov xim thiab maj mam txo. Ib tug neeg pom ib tug ntoo khaub lig, thiab kuj txav ib lub voj voog me me hla lub virtual teb. Cov xim hauv nws kuj hloov. Vim li no, cov neurons ntawm ob lub qhov muag tau stimulated.
Program "Spider" pab txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm retina raulos ntawm kev txiav txim siab radial thiab kauv gratings. Cov qauv tuaj yeem yog xiav, dub thiab dawb, liab lossis ntsuab. Qhov kev pab cuam nyem yog tsim los rau kev kho mob amblyopia. Nws txhais tau hais tias muaj cov qauv stimulation nrog ib tug ntse poob hauv duab ntxoov ntxoo thiab lub teeb.
Amblyocor yog pob software tag nrho. Qhov no pib lub voj voog vicious ntawm cov txheej txheem lom neeg. Yog tias qhov pom kev pom tsis zoo me ntsis, qhov screen yuav tua tam sim ntawd. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua raws li cov thev naus laus zis uas normalizes kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov pom kev tsom xam.
kev kho mob
Txhawm rau kom ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem pleoptic, tshuaj yuav tsum tau suav nrog hauv cov kev kho mob. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj uas pab normalize metabolic, neurotransmission, thiab trophic txheej txheem. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo yog muab los ntawm cov tshuaj nootropic, tshwj xeeb, xws li Mildronate, Piracetam, Phezam.
Ntxiv rau, thaum kho amblyopia, kev cob qhia kev pab yuav tsum tau ua. Txoj kev ntawm occlusion yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Nws txhais tau hais tias ib ntus tsis suav nrog lub qhov muag noj qab haus huv los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis pom kev. Rau qhov no, siv ntau hom occluders.
Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj pej xeem thiab cov tswv yim los pab txhim kho qhov pom kev pom. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej siv lawv, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
Huab cua
Kev kho mob Pleoptic tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas feem ntauzoo, txij li cov txheej txheem no muaj ib tug zoo prognosis. Thaum tsis muaj peev xwm kho mob, amblyopia tau nce mus tas li, nws thiaj li ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsis pom kev thiab tsis pom kev. Hauv qhov no, txawm tias qhov muag tsis pom kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom pom tseeb.
Nrog rau kev kho raws sijhawm, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev kho kom zoo ntawm lub zeem muag, tab sis qee zaum ntau tshaj li ib xyoos dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm kuaj mob kom kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg mob yau dua, nws txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho tau zoo. Nrog rau hnub nyoog, nws ua ntau thiab nyuaj kom tau lub retina ntawm lub qhov muag kom ua haujlwm ib txwm. Qhov kev kwv yees zaum kawg hauv txhua kis yog nyob ntawm ntau yam sib txawv.
prophylaxis
Kev Tiv Thaiv amblyopia txhais tau hais tias kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 1 hlis. Yog tias pom qhov pom ntawm lub qhov muag crystal, strabismus, ptosis, yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ntxov ntawm qhov tsis xws luag.
Cov txiaj ntsig ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm kho tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav cov kev kho mob tag nrho thiab ua raws li cov tshuaj kws kho qhov muag. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua.
