Hnub no, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb puas muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory lossis kab mob ntshav hauv lub cev, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kuaj cytological smear lossis kuaj ntshav. Neutrophil leukocytes thiab lawv tus lej hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam tuaj yeem qhia qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab lub ntsiab lus no kom ntxaws, kab lus no tau tsim.
Neutrophils. Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Neutrophil leukocytes, lossis raws li lawv kuj hu ua neutrophil granulocytes, yog hom leukocyte. Lawv zoo li cov qe ntshav dawb, lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob, thiab txhawb kev tiv thaiv tib neeg nws tus kheej.
Qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm neutrophils yog cov pob txha pob txha, ces lawv "migrate" rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab lawv ceev yog 7 lab ib feeb. Kev ncig ntawm neutrophils hauv cov ntshav kav li 8 teev mus rau 2 hnub, tom qab ntawd lawv txav mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg, qhov twg.thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv lub cev. Hauv tib cov ntaub so ntswg, neutrophils tuag.
Neutrophils yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab ntau heev ntawm txhua yam subtypes ntawm leukocytes hauv cov ntshav, thiab lawv feem pua yog 45-70% ntawm leukocytes, uas yog 12-15 microns inch.
Neutrophil leukocytes ua haujlwm ntawm "lub tsheb thauj neeg mob". Lawv khaws "cov cim ntawm qhov mob" thiab tam sim ntawd txav mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov txhab. Kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev kub hnyiab, qhov txhab, qhov txhab, raug mob, thiab lwm yam. Kev txo qis ntawm cov neutrophils tshwm sim vim muaj tus kab mob hauv lub cev, kab mob parasitic invasions.
Views
Neutrophil granulocytes hauv cov ntshav tau muab faib ua ob hom raws li cov qauv ntawm cov nucleus:
- Stab neutrophilic leukocytes - muaj cov duab ntawm tus nees-puab-puab nucleus, suav hais tias tseem tsis tau paub tab lossis menyuam yaus neutrophils.
- Segmented neutrophil granulocytes yog cov laus daim ntawv ntawm cov neutrophil nrog ib segmented nucleus. Lawv kuj hu ua "heroic", vim thaum lawv ntsib microbes, lawv nqus lawv thiab tuag.
txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub xeev ntawm tib neeg lub cev, cov kws tshaj lij piv cov feem pua ntawm cov laus thiab cov hluas neutrophils. Nws yog paub tias nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos muaj ib tug ntau ntawm stab neutrophils, tab sis tom qab xws li cell hloov mus rau segmented sawv cev. Thiab tom qab peb lub lis piam ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov laus thiab cov menyuam yaus yog theem.
Norma
Tus lej ntawm neutrophilsleukocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav txawv raws lub hnub nyoog, tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej.
Tus nqi lus qhia hauv qab no.
| hnub nyoog | Tus nqi nruab nrab | |
| Stab neutrophils | Segmented neutrophils | |
| 1 to 5% | 27 txog 55%. | |
| Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos | 1 to 5% | 20 txog 55% |
| Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 15 xyoos | 1 txog 4% | 40 txog 60% |
| Tus neeg laus | Tag nrho ntawm 45 txog 70% | |
Yuav kom txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov neutrophils hauv cov ntshav, cov kws kho mob tau sau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog ntshav.
Rhinocytogram
Rhinocytogram yog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb uas tau ua los ntawm kev siv cov smear ntawm lub qhov ntswg kom paub meej qhov mob ntawm qhov ntswg lossis lwm yam kab mob. Qhov kev kuaj mob no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev ua xua rhinitis.
Yog li, qhov kev tshawb fawb no yuav qhia dab tsi:
- ua xua ua rau lub qhov ntswg o;
- kuaj mob txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas lwm yam ua rau mob rhinitis;
- tiv thaiv kev mob ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj;
- xaiv txoj kev kho mob raws sijhawm;
- tiv thaiv kev nyuaj.
Ua ntej ua qhov kev kuaj mob no, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxuav koj lub qhov ntswg lossis siv lwm txoj hau kev rau nws.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsigKev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov piv ntawm eosinophils thiab neutrophil leukocytes nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg swab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov kev siv ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua xua lossis kab mob:
- Yog tias muaj ntau dua neutrophils hauv microflora, ces muaj kab mob hauv lub qhov ntswg thiab hauv tag nrho lub cev. Cov qib neutrophil nce siab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj mob hnyav.
- Yog tias muaj eosinophils ntau dua (ntau dua 10%), ces tus neeg ntawd muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj ntau dua.
- Ntau ntau ntawm cov neutrophils thiab eosinophils qhia tias muaj kev tsis haum rhinitis, uas nyuaj los ntawm kev kis kab mob thib ob.
- Tsawg lossis tsis muaj neutrophils thiab eosinophils yuav qhia tias muaj vasomotor rhinitis.
Pathological ua rau qis neutrophils
Kev txo qis neutrophil leukocytes hauv smear tuaj yeem yog vim:
- peptic ulcer;
- ntau yam kab mob kis;
- kab mob kab mob;
- purulent o;
- ntshav qab zib;
- kab mob protozoal;
- agranulocytosis;
- typhus thiab lwm tus
Tsis yog cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis ntawm cov neutrophils hauv cov ntshav, tab sis kuj yog lub xeev ntawm tus neeg nws tus kheej:
- tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv;
- vim tshuaj kho mob;
- vim muaj mob hnyav;
- nrog tshuaj kho;
- vim kev poob siab anaphylactic;
- tom qab kev kho hluav taws xob;
- vim nyob hauv ib puag ncig tsis zoothaj chaw.
Ntxiv rau qhov no, muaj ntau lwm yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm neutrophil leukocytes: kev tawm dag zog ntau dhau lossis qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim (cov qib neutrophil txij thaum yug los yog qis dua li qub).
Pathological ua rau siab neutrophils
siab neutrophil leukocytes hauv cytology yuav txhais tau tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv lub cev. Cov tom kawg nyob rau hauv tsos yog generalized thiab localized. Generalized - qhov no yog qhov swb ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob nrog cov kab mob hnyav xws li, piv txwv li, kab mob cholera thiab sepsis. Cov kab mob hauv zos yog cov kab mob uas muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw lossis thaj chaw ntawm tib neeg lub cev, piv txwv li: tonsillitis, purulent qhov txhab, pyelonephritis, mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam. Kev nce qib ntawm neutrophils tau pom los ntawm cov kab mob xws li:
- mob ntshav qab zib;
- burns;
- mob qog noj ntshav;
- dermatitis thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- kab mob genitourinary;
- gangrene;
- raug thiab puas los ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm lub cev.
Ua kom dhau qhov kev cai ntawm cov neutrophils hauv cov ntshav yuav yog qhov tshwm sim ib ntus uas tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam. Cov no suav nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev ntxhov siab, kev ua si lub cev ntau dhau, kev qhia txog tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis lwm yam tshuaj. Txhawm rau kom cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas kom ntseeg tau raws li qhov ua tau, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov xwm txheej no ua ntej kuaj kuaj.
Vim muaj ntau yam kab mob thiab kab mob, cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov ntshav hloov pauv, uas tso cai rau cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab tus kab mob tiag tiag nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sim. Neutrophil granulocytes tuaj yeem nce siab vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj, tab sis qhov tseeb tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv yuam ib tus neeg mus rau kev kuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Qhov kev kuaj mob no tau ua tiav los ntawm txhua yam ua tau uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev tsis zoo.
Txoj kev ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm neutropenia
Neutropenia yog ib yam mob uas neutrophil leukocytes qis hauv cov ntshav. Nws twb tau hais saum toj no tias neutrophils hnov mob txawv teb chaws hauv lub cev thiab hauv txhua txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Ntawd yog, thaum neutrophils pom muaj kab mob hauv lub cev, lawv tsim "thaiv" nyob ib puag ncig qhov mob, yog li tsim teeb meem rau kev sib kis ntxiv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li kev tawm tsam ntawm neutrophilic leukocytes thiab kev kis kab mob yuav tsim cov kua paug hauv lub qhov txhab, ib qho mob inflammatory thiab intoxication syndrome.
Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias thaum xub thawj tus neeg muaj neutropenia, tab sis vim qhov no, tus kab mob tuaj yeem kis mus thoob plaws lub cev thiab ua rau mob sepsis. Thawj qhov kev kho mob tshwm sim ntawm neutropenia yuav yog:
- stomatitis;
- gingivitis;
- purulent tonsillitis;
- osteomyelitis;
- abscess;
- sepsis.
Cov neeg mob uas raug mob neutropenia yuav tsum tsis txhob tiv tauj nrog lwm tus neeg mob, thiab lawv tsis pom zoo kom nyob hauv qhov chaw.neeg coob coob. Txhua xyoo nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev npaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws caij nyoog. Tsis tas li ntawd, microbes uas muaj kev nyab xeeb tag nrho rau tus neeg nruab nrab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg mob neutropenic.
Kev kho mob rau neutrophilia
Yog tias cov leukocytes neutrophil nce siab (los ntawm lub qhov ntswg hauv qhov smear, piv txwv li), koj yuav tsum xub txheeb xyuas qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua, vim tsis muaj kev kho ncaj qha uas yuav pab txo qis neutrophils.
Cov hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm kev ua hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm neutrophil (ntau tus lej ntawm neutrophils):
- Nco ntsoov mus ntsib tus kws kho mob thiab muab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim, nrog rau qhia nws txog qhov muaj qee yam tsos mob.
- Yuav kom paub meej qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov kev xeem, koj yuav tsum tau rov qab lawv, thaum ua raws tag nrho cov cai los npaj rau kev kuaj mob.
- Yog hais tias neutrophilia tseem raug lees paub, tom qab ntawd cov kauj ruam tom ntej yuav yog qhov kev kuaj mob tiav ntawm lub cev txhawm rau kuaj cov kab mob inflammatory.
- Tom qab kev kuaj mob kom ntxaws, cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tau sau tshuaj kho raws li tus kab mob:
- tshuaj tua kab mob;
- immunostimulants;
- sedatives;
- corticosteroids;
- ntxuav cov ntshav ntawm cov leukocytes ntau dhau.
Kev kho rau neutropenia
Yog tias neutrophil leukocytes nyob rau hauv ib qho smear rau cytology qis dua li ib txwm, raws li cov lus piav qhia saum toj no, qhov laj thawj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Tab sis feem ntau tom qabRaws li ib tug neeg tau kis tus kab mob thiab zoo lawm, neutrophils pib rov zoo lawv tus kheej. Raws li txoj cai, kev kho mob rau neutropenia yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cov tshuaj hauv qab no feem ntau yog muab tshuaj:
- leukopoiesis stimulants (mob nyhuv);
- "Pentoxyl" (cov nyhuv nruab nrab);
- "Methyluracil" (cov nyhuv nruab nrab);
- "Filgrastim" (cov nyhuv muaj zog);
- "Lenograstim" (cov nyhuv muaj zog).
Kuv yuav hu rau leej twg?
Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam, koj yuav tsum hu rau cov kws kho mob hauv qab no:
- rau tus kws kho mob;
- rau tus kws tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- hematologist,
- allergist.
Cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog sau ntawv kho mob rau kev sib sau ntawm neutrophil leukocytes, tab sis kuj pom zoo ua raws li cov lus qhia no:
- txiav cawv thiab haus luam yeeb;
- hmoov tsaug zog;
- kho txhua hnub;
- haus li 2 litres dej ib hnub;
- ua kis las kis las;
- tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab thiab lwm yam kev ntxhov siab;
- khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig (5 zaug hauv ib hnub) hauv me me;
- Yvitamin noj.
