Missalignment yog misalignment lossis misalignment ntawm cov hniav thaum lawv los ze rau ib leeg. Lub sij hawm tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm Edward Angle raws li ib tug derivative ntawm occlusion. Malocclusion (mal+occlusion=misocclusion) yog hais txog txoj kev tawm tsam cov hniav sib ntsib.
Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob
Malocclusion yog ib txwm muaj, txawm tias feem ntau tsis hnyav txaus. Cov neeg uas muaj malocclusions hnyav dua uas tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm cov kab mob craniofacial abnormalities yuav xav tau orthodontic thiab qee zaum phais kho kom kho qhov deformity. Kev kho tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hniav lwj thiab txo qis ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm mandibular. Orthodontic kev cuam tshuam kuj yog siv rau kev zoo nkauj.
Txoj kev tsis sib haum xeeb feem ntau cuam tshuam cov duab ntawm tus neeg mob lub ntsej muag. Lawv cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab tuaj yeem ua ke nrog kev zom lossis hais lus. Feem ntau cov pob txha tom tsuas yog kho tau nrog kev phais orthognathic xwb.
Kev faib tawm
Nyob ntawm tus sagittalCov hniav-rau-lub puab tsaig ratios, occlusion tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom raws li Angle's occlusion class system luam tawm thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Muaj lwm yam laj thawj, piv txwv li, kev sib tsoo ntawm cov hniav, uas tsis ncaj qha rau hauv cov hom malocclusion.
Ntau tus kws sau ntawv tau sim hloov Angle qhov kev faib tawm. Qhov no tau ua rau ntau hom subtypes thiab cov tshuab tshiab.
Ib qhov tob tob (tseem hu ua Hom II tom) yog ib qho mob uas cov hniav sab sauv sib tshooj ntawm cov hniav hauv qab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij mos thiab tawv nqaij raug mob thiab zoo li. Hom hauv qab tau pom nyob rau hauv 15-20% ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas.
Qhib tom - ib qho xwm txheej uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev sib tshooj thiab occlusion ntawm sab sauv thiab sab qis. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, qhov qhib tom tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus tus ntiv tes xoo ntev. Cov neeg mob feem ntau tshwm sim nrog kev hais lus thiab zom zom.
Angle classes, orthodontics
Edward Angle yog thawj zaug los faib malocclusion. Nws ua raws li nws qhov systematizations ntawm tus txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm ntawm maxillary thawj molar. Raws li lub kaum sab xis, lub mesiobuccal taw tes ntawm maxillary thawj molar yuav tsum phim lub buccal zawj ntawm mandibular thawj molar. Tag nrho cov hniav yuav tsum sib haum mus rau txoj kab ntawm occlusion, uas yog ib tug du khoov nyob rau hauv lub Upper arch los ntawm lub hauv paus fossa ntawm lub posterior cov hniav thiab cov pob txha cingulate ntawm canines thiab incisors, thiab nyob rau hauv lub qis arch - ib tug du khoov los ntawm cov ntse projections. ntawm cov hniav posterior thiab incisal npoo ntawm cov hniav anterior. Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm qhov no coj mus rau hom malocclusion. Kuj tseem muaj cov chav kawm sib txawvmalocclusion ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis. Muaj peb chav kawm Angle rau canines thiab molars.
Klass I
Neutrocclusion. Ntawm no cov molar piv tau txais los yog raws li tau piav qhia rau maxillary thawj molar, tab sis lwm cov hniav muaj teeb meem xws li kev sib nrug, kev sib tsoo, dhau los yog qis dua, thiab lwm yam.
Class II
Distocclusion (retronathism, overjet, overbite).
Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej no, nws tau pom tias mesiobuccal taw tes ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv tsis sib haum nrog mesiobuccal zawj ntawm qis thawj molar. Lub mesiobuccal cusp feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm thawj mandibular molars thiab thib ob premolars. Muaj ob hom subtypes:
- Ntu 1: kev sib raug zoo ntawm molar yog tib yam li chav kawm II thiab cov hniav pem hauv ntej yog protruding.
- Ntu 2: Molar ratios zoo ib yam li Chav Kawm II, tab sis cov hniav anterior yog retroclined thiab cov hniav tom qab tshwm sim sib tshooj ntawm cov hniav anterior.
Class III
Mesiocclusion (prognathism, anterior crossbite, negative g-force, underbite). Hauv qhov no, cov molars sab saud tsis nyob hauv mesiobuccal sulcus, tab sis tom qab nws. Lub ntsiab lus mesiobuccal ntawm maxillary thawj molar nyob tom qab mus rau mesiobuccal zawj ntawm mandibular thawj molar. Cov hniav hauv pem hauv ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj cov hniav pem hauv ntej. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob feem ntau muaj lub puab tsaig qis lossis luvpob txha maxillary.
Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev faib cov malocclusions raws li lub kaum ntse ntse qhov system yog tias nws tsuas yog txiav txim siab 2D axial saib hauv lub dav hlau sagittal ntawm occlusion yog tias cov teeb meem occlusion yog 3D. Lwm qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov spatial axes, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab lwm yam kev kho mob cuam tshuam tsis tau lees paub. Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis muaj qhov theoretical justification rau qhov kev piav qhia hauv chav kawm. Ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog tau tham txog yog qhov tseeb tias nws tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account txoj kev loj hlob (etiology) ntawm tom cov teeb meem thiab tsis xyuam xim rau cov proportions ntawm cov hniav thiab lub ntsej muag. Yog li, ntau qhov kev sim tau ua los hloov kho lub Angle class system lossis hloov nws tag nrho nrog qhov ua tau zoo dua. Tab sis nws tseem ua tus thawj coj vim nws qhov yooj yim thiab meej.
Paub kev hloov pauv ntawm lub kaum sab xis hnub rov qab rau Martin Dewey (1915) thiab Benno Lischer (1912, 1933). Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov kev faib tawm tau raug npaj rau ntawm lwm tus los ntawm Simon (1930, thawj qhov kev faib tawm peb sab), Jacob A. Salzmann (1950, nrog rau kev faib cov txheej txheem raws li cov txheej txheem skeletal) thiab James L. Ackerman thiab William Profit (1969).
