Cerebral insufficiency: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, rov kho dua

Cov txheej txheem:

Cerebral insufficiency: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, rov kho dua
Cerebral insufficiency: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, rov kho dua

Video: Cerebral insufficiency: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, rov kho dua

Video: Cerebral insufficiency: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, rov kho dua
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Cerebral insufficiency (CI) tam sim no suav tias yog cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub paj hlwb, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cerebral ischemia lossis o. Lub tswv yim no muaj nws tus kheej semantics, ob qho tib si kho mob thiab pathophysiological, uas yog siv los piav qhia txog kev mob thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm ntawm mob stroke.

Ntse

Lub paj hlwb muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv los ntawm cranium los ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Ua lub cev ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem physiological tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws siv colossal npaum li cas ntawm cov as-ham. Qhov loj ntawm lub hlwb tsuas yog 1-3% ntawm tag nrho lub cev hnyav ntawm ib tug neeg (kwv yees li 1,800 g). Tab sis rau nws txoj haujlwm zoo, 15% ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav ntim (kwv yees li 800 ml) yuav tsum tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas pub lub cev. Nws metabolizes txog li 100 g qabzib ib hnub.

seemcerebral insufficiency
seemcerebral insufficiency

Qhov ntawd yog, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb yuav tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum muaj ntshav txaus, nrog rau cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntau, oxygen thiab tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom rau tib neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj cov dej ntws tawm mus tas li thiab txaus venous.

Etiology (ua rau)

Lub zog muaj zog ntawm kev tswj tus kheej ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv hlwb muab kev hloov pauv zoo rau labile ib puag ncig.

Thaum muaj hypoxia, uas yog tshwm sim, piv txwv li, los ntawm mob hnyav, cov kua dej hauv lub cev ntawm CNS tseem nyob li qub. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog tau qhib vim yog qhov yuam kev hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov kab ke no, uas yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom cov ntshav mus rau Willisian (cerebral) lub voj voog thiab, vim li ntawd, tswj kev ncig ib puag ncig.

Cerebral insufficiency syndrome
Cerebral insufficiency syndrome

Nyob rau hauv hypoglycemia, lub cev nthuav cov hlab ntsha uas pub lub hlwb. Vim li no, kev muab cov piam thaj rau lub cev nce. Tab sis metabolic acidosis ua rau nce ntshav tawm kom sai sai tshem tawm cov khoom metabolic ntawm nws.

Nrog kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub hlwb lossis tsis txaus ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj hwm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hypercompensatory tshwm sim. Vim li no, muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm cov ntshav khiav hauv cov hlab ntsha uas muab cov kua roj ntsha mus rau hauv cov kab noj hniav cranial. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, thaj chaw no yog qhov kaw kaw rau lub hlwb. Yog li, txawm tias me ntsis nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab noj hniav cranial, tsawg kawg yog los ntawm5% ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm kev nco qab thiab kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb ntau dua.

Cov ntshav txhaws ntau dhau ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv hlwb ua rau hypersecretion ntawm vascular plexuses ntawm CSF. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub hlwb raug nyem los ntawm qhov kawg, edema tsim, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tswj hwm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, cov kua dej lom hauv cov hlab ntsha..

Kev kuaj mob cerebral insufficiency
Kev kuaj mob cerebral insufficiency

Taumatic compression ntawm lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg, impaired ntshav mov, edema, nce siab nyob rau hauv lub cranial kab noj hniav, kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cerebrospinal kua dynamics (uas yog, cerebrospinal kua ncig) ua rau cov teeb meem loj ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. Qhov no yog tshwm sim, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, los ntawm huab ntawm kev nco qab.

Cov me nyuam cerebral insufficiency

Ua rau tus kab mob hauv menyuam yaus:

  • placental abruption, uas nws thiaj li ua rau intrauterine fetal hypoxia;
  • Cov kab mob sib kis hnyav thaum cev xeeb tub yeej cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo;
  • kev nyuaj siab dhau ntawm niam;
  • kev tsis zoo ib puag ncig hauv lub tebchaws;
  • kev noj haus tsis txaus;
  • tus cwj pwm phem;
  • kab mob kis rau menyuam yaus;
  • cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob (ionizing hluav taws xob);
  • kab mob hemolytic ntawm tus menyuam mos;
  • tshuaj loog, uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev phais mob;
  • kev raug mob hauv lub cev;
  • mob hlwb raug mob;
  • kev ua neej nyob tsis muaj zog thiab lub cev tsis ua haujlwm;
  • preterm yug.

Pathogenesis

rau lub ntsiabCov kab mob pathogenetic hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob no suav nrog:

  • kev raug mob hauv lub cev;
  • fetal infections;
  • hypoxia thaum lub sij hawm intranatal.

Vim tias lub cev xav xav xav tau oxygen ntau, qhov tsis txaus me ntsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov paj hlwb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm intra- thiab perinatal pathology tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm cerebral edema. Nrog rau vegetovascular dystonia thiab cerebral insufficiency. Qhov kawg, qhov tseeb, kuj yog qhov tshwm sim qeeb ntawm kev puas hlwb hauv lub hlwb.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov cerebral insufficiency nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus

Nrog qhov kev ua txhaum cai no, cov xwm txheej sib txawv tuaj yeem pom. Astheno-vegetative syndrome yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • faus;
  • sluggishness;
  • drowsy;
  • tsis muaj zog;
  • mob taub hau.

Nervous tics:

tus neeg mob muaj qhov txav tsis tau

Kev ua txhaum cai tswj hwm tus kheej:

  • tawm hws ntau dhau vim qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov hws qog ntawm ko taw thiab xib teg;
  • dysregulation ntawm cov ntshav khiav hauv qhov kawg ntawm cov hlab plawv.

Meteorological dependence (piv txwv li ib tug muaj zog dependence ntawm ib tug neeg lub cev mob ntawm huab cua thiab caij nyoog):

  • tso tseg tsis nco qab;
  • tachycardia (ua kom lub plawv dhia nrawm);
  • hloov ntshav siab.

Vestibular disorders:

  • nausea thatthaum muaj xwm txheej heev nws ua rau ntuav;
  • mob khaub thuas hauv tsheb thiab viav vias.

Lability of the psycho-emotional sphere of a person:

  • chim siab me ntsis;
  • mood lability (hloov pauv);
  • Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.

Photophobia (tsis tolerance rau lub teeb ci).

Kev mob ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ob qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb. Thawj qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem inhibitory hauv lub hlwb. Qhov thib ob yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua kom ntau dhau, uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntawm cov qauv ua lub luag haujlwm tuav lub luag haujlwm (cov no yog cov qauv xws li thalamus).

Tsis tas li, nrog cov organic cerebral insufficiency, lethargy yog yam ntxwv:

  • nyuaj rau txhawb cov menyuam yaus rau qee yam haujlwm;
  • yog tias lawv pom zoo rau txoj haujlwm, lawv ua qeeb heev;
  • nws nyuaj rau lawv hloov ntawm cov haujlwm sib txawv tib lub sijhawm.

Ib yam kev mob siab:

  • cov menyuam yaus muaj teeb meem ua kom lawv mloog;
  • yog qhov tsis xis nyob, mus txog rau ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

Diagnosis

Raws li kev xyaum qhia, muaj ob peb cov tsos mob zoo los ua qhov kev kuaj mob zaum kawg, nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov kev kuaj mob ntxiv thiab ntsuas ntsuas.

Residual organic cerebral insufficiency
Residual organic cerebral insufficiency

Nrog lawv yog:

  • ntsuasintracranial siab (nrog rau cov kab mob no, qhov taw qhia yuav nce ntxiv);
  • echoencephalography;
  • electroencephalogram (kom txiav txim siab qhov kev npaj txhij);
  • ophthalmoscopy.

Dab tsi yog qhov raug

Cov menyuam feem coob uas tau txais qhov kev kuaj mob no muaj qhov txawv txav uas pom ntawm qhov muag tsis pom:

  • poob taub hau;
  • ploj lossis deformed pob ntseg thiab hniav;
  • txawv txav deb ntawm qhov muag;
  • prognathism.

Kev kho mob

Cov kev kho mob hauv qab no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau xyoo hauv ntiaj teb kev coj ua hauv kev kho mob ntawm hom kab mob no.

Cerebral insufficiency nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
Cerebral insufficiency nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Raws li cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no, kev kho mob hlwb tsis txaus yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab lus qhia. Qhov no yog ib qho kev kho kom rov qab los thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv zos ntawm pathologies ncaj qha hauv lub hlwb.

Kev kho mob rau cov mob ntev thiab mob cerebral insufficiency muaj xws li:

  • normalization ntawm hemodynamics;
  • restoration ntawm ib txwm ua pa ua pa;
  • normalization ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic;
  • hauv zos cuam tshuam rau pathology:
  • restoring lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm BBB (ntshav-hlwb barrier);
  • nce hemodynamics hauv lub hlwb;
  • kho mob edema.

Raws li cov qauv niaj hnub no, lub ntsiab hauv kev kho mob hlwb edema yog kev teem caij ntawm cov tshuaj hauv qab no:

  • osmodiuretics;
  • saluretics;
  • Yglucocorticoids.

Raws li kev xyaum qhia, kev noj ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj saum toj no hauv kev kho mob monotherapy tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, yog li kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua ke.

Mob cerebral insufficiency
Mob cerebral insufficiency

Tsis tas li, kev siv bioflavonoids ntawm theem prehospital ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kho mob ntxiv, vim tias lawv cuam tshuam rau tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem pathobiochemical ntawm kev txhim kho cov kab mob no.

Cov tshuaj hauv qab no tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob niaj hnub no:

  • "Troxevasin";
  • "Venoruton";
  • Y "Corvitin";
  • "Aescusan";
  • "L-Lysine Aescinate"

txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom rheological ntawm cov ntshav hauv lub paj hlwb, cov neeg mob tau pom zoo kom noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li kev tswj hwm ntawm prothrombin Performance index. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cerebral insufficiency, uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha tawm.

Cerebral insufficiency syndrome nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
Cerebral insufficiency syndrome nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Kev kho ntshav qab zib yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum cov kab mob no tshwm sim vim qhov txo qis hauv cov ntshav ntim. Nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej uas mob intoxication yog qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob, lub sij hawm teem ntawm detoxification txoj kev kho yog suav hais tias yog ib tug tsim nyog ntsuas. Raws li txoj cai, cov kev daws teeb meem hauv qab no yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no:

  • "Trisol";
  • "Rheosorbilact";
  • "Acesol".

Rehab

Kev kho thiab rov kho dua tom qab mob hlwb tsis txaus yuav tsum yog tus kheej, raws sijhawm thiab tsim nyog.

Cov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog thaum tus neeg mob xav tias kev txhawb nqa tsis yog cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog lawv cov txheeb ze thiab cov kws kho mob. Qhov no yuav pab tau nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws los kho cov qub atherosclerosis ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua tau zoo, tsis hais qhov hnyav ntawm lub hlwb puas tsuaj.

Yuav ua li cas pom zoo

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo uas tus neeg mob yuav xis nyob raws li qhov ua tau. Cov khoom hauv qab no yuav tsum suav nrog hauv cov kev ntsuas kev kho kom rov zoo:

  • tshuaj kho mob;
  • LFK (kev kho lub cev kab lis kev cai);
  • kev ua haujlwm kho mob.

Thaum kuaj pom qhov teeb meem qeeb ntawm cerebral insufficiency, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub neej zoo li no uas tus neeg mob yuav tsis xav tias txwv.

Kev kho kom rov zoo rau cov menyuam yaus yog qhov yooj yim dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua vim tias muaj cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab hauv lawv thiab cov sijhawm tseem ceeb rau neuroplasticity. Yog li, raws li txoj cai, lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam qeeb.

Zoo kawg

Cerebral insufficiency yog ib yam kab mob nyuaj thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb. Tsuas yog kev kho mob nyuaj tuaj yeem txo tus neeg mob tus mob thiab tsawg kawg ib nrab rov qab los rau nws lub neej ib txwm muaj.

Pom zoo: