Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm WHO tau qhia tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua xua hauv Russia tau nce 20%. Daim duab yog qhov hnyav thiab yuav tsum tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm kev ntsuas tsim nyog. Tau kawg, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuaj, kev ua xua ua ib qho kev tshem tawm tau yooj yim; tsis ntev los no, kev tshuaj xyuas zoo txog Zodak tee tau ntsib nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov tshuaj puas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab nws qhov peculiarity yog dab tsi? Nyeem cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog Zodak kev tsis haum tshuaj poob rau hauv kab lus no.
Information and composition
Raws li cov chaw tsim khoom, ib milliliter ntawm cov tshuaj muaj 10 mg ntawm cetirizine dihydrochloride. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj muaj cov khoom nram qab no: methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, glycerol, propylene glycol, sodium saccharinate dihydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, glacial acetic acid thiab, ntawm chav kawm, purified dej.
Cov khoom xyaw yog maj mam thaum piv nrogLwm cov tshuaj antiallergic, thiab excipients feem ntau yog siv los dilute qhov concentration ntawm lub ntsiab thiab khaws nws cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv pob, uas yog, rau kev khaws cia. Vim muaj qhov sib xws ntawm Zodak tee, cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj yuav txawv ntawm pob tshab mus rau lub teeb daj.
Pharmacotherapeutic pab pawg. Pharmacological Properties
Cov chaw tsim khoom thov cov tshuaj yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau H1 receptors.
Cov khoom nram qab no tau qhia hauv cov lus qhia rau Zodak poob:
- Blocks histamine receptors.
- Tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua xua thiab ua kom yooj yim ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Muaj txiaj ntsig cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li pob khaus thiab liab ntawm tus neeg mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb kuj tau ua pov thawj tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov neeg muaj kev fab tshuaj thiab mob me me rau mob ntsws asthma.
- Yog tias pom zoo noj ntau npaum li cas, kev txhim kho hauv kev noj qab haus huv tau pom ob qho tib si hauv "seasonal" thiab cov neeg tsis haum tshuaj txhua xyoo.
- Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5 txog 12 xyoos, pom tias lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj. Ib yam mus rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 6-11 lub hlis. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 6 txog 12 lub hlis tsuas yog tso cai los ntawm cov tshuaj thiab nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Hais txog kev nqus tshuaj:
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cetirizine hauv cov ntshav tau mus txog hauv 1.0-1.5 teev thiab nce mus txog qhov txwv ntawm 300 ng / ml. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev noj zaub mov tsis ua rau cov khoom nqus nqus, tab sis txo qisqhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Ntxiv mus, daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj, tshuaj ntsiav thiab ntsiav tshuaj yog piv rau lawv cov khoom
Hais txog kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cev:
Nws yog kab, nyob ntawm hnub nyoog, qhov hnyav, ntau npaum li cas. Ib nrab-lub neej, qhov nruab nrab, yog 10 teev. Cov lus qhia rau Zodak tee qhia lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv - kaum hnub ntawm kev noj txhua hnub ntawm 10 mg, thaum tsis muaj cov tshuaj hauv lub cev tau sau tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob hauv ib kis
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Tau kawg, qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau cov menyuam yaus txij li 6 lub hlis thiab cov neeg laus yog cov tsos mob ua xua, uas tuaj yeem txo tau nrog kev siv Zodak kom raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov nram qab no tej yam kev mob:
- ua xua rhinitis thiab conjunctivitis (xyoo puag ncig thiab raws caij nyoog);
- mob urticaria;
- Quicke's edema;
- lacrimation, rhinorrhea, qhov ntswg congestion, khaus thiab txham vim yog cov saum toj no thiab lwm yam kab mob ua xua.
Ua ntej kuaj pom qee yam zoo ib yam li cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog tus kws tshaj lij, vim tias kev siv Zodak tee rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev kho mob.
YContraindications
Txhawm rau zam qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev tsis zoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv lossis kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob tshiab, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov npecontraindications. Ntau tus tsis quav ntsej txog cov khoom no, ntseeg tias tsuas yog ntau tshaj ntawm cov tshuaj Zodak tee tuaj yeem ua rau koj tsis xis nyob, tab sis hauv qab no yog cov npe txwv.
- Yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus siab rau ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cetirizine thiab hydroxyzine.
- Lub raum tsis ua haujlwm kawg, qhov twg CC tsawg dua 10 ml / min.
- Vim kev kawm txog cov menyuam yaus tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb, cov tshuaj kuj tsis raug siv ua ntej hnub nyoog rau lub hlis.
- Kev xeeb tub thaum twg los tau. Yog li ntawd, tus menyuam hauv plab tseem me dua thiab muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li thawj rau lub hlis ntawm lub neej, yog li tshuaj rau cov niam uas muaj menyuam kuj raug txwv.
Kev siv tshuaj thiab ntau npaum li cas rau cov neeg mob
Kev siv Zodak poob raws li cov lus qhia yooj yim heev. Siv cov tshuaj sab hauv, tom qab muab cov tshuaj tso rau hauv ib rab diav los yog yaj hauv ib qho dej. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv tam sim ntawd. Txoj hauv kev no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv rau cov menyuam mos, txij li Zodak cov me nyuam cov tee tsis tsim, vim muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom.
- Rau cov neeg laus. Qhov koob tshuaj yog 10 mg ib hnub ib zaug, uas yog 20 tee. Feem ntau ib nrab koob tshuaj txaus yog tias nws txaus kom ua tiav qhov tshwm sim.
- Cov neeg laus. Rau cov neeg uas lub raum ua haujlwm zoo li qub, tsis tas yuav txo qhov koob tshuaj.
- Cov neeg muaj lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Hauv cov neeg mob zoo li no, cov tshuaj tau muab tshuaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum tsis muaj lwm txoj kev kho mob. Tom qab ntawd cov koob tshuaj raug kho raws li CC (creatinine tshem tawm), vim tias cov tshuaj tseem ceeb cetirizine raug tawm ntawm lub cev mus rau ntau dua los ntawm ob lub raum. Kev suav cov nqi ntawm QC rau cov txiv neej thiab poj niam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Cov hauv qab no yog cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
Calculation formula for men: CC (ml/min)=[140 - age (in years)] × body weight (in kilograms) ÷ 72 × CC serum (mg/dl).
Rau cov poj niam, QC suav nrog tib txoj kev, tsuas yog qhov txiaj ntsig tau muab faib ua 0.85.
Rau cov neeg laus uas muaj lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, cov koob tshuaj raug xam los ntawm cov lus hauv qab no.
| Lub raum tsis ua haujlwm (los ntawm qhov hnyav) | CC (ml/min) | Khoom |
| Norma | Ntau tshaj 80 | 10 mg/day |
| Easy | 50–79 | 10 mg/day |
| Average | 30–49 | 5mg/day |
| Hav | Less than 30 | 5mg txhua hnub |
| Terminal stage (tus neeg mob hemodialysis) | Less than 10 | Tshuaj txwv tsis pub |
Cov neeg muaj lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj kev kho yuav tsum tau kho, tab sis yog tias muaj qhov tsis ua haujlwm raug kuaj pom tib lub sijhawmob lub raum thiab daim siab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm kev suav cov lus qhia saum toj no.
Cov me nyuam. Rov qab hais dua ib zaug ntxiv tias rau cov tshuaj "Zodak" cov me nyuam noj (rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos) tsis tau muab, lawv tsuas yog muab los ntawm kws kho mob xwb.
Hnub nyoog 6 hli mus rau 1 xyoos: 2.5mg (sib npaug rau 5 tee) noj ib hnub ib zaug.
Hnub nyoog 1 txog 6 xyoo: 2.5 mg (5 tee) ob zaug ib hnub.
Hnub nyoog 6 txog 12: 5 mg (10 tee) ob zaug ib hnub.
Hnub nyoog 12+: 10mg (20 tee) ib hnub ib zaug. Raws li nrog rau cov neeg laus noj, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus koob tshuaj ntawm 5mg (10 tee) tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev.
Yog tias tus menyuam muaj lub raum tsis txaus, ces cov koob tshuaj raug suav nrog suav nrog cov ntsuas ntawm CC thiab lub cev hnyav.
Kev mob tshwm sim thiab tshuaj ntau dhau
Cov ntaub ntawv seb puas muaj kev phiv ntawm Zodak tee thiab cov nyhuv ntawm tib neeg lub cev tau txais los ntawm kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam.
Vim li ntawd, cov teebmeem me me tau tshwm sim uas tshwm sim rau ntawm tib neeg lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, xws li qaug zog, qaug zog, mob taub hau thiab kiv taub hau. Qee qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, stimulation ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Tsis tshua muaj, tab sis muaj teeb meem tso zis, ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov muag pom (tsis tseeb myopia) thiab lub qhov ncauj qhuav. Qee lub sij hawm muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub siab ua haujlwm, uas tau ua ke nrog kev nce hauv cov haujlwm ntawm nws cov enzymes.
Feem ntau tom qab txiav tawmCov koob tshuaj yav dhau los ntawm tee "Zodak" cov tsos mob tsis zoo tuaj rau qhov tsis zoo. Thov nco ntsoov tias cov txiaj ntsig saum toj no yog qhov nruab nrab. Raws li qhov tseeb, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob tshwm sim tsawg dua. Daim ntawv teev npe tshwj xeeb ntxiv tuaj yeem pom hauv cov lus qhia ntxaws hauv pob.
Daim ntawv thov kev tso npe tom qab. Ntxiv rau qhov tshwm sim saum toj no, cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntxiv tau raug txheeb xyuas thiab piav qhia nyob rau lub sijhawm siv tom qab sau npe.
Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog qee cov npe uas tsis tshua muaj, tsis tshua muaj, thiab cov xwm txheej tsis paub meej. Cov no yog: thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity rhiab heev, thiab txawm tsawg zaus anaphylactic poob siab, nce qab los noj mov, agitation, convulsions, saj hloov, vertigo, dystonia, tshee, pw tsaug zog, raws plab, tachycardia, enuresis, hnyav nce.
Yeej, qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sau cov npe no yog ntawm kev tiv thaiv txhua yam kab mob uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev phiv ntawm Zodak tee. Lawv cov ntawv tso cai tso cai saib xyuas qhov sib npaug ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tshuaj no rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Los ntawm sab kws kho mob, cov tsos mob ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb ntawm tus neeg. Ntawm qhov koob tshuaj 50 mg, cov tshuaj hauv qab no tau pom: tsis meej pem, cov quav tsis muaj zog, kiv taub hau thiab tsis ua haujlwm, mob taub hau, ua tsis taus pa, khaus tawv nqaij, khaus khaus thiab ntxhov siab, tsis muaj zog, tshee thiab tso zis. Feem ntau muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tachycardia thiab stupor.
Txawm tias qhov tseeb tias cov kev tshawb fawb tau sau tseg qhov feem pua ntawm kev qaug zog tom qab siv cov tshuaj, piv nrog cov placebo pab pawg, raws li kev xyaum, nws tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo yog qhov mob me thiab tsis tseem ceeb. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg kawm tau sau tseg tias cov kev mob tshwm sim no tsis cuam tshuam rau lub neej niaj hnub thiab nws qhov zoo.
Kev kho mob ntau dhau. Yog hais tias ib qho overdose ntawm Zodak tee tshwm sim, nws yog qhov ceev kom tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj, ua rau ntuav, thiab ntsuas lub plab. Nws kuj tseem yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau haus cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas xav tau los ntawm qhov hnyav, nrog kws kho mob yog tias tom qab qee lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev txhim kho, vim tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.
Kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam tshuaj
Tsis muaj kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cetirizine thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau ua tiav, thaum lub sijhawm nws tau pom tias kev siv tshuaj thiab cawv ib txhij, nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv nruab nrab, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txo qis ntau dua ntawm tus neeg lub siab thiab nws qhov nrawm. tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov xwm txheej. Txawm hais tias cetirizine yuav tsis ua kom cov nyhuv ntawm cawv yog tias nws cov concentration hauv cov ntshav yog 0.5 g / l.
YContraindications
- Siv thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas tau ua tiav ntawm ntau dua 700 qhov txiaj ntsigcev xeeb tub, qhov twg tsis muaj malformations ntawm lub embryo los yog fetus tau kuaj pom. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb loj thiab tswj tau zoo hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, yog li cov lus qhia rau Zodak tshuaj txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj no.
- Thaum lub sij hawm lactation, kev siv tshuaj tsuas yog ua tau yog tias qhov txiaj ntsig rau leej niam muaj ntau dua qhov kev pheej hmoo siab rau tus menyuam, vim tias cov tshuaj nquag pom muaj ncaj qha rau hauv niam cov kua mis, thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho txiaj ntsig (los ntawm 25 mus rau 90 feem pua), thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv tus menyuam lub cev, yog li kev siv yuav tsum tau pom zoo nrog tus kws kho mob thiab saib xyuas los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas tuaj yeem tswj xyuas yuav ua li cas coj Zodak hauv tee.
- Tsav tsheb thiab koom nrog kev ua phem. Nrog rau kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm lub peev xwm tsav tsheb, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem, qee yam tsis zoo tsis tau pom rau qee yam uas yuav tshwm sim tom qab siv Zodak tee raws li cov lus qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj kev phiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qaug zog, qaug zog, kiv taub hau thaum noj cov tshuaj, ces nws yuav yog ib qho laj thawj ntxiv rau kev tso tseg cov dej num txaus ntshai thiab kev tsav tsheb, qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv thiab xav tau.
- mob raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab cuam tshuam ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sab laj tus kws kho mob thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov lus saum toj no.
- Cov neeg mob thaum laus thiab laus. Yog tias muaj qhov txo qis hauv qhov zoo ntawm glomerular filtration.
- Ntau hom mob vwm thiabnce convulsive npaj ntawm lub cev.
- Kev raug mob txha caj qaum thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub caj pas prostate, nrog rau lwm yam ua rau muaj kev tso zis tso zis.
Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab rau tib neeg lub paj hlwb, yog li ntawd, thaum muab tshuaj Zodak poob thaum cev xeeb tub, kawm txog keeb kwm kev kho mob ntawm tus neeg mob tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb yog menyuam yaus, tsuas yog tsim nyog, txij li thaum muaj ntau yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus me nyuam mos tuag tam sim ntawd hauv hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos.
- Sleep apnea lossis sudden infant death syndrome hauv tus neeg mob cov kwv tij.
- Kev siv yeeb tshuaj los yog haus luam yeeb thaum cev xeeb tub.
- Niam hnub nyoog qis dua cuaj caum.
- Yog tias muaj tus neeg haus luam yeeb nyob ze tus menyuam (piv txwv li, tus nais maum) uas haus luam yeeb ntau dua ib pob ib hnub.
- Yog tus me nyuam pheej tsaug zog poob ntsej muag thiab tsis tig rov qab.
- Tus me nyuam ntxov ntxov (hnub nyoog qis dua 37 lub lis piam) yug me nyuam qhov hnyav.
- Yog tias muaj ib txhij noj tshuaj uas muaj qhov tsis zoo rau lub paj hlwb ntawm tus menyuam.
- Yog tias muaj cov tshuaj uas muaj xws li cov tshuaj pabcuam, xws li methylparabenzene thiab propylparabenzene. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj, suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb.
Daim ntawv tso tawm, cov xwm txheej rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm Zodak poob los ntawm kev ua xua
Cov tshuaj tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom raws li cov tshuaj hauv daim ntawv tee rau kev tswj qhov ncauj 10 mg / ml.
Ua rau hauv lub khob tsaus nti ntawm 20 ml, corked nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb stopper nrog lub dropper muaj nuj nqi, nrog rau lub kaus mom tiv thaiv menyuam yaus. Tom qab siv, lub raj mis yuav tsum tau capped dua thiab rov nruj dua. Txhua lub raj mis tuaj hauv ib txheej nrog cov lus qhia ntxaws rau kev siv thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv ntawv. Nws tsis xav tau tshwj xeeb cia tej yam kev mob. Thiab tseem, nws suav nrog kev khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus, piv txwv li, hauv cov khoom siv pab thawj zaug lossis rooj plaub tshwj xeeb.
Hnub tas sij hawm ntawm Zodak tee yog 3 xyoos txij li hnub teeb meem, nws hnub tim tau qhia rau ntawm pob. Kev siv tom qab hnub tas sij hawm yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab txwv tsis pub. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum muab pov tseg tam sim ntawd.
Analogues ntawm cov tshuaj
Tau kawg, cov tshuaj no muaj cov analogues zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom thiab lub hom phiaj, feem ntau muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Txij li thaum kev lag luam kws tshuaj tau ua kom muaj kev vam meej nyob rau xyoo tas los no, ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj muaj kuj tau nthuav dav. Piv txwv li, Zodak tee ua haujlwm ntev npaum li cas? Qhov nruab nrab, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog li 24 teev. Thiab yog hais tias koj xav tau ib tug muaj zog los yog, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, tsis muaj zog antihistamine? Los yog tsis muaj tee hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj?
Ntawm no yog ob peb qhov piv txwv ntawm Zodak dauv.
Tus nqi kim tshaj yog Parlazin. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo, sai sai absorbed, txawm tias siv cov khoom noj. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo sib xws thiab sib npaug li 1 hnub. Muaj rausiv rau cov me nyuam los ntawm lub xyoo.
"Zirtek" - tib 24 teev siv tau, nws yog txwv tsis pub rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos, txij li kev kawm hauv cheeb tsam no tsis tau ua. Daim ntawv tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj yog txwv rau cov version hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv rau cov me nyuam, nws yog advisable mus tsoo cov tshuaj thiab do nyob rau hauv ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov kua.
"Citrine" - kuj muaj daim ntawv tso tawm tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv ntsiav tshuaj. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj yog tsom rau cov neeg laus ntau dua, txij li kev siv "Citrine" tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm hnub nyoog rau rau xyoo. Kev siv cov zaub mov tsis cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov tshuaj formulation.
Kev tshuaj xyuas txog Zodak tee los ntawm cov neeg mob feem ntau yog qhov zoo, vim tias cov tshuaj muaj daim ntawv mos tshaj plaws thiab raug tso cai rau menyuam yaus txij li rau lub hlis, yog tias tsim nyog. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj twg los kho kev tsis haum rau koj tus kheej lossis cov menyuam yaus, tsis yog ntawm koj tus kheej, tab sis nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham, vim tias cov tshuaj yuav ua rau pom qhov tsis zoo uas yuav tsum tau tswj.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv cov tshuaj no yog nws tus nqi. Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog analogues, cov efficiency yuav luag sib npaug, tab sis tus nqi yog txawv. Raws li rau daim ntawv tso tawm, nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los siv cov tee rau cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog, tsis hais lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw, ib qho ntxiv, lub ntim khoom muaj ib qho yooj yim pipette dispenser. Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov saib xyuas cov hnub tas sij hawm, kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub ntim thiab tsis txhob txaj muag nug cov ntaub ntawv rau cov tshuaj ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Ib tus kws muag tshuaj uas muaj lub siab xav yuav muab rau lawv yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Tsis tas litsis nco qab ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev noj tshuaj thiab kev siv tshuaj.
