Ib yam ntawm tib neeg lub cev tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yog auricle. Nws yog txawv los ntawm ib tug heev complex qauv, tab sis txaus simplicity nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Tib neeg auricle muaj peev xwm tau txais ntau lub suab teeb liab, ua kom nrov nrov thiab hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob impulses los ntawm kev vibrations yooj yim tshaj plaws.
pob ntseg
Lub pob ntseg muaj cov qauv ua ke, uas yog, ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm tib neeg lub taub hau, nws nyob ntawm pob ntseg. Lawv nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub pob txha taub hau, uas lawv txuas nrog kev pab los ntawm cov leeg rudimentary. Peb yuav tsis muaj peev xwm kawm ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub cev, txij li thaum peb tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog sab nrauv - auricles. Peb pob ntseg muaj peev xwm pom tau cov suab paj nruag, qhov ntev ntawm ib chav tsev ntawm lub sij hawm yog los ntawm 20 txhiab mechanical vibrations.
Lawv kuj muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav, uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm peb cov hlab ntsha: sab cev nqaij daim tawv, parotid thiab posterior. Muaj ntau cov hlab ntsha ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv uas muab cov thermoregulation.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm pob ntseg, lossis theej, hloov tsis tau,yog ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm hnov. Ua tsaug rau txhua qhov hauv qab no:
- pob ntseg sab nraud - yog ncaj qha auricle thiab dhau;
- pob ntseg nruab nrab - suav nrog tympanic membrane, ossicles, Eustachian raj thiab nruab nrab pob ntseg kab noj hniav;
- pob ntseg sab hauv - muaj lub suab tshuab, cochlea thiab labyrinth system.
Kev faib tawm no yog vim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Auricle functions
Txhua ntu ntawm pob ntseg ua nws txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb:
- capturing audio signals;
- hloov lub suab kom txuas ntxiv mus rau pob ntseg;
- txais tos thiab ua tiav ntawm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb rau kev taw qhia hauv av;
- tiv thaiv lub pob ntseg kom puas;
- thermoregulation;
- Kev tiv thaiv pob ntseg ntawm plua plav.
qauv ntawm auricle
Qhov no ntawm pob ntseg yog lub luag haujlwm kom tau txais cov suab nthwv dej thiab zaus. Lub plhaub yog lub receiver ntawm signals thiab ib tug repeater nyob rau hauv lub pob ntseg kwj dej. Xav txog sab nraud auricle, uas suav nrog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus xws li:
- tragus;
- lobe;
- antitragus;
- anti-helix;
- curl;
- rov.
Cov pob ntseg sab nraud muaj cov qauv me me ntawm cov qauv tuab hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub phaj funnel-zoo li tag nrho los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hauv qab no yog ib daim tawv nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg adipose - lub lobe. Cov qauv no ntawm lub auricle tsis ruaj khov heev thiab, rauHmoov tsis zoo, nws yog qhov rhiab heev txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj rau txhua yam. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj yog peb cov kws ncaws pob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog boxers thiab wrestlers. Lawv lub plhaub tau raug deformed loj heev vim yog kev puas tsuaj ntau zaus.
Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm pob txha mos ntawm lub auricle, muaj ib tug nkhaus ntug - ib tug curl, thiab ib tug antihelix yog nyob rau hauv parallel. Ua tsaug rau txhua qhov khoov, lub suab tuaj yog distorted.
Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub auricle, tsuas yog tom qab lub tragus thiab antitragus, yog sab nraud auditory kwj dej. Qhov no yog ib qho nkhaus channel uas lub suab vibrations dhau mus rau nruab nrab pob ntseg. Sab nraud, nws cov phab ntsa muaj cov ntaub so ntswg cartilaginous, thiab sab hauv muaj cov ntaub so ntswg lawm.
tragus
Outwardly, nws zoo li me me loj hlob nrog daim tawv nqaij. Nws yuav zoo li, dab tsi ua haujlwm ntawm lub pob ntseg no tuaj yeem muaj? Tab sis tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim heev. Tsis muaj ib qho tsis ua haujlwm hauv peb lub cev. Tragus xav tau rau:
- tiv thaiv pob ntseg ntawm av;
- txheeb xyuas lub suab nrov;
- pab qhia lub suab los ntawm sab nraub qaum lossis sab;
- muaj peev xwm kuaj tau qee yam kab mob pob ntseg.
Nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm tib neeg lub pob ntseg, lub tragus tuaj ntawm cov duab sib txawv thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Nws, zoo li pob ntseg, suav hais tias yog ib qho khoom ua ke. Lub countertragus ua raws li nws khub.
Lobe
Nov yog ib feem ntawm pob ntseg uas muaj dermal fatty qauv. Nws ua lub teeb liab muaj nuj nqi los ntawm kev hloov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Piv txwv li, xim liab ntawm lub lobe qhia tias cov ntshav ncig tau nce,thiab xim daj ntseg lossis daj, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, hais tias cov ntshav tsis txaus. Yog hais tias lub suab yog ze rau xiav, nws yog pom tseeb tias tag nrho cov kab mob yog hypothermia. Ua tsaug rau lub lobe, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias muaj qee qhov teeb meem nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov quav. Pob txuv thiab pob txuv yuav qhia txog qhov no.
Curl
Sab saum toj thiab sab ntug ntawm pob ntseg. Ib yam li lub tragus, nws hais txog qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm lub auricle. Raws li ib tug ob peb, anti-helix ua. Es tsis txhob, lawv ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev hloov kho txhua yam teeb liab los ntawm sab nraud, uas yog tom qab hloov dua siab tshiab thiab mus ntxiv rau hauv pob ntseg kwj dej. Ntawm curl, koj tuaj yeem qhia sai sai txog tus neeg nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias nws yog dav thiab protruding, ces koj muaj ib tug neeg uas nyob ruaj khov rau hauv av, heev tswv yim thiab muaj tswv yim. Yog hais tias lub curl yog nyias thiab nqaim, ces tus neeg yog twv yuav raug hu muaj tswv yim, sab ntsuj plig, nrog ib tug zoo lub koom haum ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Tab sis yog tias, saib ntawm anti-helix, koj tuaj yeem pom nws qhov protrusion, qhov no qhia tau tias tus neeg muaj kev xav tau tsim heev.
Roob
Qhov no yog qhov zawj ntawm lub auricle, nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov curl thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub hom phiaj yog kom tau txais cov suab nrov thiab ua rau lawv.
Suab perception
Tib neeg tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm pob ntseg nkaus xwb, raws li hom kev zoo nkauj, tsom rau lawv cov xim ntawm cov lobes, kho kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau yam khoom siv. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg xav txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg auricles. Lub pob ntseg sab nraud rau tib neeg yog "lub qhov ncauj",sau ntau lub suab los ntawm sab nraud. Koj puas tau pom tias thaum peb yuav tsum mloog cov suab ntsiag to, peb tsis nco qab muab peb xib teg rau peb pob ntseg? Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tswj hwm no, thaj tsam ntawm auricle nce, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev nyiam ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj.
Catching sounds and the process of listening with the pob ntseg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub suab. Nyob ntawm sab, qhov ceev ntawm lub suab ncav cuag yuav txawv. Piv txwv li, cov teeb liab tuaj txog ntawm sab mus txog lub pob ntseg ze tshaj ob peb tus lej nrawm dua li lwm qhov. Nws yog qhov txawv me me ntawm lub sijhawm uas txaus rau peb kom nkag siab meej tias sab twg lub suab los ntawm.
Yog thaum sib tham koj rub lub auricles ntawm tus interlocutor, ces qhov ntws ntawm lub suab yuav nce. Lawv yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov chaw thiab, nrog kev pab los ntawm ntau tus neeg folds, hloov suab - tus interlocutor lub suab yuav nrov dua thiab ntxaum. Hloov pauv, yog tias koj kaw koj lub pob ntseg lossis pib txav mus deb ntawm tus neeg sib tham, ces nws lub suab yuav dhau mus, thiab cov suab yuav raug txo kom tsawg.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm txhua lub suab teeb liab, tag nrho cov folds, khoov thiab indentations ntawm lub auricle ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nyob rau ntawm nws ua raws li qhov chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam uas hloov cov suab nyuaj rau hauv cov yooj yim dua. Yog li ntawd, nws yooj yim dua rau tus neeg kom pom cov ntawm lawv, qhov chaw uas nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej los yog saum toj no nws, dua li cov uas tuaj tom qab los yog hauv qab. Los ntawm txoj kev, kev txav ntawm lub taub hau nws tus kheej kuj cuam tshuam rau kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab nthwv dej.
Nyob rau xyoo 1973, qhov kev sim nthuav dav tau ua nyob rau hauv uas cov ntsiab lus tau raug tshem tawm ntawm txhua qhov nkhaus thiab nthwv dej nyob hauv lawv cov auricles. Qhov no tau ua los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb polymer plugs, uas tau sau tag nrho cov recesses. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev sim no tau pom tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm lub suab txo qis heev. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab qee lub sijhawm, thaum cov ntsiab lus hloov kho thiab tau siv rau nws me ntsis, qhov zoo ntawm kev khaws cov suab tau rov qab los.
