Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav kov lub ntsiab lus ntawm metabolism. Hauv particular, kev saib xyuas yuav raug them rau cov metabolism hauv nrawm, qeeb thiab hom qauv. Peb kuj tseem yuav kawm txog txoj hauv kev kom qeeb lossis ua kom cov metabolism sai, txhais lub ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm lo lus thiab kov cov ntsiab lus ze ze rau nws.
Introduction
Metabolism (metabolism) yog txheej txheej tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj nyob. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev saib xyuas tas li ntawm lub neej hauv ntiaj teb. Cov txheej txheem ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem suav nrog hauv cov metabolism tso cai rau lub cev loj hlob, tsim thiab tsim cov xeeb ntxwv, nrog rau kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab qhia cov lus teb rau ib puag ncig stimuli.
Metabolism yuav muab cov theem catabolic thiab anabolic. Catabolism yog tsim nyog rau degradation ntawm complex organic tshuaj rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim nrog lub concomitant tso tawm ntawm lub zog. Thaum lub sij hawm anabolism, cov txheej txheem rov qab tshwm sim: cov tshuaj yooj yim tau hloov mus rau hauvcomplex thiab siv zog.
Lub cev cov metabolism muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, uas yog hu ua metabolic pathways. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem ntawm metabolism, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov enzymes, ib co tseem ceeb lom molecules hloov mus rau lwm tus.
YEnzymatic muaj nuj nqi
Enzymes yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem metabolic vim:
- Lawv yog cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg thiab txo cov kev siv zog los ua kom muaj tshuaj lom neeg.
- Muab lub peev xwm los tswj txhua txoj hauv kev metabolic hauv kev teb rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig ntawm tes.
Metabolism txiav txim siab cov khoom tsim nyog rau peb lub neej, kev loj hlob, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic yog feem ntau rau cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob hauv ntiaj teb, uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm txhua yam tsiaj uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Ib qho piv txwv yog ib co ntawm cov carboxylic acids uas yog intermediates nyob rau hauv lub tricarboxylic acid voj voog; Lawv yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob, los ntawm cov kab mob mus rau multicellular eukaryotic tsiaj.
Lub tswvyim ntawm catabolism
Ib yam ntawm cov metabolism yog cov qauv ntawm nws cov khoom xyaw: anabolism thiab catabolism.
Catabolism hais txog ntau cov txheej txheem metabolic uas ua rau kev tawg ntawm cov organic molecules loj xws li qab zib, rog, amino acids. Thaum lub sij hawm catabolism, muajKev tsim cov molecules yooj yim ntawm cov organic xwm, uas yav tom ntej yuav raug siv rau kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anabolic (biosynthesis). Cov theem no ntawm cov metabolism tso cai rau tsim cov ATP compounds muaj rau siv, txo coenzymes thiab molecules nrog ib tug transmembrane electrochemical. muaj peev xwm.
Catabolism tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov metabolism, vim nws yuav tsis tuaj nyob hauv ntau yam kab mob. Tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv metabolic yog ua raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative thiab txo qis, thaum lub sij hawm cov electrons raug xa mus ntawm cov khoom pub dawb (piv txwv li, dej lossis ammonia) thiab cov neeg txais (piv txwv li, O 2, nitrate compounds. thiab sulfates).
Tsiaj txhu tawg ua carbon dioxide thiab dej. Cov nroj tsuag photosynthetic thiab cyanobacteria siv qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob los khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus cov hnub ci rays.
Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catabolic tsim peb theem tseem ceeb: 1 - kev tawg ntawm cov organic molecules loj (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, thiab lwm yam) rau cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv, 2 - kev nkag mus ntawm cov molecule rau hauv lub thickness ntawm lub cell. thiab nws qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau hauv ib qho me me (ib qho piv txwv tuaj yeem yog acetyl-CoA), 3 - pawg acetyl A-coenzymes yog oxidized rau kev tsim cov molecules H 2 O thiab CO 2 (qhov tshwm sim ntawm Krebs lub voj voog thiab cov kab ua pa).
Lub tswvyim ntawm anabolism
Metabolic zog yog txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm catabolism, tab sis kuj los ntawm anabolism.
Anabolism yog qhov dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem thaum lub sijhawm biosynthesis ntawm cov molecules nyuaj tshaj plaws tshwm sim. Nws kuj tseem siv lub cev lub zog. Anabolism muaj 3 theem ua tiav catalyzed los ntawm cov enzymes tshwj xeeb.
Thawj kauj ruam ua rau muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov molecules precursor xws li amino acids, nucleotides, terpenoids thiab yooj yim carbohydrates. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm theem 2, cov molecules no tau txais daim ntawv qhib vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ATP lub zog. Ua tsaug rau theem 3, monomers tau ua ke rau hauv cov khoom xws li lipids, nucleic acids, proteins thiab polysaccharide compounds.
Ntau lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov tsiaj muaj sia muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los tsim cov khoom siv roj ntsha lom neeg. Piv txwv li, autotrophs muaj peev xwm los tsim complexly organic molecules los ntawm cov yooj yim uas tsis muaj molecular tebchaw ntawm ib tug inorganic xwm. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsis muaj rau heterotrophs, thiab yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog monosaccharides lossis amino acids. Tsuas yog los ntawm lawv yuav peb lub cev muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau dua molecular compounds.
Txoj kev tswj cov metabolism
Metabolism hauv lub cev txiav txim siab qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm homeostasis. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas peb lub cev tswj thiab tswj cov metabolism. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus ntawm lawv tau muab tso rau hauv peb caj ces, thiab yog li ntawd peb txoj kev nco qab yam tsis muaj kev siv ntxiv txhais tau tias dhau ntawm peb txoj kev tswj hwm. Enzymes, piv txwv li, yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nce lossis txo qisKev ua haujlwm metabolic los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov cim tshwj xeeb thiab ua rau cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai. Ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm ua rau nws tus kheej cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem metabolic rau qee qhov thiab qeeb / nrawm yog tias xav tau. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua qhov no, suav nrog tshuaj lossis noj zaub mov kom raug.
Ib theem ntawm kev tswj cov metabolic yog sawv cev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, uas raug xa mus rau lwm hom kev cai. Kev loj hlob zoo thiab / lossis cov tshuaj hormones xa cov cim tshwj xeeb uas pom tau los ntawm receptors nyob rau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub teeb liab tau muab txhais rau hauv cov qauv ntawm tes los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tub txib thib ob, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov protein phosphorylation.
Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov kev ua ntawm insulin, uas tso tawm thaum cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv. Cov tshuaj hormones tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog nws cov receptors thiab ua kom muaj protein ntau kinase, uas ua kom lub cev nqus tau cov carbohydrates yooj yim los ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes, tom qab ntawd nws hloov mus rau hauv fatty acid thiab glycogen.
About nrawm metabolism
A boosted metabolism - zoo los phem?
Feem ntau, tsis muaj kev phom sij tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov tshwm sim no, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav nyob ntawm thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm cov hom phiaj ntawm tus kheej. Piv txwv li, rau qhov hnyav nce, cov metabolism sai yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, tab sis rau cov neeg rog rog, nws yuav dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm cov rog hauv lub cev thiab tiv thaiv cov tshiab los ntawm kev sib sau. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub peculiarities ntawm metabolism yog nteg genetic nyob rau hauv txhua yam kab mob, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom hloov nws ncaj qha. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem yooj yim uas ua kom peb lub neej thiab kev loj hlob. Nws tshwm sim hauv txhua lub neej txawm tias thaum pw tsaug zog.
Qee lub sij hawm cov metabolism nrawm dhau los ua teeb meem ntawm qhov hnyav dhau ntawm tus neeg laus lossis menyuam lub cev. Los ntawm nws, peb lub cev tau txais kev pab lub zog. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev nce qhov hnyav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau yam, xws li koj poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, qhov siab thiab lub cev qauv, nws qhov ntim, nrog rau koj txoj kev ua neej thiab tus cwj pwm. Hauv kev ua kis las, cov metabolism nrawm feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau tus neeg kom nce qhov hnyav ntxiv.
Npaj Ntsuag Part 1
Muaj cov tshuaj uas ua kom cov metabolism sai, noj zaub mov, ua haujlwm, khoom noj, thiab lwm yam.
Yuav kom qeeb koj cov metabolism, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv caffeine, vim nws yog ib qho stimulant uas tuaj yeem nce tus nqi metabolic los ntawm 4-5%. Cov mis nyuj uas tsis muaj rog lossis rog tsawg yuav ua rau lub cev txo cov roj uas nqus los ntawm lwm yam khoom noj.
Kuv yuav ua li cas kom qeeb cov metabolism hauv nrawm?
Ntawm no yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais txog ib tus yeeb ncuab phem tshaj ntawm tus txiv neej - cawv. Xws li tus cwj pwm phem xws li haus cawv tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua kom cov metabolism hauv qeeb thiab tso cai rau tus neeg kom hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias cov dej cawv yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tua neeg loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm niaj hnub no, thov lub neej ntawm ntau tus neeg ntau dua li tus kab mob plague thiab kev ua tsov ua rog tuaj yeem coj mus.
Refined carbohydrates nrog me ntsis fiber ntau (xws li qab zib lossis hmoov dawb) tuaj yeem txhawb koj cov metabolism los ntawm 15-30%. Proteins, nyob rau hauv lem, yog absorbed los ntawm lub cev nyuaj heev, thiab yog li ntawd, kom ceev cov txheej txheem metabolic, ib tug qeeb qeeb yuav pom tau nrog ntau cov protein kom tsawg.
Npaj Ntsuag Part 2
Yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog yuav ua li cas nce qhov hnyav nrog cov metabolism hauv nrawm, ces nws yuav tsum paub tias txhawm rau nce ob peb kilograms, nws raug nquahu kom hloov cov zaub mov nquag nrog 3 lossis 4 pluas noj ib hnub.. Qhov tseeb yog tias rau kev sib cais ntawm txhua qhov tshiab ntawm cov khoom noj, nws yuav tsum tau siv ntau lub zog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv zog heev thaum pib ntawm oxidation. Yuav tsum muaj ob peb pluas noj, tab sis lawv yuav tsum ceev heev, uas tseem yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua kom cov metabolism hauv qeeb thiab yuav ua rau kom nce ob peb phaus ntxiv.
Kev tawm dag zog lub cev ntawm qhov kev siv qis qis, rau lub sijhawm luv, yog lwm txoj hauv kev kom nce qhov hnyav ntxiv. Piv txwv li, thaum qoj ib ce nyob rau hauv lub gym, yog hais tias qhov kev kawm yog ib tug ectomorph (somatotype nrog ib tug ceev metabolism), nws yog pom zoo kom lawv ua ib tug heev compressed workout nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ce thiab repetitions.
Piv txwv li, yog tias peb tab tom tham txog lub gym, nyob rau hnub ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm qee cov leeg nqaij (lub hauv siab, lub xub pwg nyom, triceps), nws yuav txaus los ua kom muaj kev sov siab zoo, lub rooj zaum xovxwm. nrog 5-6 ua hauj lwm poob lawm thiab ib tug luj uas tso cai rau koj ua tau mus txog rau 5-6 repetitions, ntxiv rau ntxiv ib lub rooj zaum xovxwm thiabFabkis lub rooj ntev zaum xovxwm nrog ib qho kev sib tw zoo sib xws. Ib qho metabolism sai ua rau nws hnyav dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev noj zaub mov, noj zaub mov, thiab lwm yam, nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub cev physiology.
Y "Catalyst" ntawm cov metabolism
Ntawm cov khoom uas ua kom cov metabolism sai yog:
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog qhov ntsuas glycemic qis. Piv txwv li, txiv duaj, guava, txiv kab ntxwv, txiv kab ntxwv, thiab lwm yam.
- Ntsuab nplooj tshuaj yej muaj EGCG, lub paj hlwb stimulant uas ua rau kom metabolic kev ua si.
- Ua kom koj cov metabolism sai nrog melon, spinach (suav nrog B vitamins) thiab txiv qaub (antioxidant thiab digestive system catalyst).
- Lwm yam khoom uas ua kom cov metabolism sai yog oatmeal - noj tshais zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua tus neeg. Nws muaj fiber ntau thiab txo cov concentration ntawm cov cholesterol hauv cov ntshav.
- Low-fat (lean) nqaij ceev metabolism.
- taum muaj cov tshuaj uas pab hlawv rog, thiab tib lub sijhawm lawv muaj cov protein ntau, rog thiab carbohydrates.
Muaj ntau lwm yam khoom noj uas tuaj yeem txhawb koj cov metabolism, suav nrog qhiav, asparagus, dib, dej, zaub xim, txuj lom, thiab lwm yam. Thawj cov tsos mob ntawm cov metabolism sai yog nyuaj rau qhov hnyav.
About tshuaj
Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev loj dua los cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov metabolism. Piv txwv li, kev lag luamcov kws tshuaj muab cov tshuaj uas ua kom cov metabolism sai. Rau cov neeg uas rog dhau, lawv tuaj yeem pab kom poob phaus ntau heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev noj cov tshuaj no tau pom zoo kom ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob noj zaub mov, kws kho mob, lossis nrog tus cwj pwm zoo thiab ceev faj heev rau lawv siv.
Cov tshuaj xws li "Reduxin" thiab "Goldline" cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb lub luag haujlwm rau saturation. Lawv pab ua kom ntau cov txheej txheem metabolic, hlawv rog thiab ua kom ntev lub sij hawm ntawm satiety hormone muaj.
"Orsoten" thiab "Xenical" muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub plab zom mov - lipase, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus cov rog. Tsis tas li cov tshuaj zoo yog cov tshuaj bioactive, piv txwv li, MCC lossis Turboslim, uas muaj cov nyhuv diuretic, nyias cov ntshav thiab ntxuav cov hnyuv nrog lub siab.
Ceev cov metabolism thiab kev txhim kho tag nrho hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv metabolic tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv ntau yam tshuaj hormonal. Ntawm no nws yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais txog cov ntsiav tshuaj "L-thyroxine" (nce ntxiv cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas), "Danabol" thiab "Anivar" (cov tshuaj uas muaj ntau ntawm cov txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones). Txhua yam tshuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev, vim tias kev siv tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, txawm tias qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
"Lecithin" yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoontawm metabolism.
