Piriform sinus: qhov chaw, piav qhia, haujlwm, duab

Cov txheej txheem:

Piriform sinus: qhov chaw, piav qhia, haujlwm, duab
Piriform sinus: qhov chaw, piav qhia, haujlwm, duab

Video: Piriform sinus: qhov chaw, piav qhia, haujlwm, duab

Video: Piriform sinus: qhov chaw, piav qhia, haujlwm, duab
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mob qog noj ntshav Laryngopharyngeal yog ib hom qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav nyob hauv qis qis ntawm lub pharynx. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob, tus kab mob tsis pom cov tsos mob, yog li ntawd, ntev nws tseem nyob twj ywm tsis pom. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tus neeg mob pib pom qhov mob hnyav, kev xav ntawm qee yam txawv teb chaws hauv caj pas, ua pa, kub hnyiab, nce salivation, hoarseness, hnoos, ua pa nyuaj. Qhov hnyav ntawm thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib kis ntawm neoplasia.

Kev piav qhia tus kab mob

mob qog noj ntshav ntawm piriform sinus ntawm lub larynx yog qhov txawv ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, nws ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm metastases thaum ntxov hauv tus neeg mob. Kev kuaj mob tau tsim, coj mus rau hauv tus account cov txiaj ntsig tom qab ultrasound ntawm lub caj dab, MRI thiab CT scan ntawm laryngopharynx, fibrofarhinolaryngoscopy ua ke nrog biopsy. Kev kho mob suav nrog pyriform sinus resection, laryngectomy expansion, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, thiab lymphadenectomy.

Kev kis kab mob
Kev kis kab mob

Ntawm ntawm pyriform sinus cancer

Hypoharyngeal cancer - txhais,uas yog siv los piav txog cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub plab hnyuv sab sauv, nrog rau lub ntsws thiab pharynx. Raws li nyob rau hauv ntau lwm yam subsite designations, qhov txawv feature nyob rau hauv hypopharyngeal cancer yog anatomical es tsis yog pathophysiological nyob rau hauv daim ntawv. Feem ntau, hom mob qog noj ntshav no yog hais txog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm caj dab thiab lub taub hau.

Lub cyst ntawm pyriform sinus ntawm lub larynx yog lub npe vim nws qhov chaw. Qhov no suav nrog sab nraud, tom qab, phab ntsa nruab nrab ntawm lub pharynx, nrog rau thaj tsam cricoid.

Ntau hom qog nqaij hlav malignant yog tsim nyob rau hauv pyriform sinus. Kab mob tshwm sim ntau zaus. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada, kwv yees li 56-85 feem pua ntawm cov kab mob hypopharyngeal raug kuaj pom hauv pyriform sinus. Los ntawm 10 mus rau 20 feem pua ntawm cov formations yog tsim nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub pharynx, thiab los ntawm 3 mus rau 5 feem pua - nyob rau hauv lub transocrine cheeb tsam.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm pyriform qhov ntswg ntawm lub larynx

Lub hypopharynx yog thaj chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm oropharynx (theem ntawm cov pob txha hyoid) thiab txoj hlab pas (hauv qab ntawm cov pob txha mos cricoid). Lub larynx nws tus kheej tuaj yeem hu ua cov qauv sib cais los ntawm lub pharynx, vim nws yog me ntsis rau pem hauv ntej, protruding los ntawm nws. Lub piriform sinus yog sau nrog cov ntaub so ntswg mos, nyob rau hauv uas oncology kis tau sai heev. Cov qog tsim tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav hypopharyngeal kis tau, raws li txoj cai, tsis mus dhau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm qhov sinus.

Anatomy ntawm lub larynx
Anatomy ntawm lub larynx

Lub hypopharynx suav nrog peb ntu ntawm lub pharynx. Nws yog dav nyob rau saum toj, raws li nws nceqhov loj me nqaim heev ntawm qhov qis ntawm cov leeg nqaij cricopharyngeal. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, xws li lub cev yog txwv los ntawm lub posterior nto ntawm cov pob txha mos cricoid. Nyob rau hauv ob sab ntawm lub pharynx, pear-puab sinuses los yog fossae yog tsim (nws yog vim li no lub npe ntawm xws li ib feem ntawm lub cev tshwm sim). Yog li, lub cev ntawm lub cev pyriform qhov txhab ntawm lub larynx yog qhov tseeb rau ntau.

Ib yam li lwm qhov, mob qog noj ntshav hauv caj dab lossis lub taub hau tau kuaj pom hauv 95% ntawm tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav, neoplasms tau tsim rau ntawm cov mucous membrane, yog li tus mob no hu ua squamous cell carcinoma. Cov kab mob precancerous ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem hloov pauv sai sai rau daim ntawv hyperproliferating, uas dhau sijhawm yuav pib ua haujlwm zoo, nce qhov loj thiab txav mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab. Tom qab kis kab mob qog noj ntshav mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav, cov kab mob txaus ntshai cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm yam kabmob hauv lub cev, uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm metastasis.

Kev ntsuas tus nqi

mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub pharynx yog kuaj pom hauv 7 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov oncologies ntawm sab sauv ua pa thiab plab hnyuv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav laryngeal yog 4-5 zaug siab dua qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav laryngopharyngeal. Tam sim no nyob hauv ntiaj teb txhua xyoo mob qog noj ntshav tau kuaj pom hauv 125 txhiab tus neeg.

Cov txiv neej raug mob los ntawm tus kab mob no peb zaug ntau dua li poj niam. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem oncological hauv pharyngeal-esophageal hlws ris hauv cov poj niam yog qhov tshwm sim ntau zaus. Cov kws kho mob ntseeg tias tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis raug (nrognoj cov zaub mov tsis txaus lossis cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntawm cov vitamins thiab microelements tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom noj txhua hnub). Hauv ntau haiv neeg, qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob no kuj sib txawv: Cov neeg Asmeskas neeg Asmeskas raug mob qog noj ntshav thiab pharynx ntau dua li lwm haiv neeg.

Tus kws kho mob hais li cas txog mob qog noj ntshav?

Cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg ntawm pharyngeal carcinoma txawv ntawm kab mob qog noj ntshav yooj yim. Cov kab mob hauv caj pas feem ntau tsis ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsos mob hnyav, yog li cov neeg mob tseem tsis paub txog lawv cov kab mob mus ntev. Nws yog vim li no tias qhov kev kwv yees zaum kawg tsim los ntawm tus kws kho mob feem ntau tsis zoo. Tus nqi ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kis ntawm metastases nyob rau hauv pyriform sinus cancer yog siab heev.

Tsis tas li, nrog tus kab mob no, muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qog nqaij hlav, nws muaj li ntawm 50 txog 70 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj. Kwv yees li 70 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob uas mus ntsib kws kho mob vim tias qhov tsos mob tsis zoo tau txais kev kuaj mob ntawm "kev mob qog noj ntshav thib peb" los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Metastases thiab cuam tshuam cov qog ntshav qab zib muaj nyob hauv cov neeg mob feem ntau. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov metastases nyob deb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm sab laug pyriform sinus (los yog sab xis) tseem siab npaum li lwm hom mob qog noj ntshav hauv caj dab thiab lub taub hau.

Cov kws kho mob kwv yees
Cov kws kho mob kwv yees

Kev kuaj mob rau txhua hom mob qog noj ntshav yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, nws qhov loj me, qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob, cov tsos mob thiablub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Mob qog noj ntshav ntawm T1-T2 degree muab rau tus neeg mob ntxiv tsib xyoos ntawm lub neej (qhov no tshwm sim hauv 60 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob), tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm T3 los yog T4 degree ntawm kev loj hlob, tus ciaj sia taus txo qis heev, tsuas yog mus txog 17-32. feem pua ciaj sia. Lub neej expectancy ntawm tsib xyoos rau txhua theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yog li 30 feem pua.

Yam dab tsi cuam tshuam rau lub neej expectancy ntawm tus neeg mob?

Muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm pyriform sinus cancer thiab txo lub neej ntawm tus neeg mob. Cov no suav nrog:

  • tus neeg mob tus poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog qeb;
  • haiv neeg (tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov neeg Asmeskas Asmeskas raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov swb no);
  • Karnofsky kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo (cov neeg mob uas lub cev hnyav tsis txaus, nrog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab tsis tau txais cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, cov zaub mov thiab cov vitamins, raws li txoj cai, muaj qhov tsis pom zoo);
  • qog hlav (theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, qib ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab hauv zos);
  • histology (cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov qog tsim, nrawm ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov hlwb mus rau thaj chaw cov ntaub so ntswg tom qab irradiation);
  • qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub qog tsim;
  • tag nrho qhov loj ntawm mob qog noj ntshav hauv ntu ntu.
Yam uas ua rau mob hnyav dua
Yam uas ua rau mob hnyav dua

Kev mob nrawm nrawm

yam tsis zoo uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob sai ntawm tus kab mob:

  • haus luam yeeb;
  • haus dej cawv ntau dhau (txhua hnub lossis 3-4 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam, qhov tsos ntawm cawv);
  • YPlummer-Vinson Syndrome;
  • txheej txheem khaus hauv caj pas vim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm gastroesophageal lossis laryngotracheal reflux;
  • kev muaj tus kab mob predisposition rau qib caj ces;
  • noj zaub mov tsis zoo, tsis muaj zaub mov muaj zog nrog cov vitamins thiab cov as-ham.

Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov muaj tus kab mob hauv tus neeg mob

Thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pyriform sinus cancer hauv tib neeg qee zaum hais txog nws tus kheej nrog cov tsos mob tsis zoo hauv qab no:

  • mob taub hau;
  • muaj ntshav;
  • hnoos qeev nrog ntshav;
  • kev nqhis zaub mov;
  • ib nrab suction;
  • nrog cov qog loj loj, tus neeg mob yuav pib ua rau txoj hlab pa;
  • poob phaus sai vim tsis muaj zaub mov noj (tus neeg mob tsis noj zaub mov kom raug, vim nws ua rau nws tsis xis nyob thaum nqos);
  • qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem txhim kho hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub larynx.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob

Hipopharyngeal qog ntawm qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo yog suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, lawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov loj me hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Qhov loj ntawm cov qog, ntau qhov cim tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob tshwm.

Ntxiv nta

Tsis tas li, cov kws kho mob txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob ntxiv ntawm tus kab mob:

  • xav txog yam khoom txawv teb chaws hauv caj pas;
  • dysphagia;
  • nce qhov loj ntawm cov qog ntshav;
  • iab hauv qhov ncauj, muaj qhov tsw tsw qab;
  • muaj qhov o ntawm caj dab thiab ntsej muag thaum sawv ntxov tom qab sawv ntxov.

Lub sijhawm ntawm cov kab mob asymptomatic tuaj yeem sib txawv li ntawm ob mus rau plaub lub hlis. Nyob rau theem tom qab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, tus neeg mob lub suab yuav luag ntxhi, nws lub cev hnyav sai sai, hnoos qeev thiab qaub ncaug tuaj nrog ntshav. Hauv kwv yees li 70 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob, tus kab mob provokes qhov tshwm sim tuag txawm nyob rau theem thib peb ntawm kev loj hlob.

Diagnostics

Kev ntsuas ntsuas rau mob qog noj ntshav laryngopharyngeal yuav pib nrog kev kuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm caj dab thiab lub taub hau. Rau qhov no, palpation lossis kev kuaj fiber ntau yog ua los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab endoscope hloov tau. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob laryngopharyngeal yog kev loj hlob ntawm rwj ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov qaub ncaug ntawm ib tug viscous sib xws muaj peev xwm sau nyob rau hauv lub pyriform sinus, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov o ntawm ib los yog ob lub suab qaum ib zaug, asymmetry ntawm tonsils, hyperkeratosis los yog erythematosis ntawm mucosa.

Kev ntsuas kho
Kev ntsuas kho

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas qhov mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm pob txha taub hau, lub puab tsaig txav mus los, kuaj xyuas lub ntsws thiab pom tias muaj tus kab mob kis tau ntev hauv lawv. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov extremities pab txheeb xyuas cov kab mob peripheral vascular lossis cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ntsws siab thiab mob ntsws thib ob.

Txog 30 feem puaCov neeg mob muaj tus kab mob ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob pyriform sinus cancer.

Kev ua haujlwm kho mob

Raws li lwm cov qog nqaij hlav taub hau thiab caj dab, cov qog nqaij hlav pyriform sinus raug kho nrog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

  • phais;
  • chav kho tshuaj khomob;
  • radiotherapy.
Kev ua haujlwm
Kev ua haujlwm

Ntxiv rau, ib hom kev phais tshem tawm yog siv - transoral laser resection. Vim nws qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm ib feem lossis ua tiav lub suab, ntxiv rau, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev noj mov, zom, nqos, thiab ua pa ua pa phem.

Pom zoo: