Poob qhov muag pom: ua rau, kuaj mob, kev kho mob, tiv thaiv

Cov txheej txheem:

Poob qhov muag pom: ua rau, kuaj mob, kev kho mob, tiv thaiv
Poob qhov muag pom: ua rau, kuaj mob, kev kho mob, tiv thaiv

Video: Poob qhov muag pom: ua rau, kuaj mob, kev kho mob, tiv thaiv

Video: Poob qhov muag pom: ua rau, kuaj mob, kev kho mob, tiv thaiv
Video: Qhia lub hom phiaj rau nej ua thiab teb lus nug 1-12-2023 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Kev pom kev pom hauv thaj chaw ntawm ophthalmology yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav tham txog qhov ua rau, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob xws li kev pom kev tsis pom kev.

Kev piav qhia luv luv ntawm pathology

Teb saib yog qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig thaum saib tom ntej. Ib qho kev hloov hauv nws yog ib qho tsos mob uas qhia tias muaj qee yam kab mob.

Poob ntawm qhov muag pom nrog rau lawv txoj kev nqaim yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm ophthalmology. Txhua tus neeg mob uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm xws li pathology tau ntsib qee yam kev xav hauv kev pom kev pom. Qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, cov kab mob no tsuas yog kuaj pom nrog kev pab kho mob kho mob siv cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag.

Ua rau kab mob

Muaj ntau yam uas tuaj yeem ua rau pom qhov tsis pom kev. Lawv txhawj xeeb tsis yog tsuas yog lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj qhov ua txhaum lojhauv hlwb. Feem ntau ua rau pom kev tsis pom kev muaj xws li cataracts, nrog rau glaucoma, optic paj pathology, qhov muag raug mob, retinal detachment, kab mob neurological, ntshav siab, atherosclerosis, thiab ntshav qab zib.

Yog tias qee qhov ntawm daim duab pom, zoo li yog los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog, ces peb feem ntau yuav hais txog kab mob cataract. Thaum thawj theem ntawm glaucoma, qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov muag feem ntau cuam tshuam, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam peripheral. Cov laj thawj rau qhov tsis pom kev pom yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob.

poob ntawm qhov muag pom hauv ib lub qhov muag
poob ntawm qhov muag pom hauv ib lub qhov muag

tag nrho tsis pom kev

Nrog rau cov kab mob loj heev ntawm cov paj hlwb, qhov muag tsis pom. Kev raug mob ntawm qhov muag tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm qee qhov chaw hauv kev pom, thiab tib lub sijhawm ua rau muaj kev txwv tsis pom kev loj. Nrog retinal detachment, cov neeg mob yuav pom cov khoom paub hauv txoj kev sib txawv. Feem ntau hloov pauv, thiab cov kab ncaj tuaj yeem nkhaus. Qee zaum tus neeg mob yuav hnov zoo li nws tab tom saib ntawm daim ntaub thaiv npog.

Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, lub panorama nyob ib puag ncig tuaj yeem pom tau deformed. Qhov txaus ntshai heev rau lub qhov muag yog ntshav siab nrog rau atherosclerosis. Cov kab mob zoo li no ua rau pom cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov muag. Hauv qhov no, qee qhov ntawm retina nres ua haujlwm thiab tus neeg mob muaj qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm qhov pom lossis pom qhov nqaim ntawm thaj chaw pom.

poob ntawm lateral visual fields
poob ntawm lateral visual fields

Qhov tshwm sim no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej thiabploj tom qab ib pliag, raws li lub thrombus puas lawm ntawm nws tus kheej. Poob ntawm qhov muag pom kev yog qhov systematic. Cov ntshav txhaws me me thaiv cov ntshav mus rau retina thiab ib ntus, thaj chaw cuam tshuam tsis xa cov teeb liab mus rau lub hlwb. Tom qab ntawd cov ntshav rov qab los, tom qab ntawd tus neeg mob rov zoo dua. Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov poob ntawm qhov pom ntawm ib lub qhov muag, lossis tej zaum ob zaug ib zaug.

Kev txhim kho ntawm hemianopsia

Hemianopsia yog ib qho mob thaum muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab ntau yam poob ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov pom kev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg mob tsim qhov muag tsis pom hauv ib nrab ntawm cov duab pom. Xws li ib tug prolapse qhia ib tug pathology ntawm lub paj hlwb, thiab tsis yog ib tug ophthalmological kab mob.

Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem ua ib ntus lossis mus tas li. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb. Raws li kev faib tawm, hemianopsia tau muab faib ua homonymous, heteronymous, bitemporal thiab binasal.

kev poob ib nrab ntawm kev saib txhais li cas?

Homonymous hemianopsia txhais tau tias muaj cov txheej txheem pathological uas tus neeg mob pom tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov duab pom. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li hemianopsia yog ib qho mob nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv qhov muag pom lossis hauv cerebral cortex. Raws li kev faib tawm, xws li hemianopsia tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:

  • Nrog rau hom tag nrho, muaj qhov poob ntawm sab laug lossis sab xis ntawm kev pom.
  • Nyob rau hauv ib nrab hom, muaj qhov poob ntawm qhov nqaim ntawm qhov pom ntawm sab xis.
  • Nrog ib hom square, thaj tsam ntawm kev saib poob tawm hauv lub quadrant sab saud.
  • qhov muag pom kev poob ua rau
    qhov muag pom kev poob ua rau

Ua rau hemianopsia

Hemianopsia yog congenital los yog kis tau. Feem ntau ua rau pom qhov tsis pom kev yog:

  • Kev muaj cov kab mob vascular ntawm lub hlwb hauv daim ntawv ntawm hemorrhagic lossis ischemic strokes.
  • Kev txhim kho lub hlwb raug mob.
  • Kev mob hlwb uas muaj ib qho kev kawm (tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias nws yog benign lossis malignant).
  • Kev muaj kev hloov pauv lossis hloov pauv lub paj hlwb tsis zoo.
  • Kev tshwm sim hysterical, hydrocephalus, migraine thiab qaug dab peg.

Hemianopsia tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog cov kab mob vascular hloov pauv lossis mob migraine. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov o luv luv ntawm qee qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias lub edema ntawm lub paj hlwb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no txo, qhov muag tsis pom regresses thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm kev pom kev ua tau tiav. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov tsos mob zoo li no hauv cov kab mob neurological li hemianopia ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kuaj tau thiab tsim kom muaj qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb puas.

Lwm hom: heteronymous, bitemporal thiab binasal hemianopia

Nyob rau hauv heteronymous hemianopia, qhov ntswg lossis lub cev ntawm qhov tsis pom kev poob tawm. Qhov ciam teb ntawm qhov pom thiab ploj ntawm cov teb khiav kab rov tav. Xws li hemianopsia, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov poob ntawm qhov pom kev sab nraud, kuj tau muab faib ua ib nrab, tiav lossis square scotoma.

Nrog hom bitemporal (qhov no yog qhov feem ntauib hom kab mob pathology) muaj qhov poob ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm qhov pom kev ua haujlwm synchronously hauv ob lub qhov muag. Xws li tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj basal arachnoiditis lossis aortic aneurysm. Kev puas hlwb raug pom nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub caj pas pituitary lossis hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov muag.

poob ntawm sab laug qhov muag pom
poob ntawm sab laug qhov muag pom

Nrog rau hom binasal, qhov ntswg ib nrab ntawm qhov pom tau ploj ntawm ob sab. Hom hemianopia no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim thiab feem ntau kuaj pom tias muaj chiasmatic arachnoiditis, nrog rau kev tsim hydrocephalus thiab muaj cov txheej txheem qog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb.

Diagnostics

Kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog ua los ntawm kev kawm txog kev pom kev siv computer perimetry. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, raws li txoj cai, tau lees paub los ntawm kev kuaj mob ntxiv.

Ntau zaus, cov tsos mob ntawm hemianopsia qhia tias muaj mob hlwb loj. Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob, suav tomography tau ua, nrog rau kev kuaj xyuas magnetic resonance thiab radiography ntawm pob txha taub hau. Yuav kho qhov muag qhov muag poob li cas?

kev kho qhov muag tsis pom kev
kev kho qhov muag tsis pom kev

Kev kho mob

Kev kho mob ntawm hemianopsia yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kab mob hauv qab no. Cov txheej txheem kho mob sai sai yog pib tshem tawm cov kab mob hauv qab, qhov kev pom zoo rau tus neeg mob lub neej yav tom ntej tuaj yeem ua tau. Raws li txoj cai, txhua yam kab mob neurological tawm tom qab tsis tu ncua hloov pauv hauv cov organicCentral paj hlwb.

them nyiaj cerebrovascular kev huam yuaj, lub taub hau raug mob, nrog rau kev phais tshem tawm ntawm lub hlwb hlav yuav tsum tau kev kho mob mus sij hawm ntev tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm cov kab mob no. Rehabilitation ntawm cov neeg mob uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm pathology nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug yuav tsum tau ua tsis tau tsuas yog nrog tshuaj.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov cov neeg mob zoo li no rau kev taw qhia hauv ntiaj teb sab nraud. Hnav tsom iav nrog tsom iav tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem pab tau zoo hauv qhov no. Kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog cov chav kawm hauv cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau kev txhim kho lub zeem muag.

pom kev poob qhov tsos mob
pom kev poob qhov tsos mob

Huab cua

Qhov kev cia siab rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no, hmoov tsis, yog qhov tsis zoo. Qhov tseeb, qhov mob ntawm qhov xwm txheej no tseem nyob hauv tib neeg, thiab cov tsos mob tsis rov qab.

Kev pom zoo pom tsuas yog thaum ib tus neeg, tom qab mob stroke, uas tau hloov pauv hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub paj hlwb tsis zoo, tawm hauv nws lub xeev mob yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob regress nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm hemianopsia. Nws yog qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsos mob uas tau pom nyob rau hauv migraine, thiab, ntxiv rau, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qaug dab peg thiab nyob rau hauv hysterical tshua. Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev pom zoo rau yav tom ntej tau raug sau tseg.

Tseem tsim nyog hais txog kev tiv thaiv thiab yuav tsum ua li cas thiaj li tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob no.

poob ntawm ib nrab ntawm qhov kev pom
poob ntawm ib nrab ntawm qhov kev pom

Tiv thaiv kab mob

Nyob rau hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob qhov muag, cov tib neeg yuav tsum tau qhia kom ua raws li kev ua haujlwm thiab so. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas niaj hnub ua haujlwm hauv computer, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam phom sij. Cov neeg uas muaj ntshav siab, ib yam li cov ntshav qab zib, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov tsis zoo me ntsis ntawm lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Txhawm rau kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim tus kab mob hauv nqe lus nug kom tsawg, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv thiab tsis muaj qhov tso cai raug mob rau lub taub hau thiab caj dab. Ntawm lwm yam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha, thiab tib lub sij hawm ua qhov kev kuaj mob los ntawm kws kho plawv.

Yog tias kuaj pom cov tsos mob tsis zoo, tsis pom qhov pom ntawm ib qho xwm txheej, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd thiab tsis ncua sijhawm. Qhov no yeej yuav ua kom muaj kev txiav txim siab raws sijhawm thiab kev kuaj mob, uas txhais tau hais tias kev kho mob tsim nyog yuav tau pib raws sijhawm. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thaum pib, thiab tib lub sijhawm tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm qhov teeb meem tshwm sim.

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