Myocarditis hauv tus menyuam: kev kuaj mob, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob. Children's Cardiology Center

Cov txheej txheem:

Myocarditis hauv tus menyuam: kev kuaj mob, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob. Children's Cardiology Center
Myocarditis hauv tus menyuam: kev kuaj mob, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob. Children's Cardiology Center

Video: Myocarditis hauv tus menyuam: kev kuaj mob, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob. Children's Cardiology Center

Video: Myocarditis hauv tus menyuam: kev kuaj mob, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob. Children's Cardiology Center
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Myocarditis hauv tus menyuam feem ntau tau kuaj pom hauv kev kho mob niaj hnub no. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tam sim ntawd tias tus kab mob no txaus ntshai thiab, yog tias tsis kho, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Yog vim li ntawd ntau tus niam txiv xav paub txog tus kab mob no. Vim li cas tus mob no tshwm sim txawm nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos thiab cov tsos mob dab tsi yuav tsum tau them rau? Txoj kev kho zoo li cas thiab qhov kev mob tshwm sim rau cov neeg mob hluas yog dab tsi?

Tus yam ntxwv thiab yam ntxwv ntawm tus kabmob

Lo lus "myocarditis" txhais tau tias yog ib tus kab mob uas muaj nrog cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub plawv cov leeg. Tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv. Myocarditis nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam los yog ib tug hluas yuav tsis pom muaj tsawg.

myocarditis nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam
myocarditis nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam

Qhov ua rau mob myocardial puas tsuaj tuaj yeem sib txawv, xws li nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tus kab mob thiab xaus nrogkev tsis haum tshuaj loj thiab intoxications. Feem ntau, qhov mob tsis yog tsuas yog lub plawv cov leeg xwb, tab sis kuj cov qauv nyob sib ze, suav nrog pericardium, cov hlab ntsha thiab lwm yam kabmob.

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm myocarditis

Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov mob ntawm lub plawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog yuav luag txhua hom kab mob paub:

  • Feem ntau, "tus neeg ua txhaum" ntawm myocarditis yog cov kab mob - adenoviruses, Coxsackie enteroviruses, nrog rau parvoviruses, cytomegalovirus, kab mob siab thiab kab mob khaub thuas.
  • Kab mob ntawm myocardium qee zaum muaj cov kab mob keeb kwm. Tus kab mob no tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm tuberculosis, brucellosis, kab mob meningitis. Cov txheej txheem inflammatory tshwm sim thaum tus kab mob streptococcal tau qhib.
  • Kev swb ntawm lub cev los ntawm rickettsia feem ntau ua rau mob plawv. Cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai suav nrog Q ua npaws, typhus, thiab Rocky Mountain fever.
  • Pathogenic fungi, tshwj xeeb, fungi ntawm genus Candida, tuaj yeem ua tus kab mob.
  • Tseem muaj cov protozoan myocarditis tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm toxoplasmosis, malaria, leishmaniasis.
  • Helminths (Echinococcus, Trichinella) kuj ua rau mob.
  • Tseem muaj tshuaj lom myocarditis tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj arsenic, mercury, carbon monoxide.
  • Qee zaum tus kab mob no tshwm sim thaum noj tshuaj, tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis kev tswj hwm ntawm sera.
myocarditis nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
myocarditis nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
  • yam uas pheej hmoo muaj xws li nab thiab kab tom.
  • Lub cev cuam tshuam, piv txwv li,hnyav hypothermia, overheating, raug ionizing hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub cev kuj provokes ib tug inflammatory txheej txheem.
  • Lwm yam muaj feem yuav muaj xws li kab mob lupus erythematosus, mob caj dab rheumatoid thiab lwm yam kab mob autoimmune.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, muaj ntau qhov laj thawj vim li cas myocarditis tshwm sim. Kev kuaj mob yuav tsum suav nrog kev tshawb nrhiav tus kab mob thawj zaug, vim tias txoj kev kho tau zoo nyob ntawm qhov no.

Cov qauv thiab ntau yam ntawm tus kab mob

Muaj ntau yam kev faib tawm rau tus kab mob no. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob nyob ntawm qhov ua rau twb tau txiav txim siab saum toj no. Tab sis thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob, cov kws tshaj lij tau saib xyuas lwm yam:

  • Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog kab mob, ces myocarditis tuaj yeem mob, mob lossis subacute.
  • Nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav, tus kab mob tuaj yeem mob me, nruab nrab lossis hnyav.
  • Tus kws kho mob kuj tau saib xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kho mob - hauv cov menyuam yaus koj tuaj yeem pom ib qho kev mob tshwm sim, nrog rau kev tshem tawm thiab asymptomatic.
  • Qhov kev sib kis ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory kuj tseem ceeb - qhov no, focal (muaj ib qho kev sib cais, ib cheeb tsam ntawm kev mob) thiab diffuse myocarditis (cov kab mob txuas mus rau tag nrho cov leeg) yog qhov txawv.
diffuse myocarditis
diffuse myocarditis

mob myocarditis tshwm sim hauv menyuam yaus li cas? Cov theem tseem ceeb

Myocarditis hauv tus menyuam muaj ntau theem - peb theem yog qhov txawv ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub:

  1. Viraemia theem - kab mob kis (los yoglwm yam kab mob) nkag mus rau hauv myocardium. Ua ntej, lawv tau tsau rau saum npoo ntawm cov leeg nqaij, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv myocytes. Nyob rau theem no, kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tau pom, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev nce synthesis thiab tso tawm ntawm interferon.
  2. Autoimmune theem, nyob rau hauv uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob plawv uas sib sau hauv myocardium nce, cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau nws txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau tib theem, inflammatory mediators tau qhib. Muaj kev puas tsuaj rau microvessels.
  3. Yog tias txoj kev kho mob zoo, ces muaj qhov txo qis hauv edema thiab tsim cov chaw fibrous ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Yog tias txoj kev kho tsis tau muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo (lossis tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav), tus kab mob yuav mob ntev. Nrog rau mob ntev, cov teeb meem maj mam tshwm sim, suav nrog lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, cardiomegaly, thiab cardiosclerosis.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab kuaj tus menyuam pab tus kws kho mob kom paub txog cov kab mob, nws ua rau, nrog rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob - tsuas yog tom qab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem kos cov kev kho mob zoo tiag tiag. nce.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob tshiab

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob nyob ntawm ntau yam - ntawm no nws tsim nyog xav txog lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam, keeb kwm thiab hom kab mob. Myocarditis yog qhov mob hnyav tshaj plaws hauv cov menyuam mos. Tus me nyuam maj mam nce qhov hnyav, ua tsaug zog thiab tsis ua haujlwm, txawm tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev pub mis rau nws nkees heev. Tus menyuam daim tawv nqaij daj ntseg, feem ntau ua grey.

menyuam yauscardiology chaw
menyuam yauscardiology chaw

Lwm cov tsos mob yog ua tsis taus pa. Ua ntej, nws tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm - tus menyuam ua pa sai thiab hnyav thaum hloov khaub ncaws, da dej, tso quav, pub mis. Raws li tus kab mob loj tuaj, ua pa nyuaj tuaj yeem pom txawm tias thaum so. Vim lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, edema tshwm - qee zaum lawv hais tau zoo heev, vim qhov hnyav ntawm tus menyuam nce siab heev. Kev tshuaj xyuas tus menyuam pom lub siab thiab tus po.

Ntawm daim duab kho mob hauv tus menyuam laus dua ob xyoos

Nyob rau cov menyuam yaus, daim duab kho mob zoo li txawv. Tsis pub dhau 2-3 lub lis piam tom qab thawj kab mob, myocarditis tsis tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li:

  • daim tawv nqaij;
  • qaug zog, qaug zog, kub taub hau;
  • poob qab los thiab, raws li, poob phaus;
  • mob hauv cov leeg thiab pob qij txha, thiab qee zaum hauv plab;
  • raws li tus kab mob no tshwm sim, cov menyuam yaus pib yws ntawm qhov mob hauv plawv;
  • ua tsis taus pa thiab palpitations tshwm.
kev ntsuam xyuas tus menyuam
kev ntsuam xyuas tus menyuam

Myocarditis: kuaj mob

Nrog rau tus kab mob no, kev kuaj mob kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nrog ib tug me nyuam, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus cuag cov me nyuam lub plawv plawv. Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua kom kuaj tau:

  • Pib nrog, kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus menyuam thiab niam txiv tau ua tiav los ua qhov tsis zoo,txiav txim seb muaj qee yam tsos mob.
  • Tam sim no thaum kuaj, tus kws kho mob yuav xav tias myocarditis - tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb saib pallor, txawm tias cyanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij, palpitations, edema thiab ua tsis taus pa.
  • Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical thiab serological tau ua tiav, uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov muaj tus kabmob thiab cov txheej txheem inflammatory.
  • Lub hauv siab xoo hluav taws xob tso cai rau tus kws tshaj lij pom qhov nthuav dav ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub plawv thiab muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov ntshav hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub ntsws, uas lees paub tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv myocardium.
Kev kuaj mob myocarditis
Kev kuaj mob myocarditis
  • Electrocardiography thiab echocardiography yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua - cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas lub siab ua haujlwm thiab ntsuas qhov ua txhaum cai.
  • Myocardial biopsy yog qhia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov mob hnyav tshaj plaws, vim nws pab txiav txim siab txog qhov txheej txheem inflammatory.

Kev kho tus kab mob: cov kws kho mob muab dab tsi?

Tau kawg, kev kho mob nyob ntawm qhov ua rau thiab qib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm kab mob, yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kis kab mob, tshuaj antiviral yog qhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus tau txais cov tshuaj immunomodulators, uas tso cai rau normalizing kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, cov neeg mob noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum tshuaj (Voltaren, Brufen, Indomethacin). Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj steroid hormonal yog siv, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Siv los tshem tawm edematshuaj diuretic kom tshem tawm cov kua dej ntau dhau. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj cov vitamin npaj rau hauv txoj kev kho mob. Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog cov txheej txheem ntev, ces kev kho mob sanatorium yog qhia. Yog hais tias muaj ib qho arrhythmia tsis tu ncua uas tsis teb rau kev kho mob, yuav xav tau ib tug pacemaker.

Kev kho mob yog nqa tawm hauv tsev kho mob, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv lub chaw kho mob plawv zoo rau menyuam yaus nrog cov kws kho mob zoo. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev kho, tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau mus kuaj tsis tu ncua - thawj zaug txhua ob peb lub hlis, thiab tom qab ntawd ob zaug hauv ib xyoos (nrog rau cov kab mob zoo). Echo thiab electrocardiography, hauv siab X-ray, kuaj ntshav yuav tsum tau ua ib ntus - qhov no yog tib txoj hauv kev kom pom qhov rov qab los lossis muaj teeb meem hauv lub sijhawm.

Kev noj haus rau menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob myocarditis

Ntau tus niam txiv niaj hnub no txaus siab rau cov lus nug txog vim li cas nws tshwm sim thiab qhov ua rau myocarditis hauv tus menyuam. Cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob, nws ua rau, ntawm chav kawm, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Tab sis nws tsim nyog xav tias thaum lub sij hawm kho, tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb (yog tias nws tsis yog menyuam yaus).

Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom muab cov carbohydrates yooj yim - koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab rau koj tus menyuam muffins, chocolate, qhob cij dawb, pasta. Koj tuaj yeem hloov lawv nrog ci yam tsis muaj poov xab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob tsim txom cov khoom qab zib thiab ntsim, nqaij rog thiab ntses, nplua nuj kua zaub thiab broths - nws yog qhov zoo dua los noj cov nqaij qaib fillet thiab daim siab (los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog advisable mus ua noj steamed tais diav). Ntses raug tso cai, tab sis tsuas yog peb tab tom tham txog ntau hom roj tsawg. Cov qe yuav tsum txwv.

Cov khoom noj yuav tsum muaj cov khoom noj mis nyuj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tshiab (tshwj tsis yog plums, quince, tawv pears thiab txiv apples, txiv hmab txiv ntoo). Chocolate thiab lwm yam khoom qab zib tuaj yeem hloov nrog zib ntab, jam, marshmallows thiab marmalade.

Kev Ntsuas rau myocarditis

Myocarditis hauv tus menyuam yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej - nws yog nyob rau hauv pawg hnub nyoog no ntawm cov neeg mob uas tuag feem ntau pom. Kev kwv yees nyob ntawm daim ntawv thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob. Piv txwv li, ib daim ntawv me me ntawm tus kab mob qee zaum tsis xav tau kev kho mob txhua. Cov kab mob o tuaj yeem kho tau yooj yim dua, tab sis nrog cov kab mob kis, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yuav tsis zoo.

Ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov xwm txheej tsis zoo tsis tshua muaj sau tseg - raws li txoj cai, cov menyuam yaus rov zoo sai thiab rov qab mus rau lub neej zoo. Muaj tseeb tiag, qee zaum thaum mob myocarditis, thaj chaw sclerotic tsim nyob rau hauv lub plawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg laus.

toxic myocarditis
toxic myocarditis

prophylaxis

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis muaj kev kho mob thoob ntiaj teb rau myocarditis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo ua raws qee cov cai. Tus poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv, tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, tsis txhob kov cov co toxins, thiab kuaj tsis tu ncua.

Tus mob ntawm tus menyuam mos yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib - cov kab mob sib kis thiab mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab kho raws sijhawm. Thaum muaj kev sib kiskhaub thuas, yog tias ua tau, tsis txhob cia tus menyuam mus cuag cov neeg muaj mob. Khoom noj khoom haus kom zoo, kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub kom meej, kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog thiab tawv tawv yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Pom zoo: