Kev mob plab hnyuv: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob thiab qhov tshwm sim

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev mob plab hnyuv: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob thiab qhov tshwm sim
Kev mob plab hnyuv: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob thiab qhov tshwm sim

Video: Kev mob plab hnyuv: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob thiab qhov tshwm sim

Video: Kev mob plab hnyuv: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob thiab qhov tshwm sim
Video: yuav coj li cas kom luag nyiam 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav saib cov kab mob hu ua plab hnyuv. Cov lus piav qhia txog kev kho mob yuav muab rau ntawm no. Peb tseem yuav tau paub txog kev kuaj mob, cov hau kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem thiab ntau yam teeb meem uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Introduction

Intestinal obstruction (NK) yog ib qho mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm ib feem lossis tsis ua txhaum ntawm kev txav ntawm cov zaub mov los ntawm "tunnels" ntawm lub plab zom mov. Kev ua txhaum cai tshwm sim vim muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv txoj kev ntawm cov zaub mov los yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub cev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv. Yuav ua li cas rau plab hnyuv ob leeg nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, cov me nyuam thiab cov neeg laus, peb yuav xav txog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm. Cov ncauj lus no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov nws yuav tso cai rau tus nyeem ntawv kawm txog txhua yam kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tuag.

Cov tsos mob plab hnyuv hauv cov neeg laus
Cov tsos mob plab hnyuv hauv cov neeg laus

Dynamic etiology

Raws li hom etiology, muaj cov dynamic thiab mechanical ua rau tus mob no.

Etiological cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dynamicplab hnyuv ob leeg yog raws li kev loj hlob ntawm tus tuag tes tuag taw, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau tsiv zaub mov. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob (nrog rau kev phais), hypokalemia (qee yam metabolic ntshawv siab) thiab peritonitis.

Txhua yam kab mob ntawm lub plab hnyuv uas tuaj yeem ua rau peritonitis tshwm sim nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm plab hnyuv paresis. Kev txo qis hauv qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm perist altic txav nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov yog pom thaum lub cev muaj zog (kev ua neej nyob tsis muaj zog) lossis nrog lub sijhawm ntev tsis txaus siab ntawm biliary lossis lub raum colic. Spastic plab hnyuv ob leeg tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb ntawm lub taub hau lossis nraub qaum (spinal) los ntawm metastases ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, rov qab ntawm tabes, thiab lwm yam. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev lom nrog ntsev ntawm cov hlau hnyav lossis hysteria.

Mechanical etiology

Predisposing etiological yam uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg kho tshuab CI yog:

  • presence ntawm congenital dolichosigma;
  • caecal mobility;
  • anterior lossis sab hauv plab hernia;
  • muaj qhov ntev ntawm cov nyuv sigmoid hauv cov laus;
  • muaj cov txheej txheem nplaum hauv plab kab noj hniav;
  • muaj ntau dhau ntawm quav thiab hnab ris hauv lub peritoneum.

Yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav muaj cov qog nqaij hlav benign lossis malignant nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm txoj hnyuv. Lawv ua rau ib qho kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam, uas tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm compression / compression ntawm txoj hnyuv plab los ntawm cov qog loj hlob los ntawm sab nraud, uas yog, ib qho uas yog.tsim rau ntawm lub cev nyob sib ze. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qog caj ces thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm 3 mus rau 5 cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm txoj hnyuv mesentery yog kho tau hauv 99%. Hauv cov qog exophilic, invagination yuav siv tau.

Lwm yam ua rau tus mob no muaj xws li: noj ntau cov khoom noj uas muaj calorie ntau ntau, hloov cov zaub mov thaum pub menyuam mos los ntawm kev pub niam mis rau mis, thiab noj ntau dhau thaum yoo mov mus ntev.

Kev piav qhia ntawm kab mob

cov tsos mob plab hnyuv
cov tsos mob plab hnyuv

plab hnyuv hauv cov neeg laus, menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus feem ntau zoo ib yam: muaj dej ntau, nrog rau cov protein thiab electrolytes. Cov kua yog excreted nrog ntau ntuav, thiab nws kuj tso rau hauv txoj hnyuv. Lwm qhov laj thawj ntawm kev ua tsis zoo yog kev poob dej hauv 24 teev, qhov loj dua 4 litres lossis ntau dua. Qhov no ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg dehydration thiab hypovolemia, hemoconcentration thiab ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia. Txhua yam tshwm sim ntawm pathophysiological tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij qhuav, oliguria, arterial hypotension, siab hematocrit thiab txheeb ze erythrocytosis.

Ua rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab hypovolemia ua rau txo qis hauv diuresis, sodium reabsorption thiab tso tawm ntau dhau ntawm cov poov tshuaj nrog rau ntuav thiab zis, thiab tseem ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm intracellular acidosis, txo cov leeg nqaij thiab txo myocardial contractility. Muaj ntau lwm yam teeb meem uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm txoj hnyuv. Tseem muaj qhov tseem ceebpoob ntawm cov protein molecules (txog peb puas grams tauj ib hnub), ua rau aggravation ntawm prevalence ntawm metabolic dab.

Paub qhov no coj peb mus rau qhov tseeb tias kev kho mob ntawm plab hnyuv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov mob hnyav, yuav tsum suav nrog kev tso kua dej thiab kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj nrog cov protein thiab electrolytes, thiab cov kua qaub-puag yuav tsum normalized.

Endotoxicosis yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv lub voj voog pathophysiological ntawm cov txheej txheem pom nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm NK. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ecdotoxicosis muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom ntawm tsis tiav protein hydrolysis - ntau yam ntawm polypeptide molecules, uas nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob tsis absorbed rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov phab ntsa, tab sis yuav pib nrog stagnation ntawm cov zaub mov. Qhov teeb meem yog toxicity ntawm cov tshuaj absorbed los ntawm lub plab zom mov.

Endogenous factor

quav quav rau cov neeg laus yuav ua li cas
quav quav rau cov neeg laus yuav ua li cas

Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov kab mob endogenous intoxication yog microbes. Kev mob plab hnyuv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cov qauv ntawm lub ntuj microbacteria ecosystem ntawm txoj hlab pas los ntawm kev loj hlob sai thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm lwm yam, ntau "impudent" cellular kab mob. Kuj tseem muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm microflora los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv mus rau qhov sib thooj, qhov twg nws yuav dhau los ua neeg txawv teb chaws. Exo- thiab endotoxins ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj hnyuv hauv plab thiab ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov qog ntshav thiab peritoneal exudate, uas, dhau los, dhau los ua lub ntsiab ua rau mob thiab mob plab sepsis. Apotheosis ntawm kev loj hlobNtawm qhov teeb meem no yog necrosis thiab aggravation ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov ntaub so ntswg nrog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm ntau yam kabmob thiab tsis txaus.

Qee yam ntawm plab hnyuv tsis ua haujlwm

Ib qho cim ntawm plab hnyuv txhaws nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev cuam tshuam hauv lub cev muaj zog thiab secretory-resorptive zog yog nce peristalsis. Lub plab hnyuv contractions ua luv, tab sis lawv cov zaus nce. Qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv plab hnyuv, uas nyuaj rau kev kov yeej nrog zaub mov. Yog tias qhov "barrier" tsis raug tshem tawm, ces lub paj hlwb parasympathetic yuav zoo siab, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov nce circulatory hypoxia ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv plab hnyuv, ua rau maj mam poob ntawm lub peev xwm xa impulses los ntawm intramural paj hlwb apparatus. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov leeg nqaij feem ntau tau txais thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim ntawv qhia.

cov cim qhia ntawm plab hnyuv
cov cim qhia ntawm plab hnyuv

Yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv nthuav tawm nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov kev hnov mob, ces feem ntau nws yog abturative los yog strangular (tawm los ntawm compression ntawm lub pob tw ntawm cov hlab ntsha dhau los ntawm mesentery.

Symptomatic of obstruction

Cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv muaj raws li hauv qab no:

  • Mob plab yog ib qho cim ntxov thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Feem ntau, nws tshwm sim tam sim ntawd thiab tsis nyob ntawm cov khoom noj uas tus neeg mob noj thaum nruab hnub. Qhov mob yog cramping nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Kev mob tshwm sim yog tshwm sim los ntawm perist altic nthwv dej, uas tau rov ua dua ntawm 10-15 feeb. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm decompensation thiab depletion ntawm lub zog cia ntawm txoj hnyuv, qhov mob yuav ua mus tas li. Hom strangular ntawm kev cuam tshuam kuj yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov mob tas li thiab tam sim ntawd pib. Raws li txoj cai, thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob, nyob rau hnub 2 - 3, qhov mob tshwm sim, uas yog lub cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm plab hnyuv perist altic thiab yav tom ntej yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem tuag tes tuag taw nrog qhov mob tas li hauv plab ntawm qhov tawg. xwm.
  • plab plab tshwm thiab nws qhov asymmetry tau pom.
  • Ntsig roj lossis tsis muaj quav tej zaum yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm cov kab mob pathognomonic ileus. Qee zaum cov kua dej tawm hauv cov ntshav tau pom vim muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, vim tias NK feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog cov kab mob dysentery.
  • ntuav yog lwm qhov cim ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Thaum xub thawj nws tsis tshua muaj, tab sis nws pib rov ua dua ntau zaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zaus nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg qhov kev cuam tshuam hauv cov kwj dej ntawm lub plab zom mov. Thaum xub thawj, ntuav muaj cov neeg kho tshuab (reflex), tab sis tom qab ntawd nws dhau los ua qhov nruab nrab (intoxication).
kev kho mob plab hnyuv
kev kho mob plab hnyuv

Kev kuaj mob thiab nws cov cuab yeej

Kev mob plab hnyuv hauv tib neeg los ntawm kev kuaj mob sib txawv suav nrog: pleurisy, peritonitis, mob pancreatitis thiab appendicitis, raum colic, qis lobe pneumonia thiab perforation ntawm lub plab khoob.

Ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv, qhov tseem ceebyog:

  • Ib txoj kev mob plab plab uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab qib ntawm cov kua hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab pab xyuas qhov kev sib hloov ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg;
  • Ultrasound tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab ob qho tib si thiab kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Nrog rau txhua yam, kev nthuav dav ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lumen hauv txoj hnyuv mus txog ob cm yog pom nrog qhov tshwm sim ib txhij ntawm "kua sequestration". Cov phab ntsa hauv plab hnyuv thicken mus txog 4 hli thiab siab dua, qhov siab ntawm Kerckring folds nce (los ntawm 5 mm) thiab cov tsos ntawm ib tug reciprocating txav ntawm chyme raws cov plab hnyuv kab noj hniav kuj ua raws li cov cim qhia uas pab nrhiav tau txhua yam kev cuam tshuam los ntawm ultrasound. Muaj lwm yam ntxwv nta. Dynamic NK tau kuaj pom thaum tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov chyme, qhov muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov kab mob kerkring, hyperpneumatization ntawm tag nrho cov hnyuv thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm sequestration ntawm kua.

Irrigography yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm obstructive.

Txoj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam

Yuav ua li cas rau plab zom mov? Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug mob daim ntawv ntawm lub syndrome, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus rau lub tsev kho mob thiab mus rau lub tsev kho mob. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam sai sai rau kev phais tsuas yog thaum muaj kab mob peritonitis, thiab lwm yam, kev kho mob yog pib siv cov kev ntsuas kev txuag thiab txhais tau tias. Ua ntej, lawv sim tshem tawm qhov mob, hyperperist altic intoxication thiab teeb meem hauv homeostasis. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob ntawm plab hnyuv obstruction, lub Upper digestive seem yog freed los ntawm cov ntsiab lus stagnation.los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab siphon enemas.

Yog tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tom qab siv cov txheej txheem kev saib xyuas ntawm kev daws teeb meem, ces mus rau kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm.

Lub tswvyim ntawm kev phais

kev phais plab hnyuv
kev phais plab hnyuv

Kev phais plab hnyuv plab feem ntau yog tib txoj hauv kev los kho qhov teeb meem. Tom qab laparotomy tau ua tiav, kev hloov kho ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav yog ua. Ua ntej tus txheej txheem, nws raug pom zoo kom thaiv cov hnyuv thiab mesentery nrog novocaine. Ua ntej, qhov kev sib tshuam duodenojejunal raug tshuaj xyuas nrog kev maj mam mus rau lub kaum sab xis ileocecal. Tus kws phais yog coj los ntawm txoj hnyuv loops, nyob rau hauv me ntsis saum toj no qhov chaw nrog ib qho kev cuam tshuam. Thaum lub sij hawm hloov kho ntawm lub cev, lawv qib ntawm kev muaj peev xwm thiab qhov etiological yam ntawm kev cuam tshuam tau txiav txim siab.

Kev mob plab hnyuv hauv cov neeg laus, menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus ua rau lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm. Qhov ntsuas ntawm txoj hnyuv tau txiav txim siab tom qab nws tau tsau rau hauv cov kua ntawm sodium chloride tov ntawm ib hom isotonic thiab 20-40 ml ntawm cov tshuaj sov novocaine (0.25%) yog txhaj rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm mesentery. Them mloog mus rau cov xim serous ntawm daim nyias nyias, uas yuav tsum ci thiab pinkish, rau kev khaws cia ntawm lub peev xwm perist altic ntawm qee yam ntawm cov hnyuv thiab rau lub pulsation ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm mesentery.

"Yuav ua li cas rau plab zom mov hauv cov neeg laus?" yog ib lo lus nug uas nquag nug hauv internet. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev phais, cov kws kho mob sim ua kom rov qab txoj kev hla txoj hnyuv,dissect adhesions, yaj kaw, disinvaginate thiab tshem tawm cov qog. Qhov teeb meem no hauv txoj hnyuv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem, suav nrog kev tuag. Yog li ntawd, yog tias xav tias plab hnyuv txhaws, nws raug nquahu kom hu rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov mob hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob. Thaum lub sij hawm kev phais, kev phais plab tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm kev siv universal hauv paus ntsiab lus (piv txwv li, kev siv cov anastomosis sab-rau-sab). Yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xau ntawm qhov anastomotic suture, ces Meidl-hom kev ua haujlwm kuj tseem siv tau. Feem ntau, thaum tshem tawm cov plab hnyuv, lawv mus rau qhov chaw kho mob, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov hnyuv loj sigmoid tau nruj nruj thiab muab tso rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav.

Ntau zaus thaum kuaj pom cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv, kev kho mob yuav suav nrog kev ua kom lub plab zom mov thiab siv cov hlab ntsha elastic. Decompression yog tsim nyog los txo intoxication, nkoos lub motility ntawm plab hnyuv cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm anastomosis leaks. Nws txiav txim siab lub moj khaum muaj nuj nqi. Nasogastric decompression feem ntau siv dua li retrograde. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab kev phais, kev ntsuas kev huv (piv txwv li, ntxuav) thiab cov kua dej ntawm lub plab yog ua tiav.

Txoj kev tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv

Yuav ua li cas rau plab zom mov thaum siv cov txheej txheem kev saib xyuas?

Nws yooj yim ntawm no. Qhov kev kuaj mob no, tom qab nws pom zoo,yuam tus kws kho mob kom txais tus neeg mob mus rau kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob. Ntawm cov kev ntsuas kho mob, cov tseem ceeb yog:

  • Kev taw qhia ntawm thaj chaw hloov tau los ntawm qhov ntswg kab noj hniav mus rau hauv lub plab, uas yuav tsum tau tso tawm stagnation nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov. Nws kuj tso cai rau koj tso tseg ntuav.
  • Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv txhaws rau cov neeg laus thiab kuaj pom muaj teeb meem, cov neeg mob tuaj yeem muab cov kev daws teeb meem uas kuv rov qab los ntawm cov dej- ntsev.
  • Tus kws kho mob sau tshuaj kho mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
  • Kev mob plab hnyuv yog txhawb los ntawm kev siv Prozerin.
plab hnyuv ua dab tsi
plab hnyuv ua dab tsi

Yog tias hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov teeb meem tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv, ces lawv sim daws nws nrog tshuaj xwb. Cov tshuaj yog siv los txhawb kev sib cog lus ntawm cov leeg nqaij hauv txoj hnyuv thiab pab thawb cov ntsiab lus los ntawm txoj hauv kev. Yog hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev saib xyuas kev kho mob tsis muab qhov kev xav tau, ces kev phais kev phais yog siv, uas yog ua los ntawm tus kws phais. Thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem, qog, loops, adhesions thiab nodes raug tshem tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, kev quav dej quav cawv hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg laus uas muaj teeb meem ua haujlwm feem ntau kho tau zoo thiab sai.

Qhov kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb los tawm tsam qhov teeb meem no yog kev kuaj mob hauv plab hnyuv. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau kev sib ntaus tawm tsam helminthic ntxeem tau thiab saib xyuas cov khoom noj kom raug. Cov tsos mobCov kab mob plab hnyuv hauv cov neeg laus yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tuag lossis teeb meem kho tsis tau. Nqe lus no yog sib npaug rau cov neeg mob thaum yau los yog cov neeg laus. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog peritonitis, ib qho mob uas nyuaj heev rau kev kov yeej, thiab qee zaum txawm tias ua tsis tau.

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