Kev tshuaj ntsuam Fecal rau protozoa yog ib txoj hauv kev kuaj tus qauv rau kev kuaj mob protozoosis thiab helminthiasis, uas yog ua rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Nrog nws cov kev pab, protozoa uas parasitize nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv distal, nrog rau helminths, raug kuaj los yog cais. Muaj 20 hom kab mob protozoa uas nyob hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv, ntawm 8 yog cov kab mob, thiab 12 tau qhib rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo.
WHO txheeb cais: 9 ntawm 10 tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb tau kis tus kabmob helminths ntau yam. Ntau zaus tshaj li lwm tus, cov no yog pinworms thiab roundworms. Kev tsom xam Fecal yuav tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no vim tias cov kab mob cab feem ntau tsis pom kev kho mob hauv kev tiv thaiv zoo. Tab sis tus neeg no dhau los ua tus kab mob rau lwm tus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob cab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv ntses, tsiaj nqaij thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Tias yog vim li cas kev tsom xam cov quav rau cov qe ntawm helminths thiab protozoa plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Protozoa tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauvnyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib deev paub tab (cov ntaub ntawv vegetative) thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cysts - qhov no yog xws li ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv ntawm lub neej ntawm parasites, thaum lawv yog, raws li nws yog, nyob rau hauv hibernation, tsis pub noj thiab tsis multiply, tos. lub sijhawm zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv cov kev phom sij raug khaws cia tag nrho.
Kev ntsuas ntsuas
Cov kev sim no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov uas muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob:
- nyob rau hauv pab pawg kaw (Kindergartens, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv nce, barracks, chaw kaw, thiab lwm yam);
- tsis tuaj yeem tswj xyuas kev tu cev tsis tu ncua vim kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj teb;
- presence of agriculture on the farm, dev yug.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav rau protozoa yog xav tau thaum:
- Muab ib tug me nyuam rau hauv kindergarten, tsev kawm ntawv, lub caij ntuj sov camps rau me nyuam;
- ntiav neeg laus;
- tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm kws kho mob tuaj xyuas lub pas dej - txheeb xyuas cov neeg nqa khoom;
- tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev kho mob, cov neeg ua haujlwm lag luam, cov neeg sawv cev noj mov, cov khoom siv tshuaj.
Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua txhua rau lub hlis. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau kuaj fecal rau helminths thiab protozoa rau cov neeg uas muaj qee qhov kev tsis txaus siab txog kev noj qab haus huv:
- poob phaus tsis tsim nyog;
- tawv nqaij;
- qaug zog, qaug zog tom qab kev tawm dag zog me;
- ua pa luv yam tsis muaj tsos mob khaub thuas lossis kab mob plawv;
- chim siab;
- npau suav phem;
- myalgia thiab arthralgia;
- hnyav hauv siab;
- ncauj qhov ncauj thiab mob sawv ntxov;
- dyspepsia;
- flatulence;
- tenesmus;
- sib hniav hmo ntuj;
- mob ib puag ncig ntawm pob txha;
- khaus hauv qhov quav.
Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus tej zaum yuav muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev da dej ntau zaus hauv cov dej thiab pas dej nrog kev noj cov dej, siv cov dej tsis tu ncua, nyiam noj ntses nyoos.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav kuj tseem tsim nyog tom qab rov qab los ntawm cov teb chaws sov nrog lawv cov zaub mov txawv, nrog rau kev tu cev tsis zoo. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau lawv tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, pw tsaug zog tsis zoo, tsis kam pub niam mis thiab quaj thiab qw, koj yuav tsum tau sau cov quav tam sim ntawd rau kev tshuaj xyuas kab mob thiab protozoa.
Sub Lub Hom Phiaj
Kev tshawb fawb zaus yuav txawv. Nws nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj. Feem ntau qhov no yog kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev tsom xam cov quav rau cov qe ntawm helminths thiab protozoa yog ua 1 zaug hauv ib xyoos. Hauv qhov no, tsis tas yuav xa mus rau tus kws kho mob.
Kev ntsuas kev ntsuas - biomass raug xa mus rau kev tshawb fawb los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob hauv tsev neeg, menyuam yaus thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam. Xws li kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav rau cov qe ntawm cov cab thiab protozoa yog xa los ntawm kws kho mob.
Yuav ua li cas npaj kom zoo rau kev kawm?
Feem ntau, kev npaj yog yooj yim:
- rau ib lub lim tiam, tsis txhob noj tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov muaj zog - cov no yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab cov enzymes, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob;
- rau 2 hnub - laxatives;
- tshuaj uas xim quav yog contraindicated - muajhlau thiab bismuth.
Cov nceb, daim siab, marinades, bran, dej qab zib tsis suav nrog kev noj haus rau 2 hnub; txo kev noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.
Hnub ua ntej yuav tso quav, koj yuav tsum haus dej ntxiv, mus taug kev hmo ntuj, thiab muab cov me nyuam zaws plab. Ib qho kev kuaj mob ntawm cov hnyuv yog ua tiav 2 lub lis piam ua ntej kev tshuaj ntsuam lossis tom qab nws. Thaum cev xeeb tub, tsis siv tshuaj fecal kom tsis muaj ntshav nkag.
Rules for fecal analysis
Yuav tsum yuav ib lub thawv tshwj xeeb rau kev xa cov quav ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Nws yog qhov yooj yim uas nws muaj lub hau tshwj xeeb thiab spatula rau khaws cov quav. Nws kuj tuaj nrog ib daim nplaum nplaum, qhov twg tus neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus. Matchboxes thiab iav hub tsis pom zoo rau kev sau quav.
Ib lub lauj kaub huv thiab qhuav tuaj yeem siv los khaws cov quav hauv tus menyuam lub tsev. Ceev faj txhob tso zis tso quav.
Tus me nyuam tau muab tso rau ntawm daim pawm huv si thaum txog lub sijhawm tus menyuam nqus pa. Niam paub nws los ntawm grunting, straining.
Feces yog sau nrog ib rab diav pov tseg. Nrog cov ntaub so ntswg pov tseg, lawv tsis nqa cov quav los ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, koj tuaj yeem ua ib lub laj kab los ntawm ib txheej uas tsis nyob ib sab ntawm daim pawm. Cov kev ceev faj zoo li no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev purity ntawm kev tsom xam. Cov quav tom qab ib qho enema los yog qhov quav suppositories tsis haum rau kev tshuaj xyuas.
Koj xav tau quav npaum li cas?
Yuav ua li cas kuaj quav rau protozoa? Thaum sawv ntxov quav yog noj txog 50 g, thiab nrog cov quav xoob - 1-2 tsp. Cov qauv yog tsim los ntawm 3 sab ntawm fecal hnyuv ntxwm:
- pem hauv ntej(ib feem ntawm cov quav);
- pab kawg;
- los ntawm ib sab ntawm pawg.
Yog tias nkag tau helminths pom ntawm qhov chaw, lawv kuj raug xa mus rau lub thawv nrog quav.
Yog tias thaum yav tsaus ntuj, cov quav hauv lub thawv ntim rau hauv ib lub hnab thiab muab cais tawm ntawm cov zaub mov hauv lub tub yees kom txog thaum sawv ntxov. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsis pub dhau 8 teev.
Nws txwv tsis pub khov lossis cua sov. Hauv cov chaw kho mob, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau siv rau qhov no.
Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb tshaj plaws yog tau txais thaum qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam ua tiav hauv thawj teev. Thaum pub cov quav rau giardia lossis amoeba, lawv tsis khaws cia, tab sis muab sov so rau thawj 40 feeb.
Cov quav ntim yuav tsum yog 1/3 ntawm lub thawv uas tsis muaj menyuam. Qhov tshwm sim feem ntau yog npaj rau tib hnub thaum yav tsaus ntuj lossis sawv ntxov tom ntej.
Qhov twg yuav kuaj quav?
Kev tshuaj ntsuam Fecal rau qe qe thiab protozoa yog ua nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev kho mob nrog rau chav kuaj. Cov kev taw qhia rau kev txheeb xyuas yog muab los ntawm tus kws saib xyuas hauv cheeb tsam. Kev tshuaj xyuas siv tau txij li hnub teeb meem hauv 10 hnub.
tshuaj ntsuam xwm ceev
Hauv kev xyaum, kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav rau protozoa thiab worms tsis tshwm sim cito. Tsuas yog thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev uas yuav tsum tau pw hauv tsev kho mob sai nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tes.
Histology ntawm quav
Histological kuaj cov quav yog suav tias yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws. Nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog kuaj pom muaj tus kab mob, kab mob thiab cov hlwv, tab sis kuj kuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshiab rau lawv nrog kev soj ntsuam ntxiv ntawm qhov tshwm sim.
Macroscopy
Nws yog riam phom nrog lub iav tsom iav lossisstereoscope, uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab mob loj lossis lawv cov tawg. Txhua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg yog muab los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov quav nrog tweezers thiab muab tso rau ntawm Petri tais, qhov chaw uas lawv tau tshuaj xyuas nrog lub iav loj. Los yog nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom iav ntawm lub iav swb.
Microscopy
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav rau protozoa yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, microscopy ntawm stained smear ntawm quav txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob cab. Nws tso cai rau koj mus nrhiav cov qe ntawm cov cab (coproovoscopy) los yog larvae (lavroscopy) hauv cov quav, khawb, hnoos qeev thiab cov kua tsib. Nyob rau hauv lub microscope, lub qe ntawm ascaris, broad tapeworms, schistosomes, thiab daim siab fluke tau tshwm sim. Nws suav nrog ntau txoj hauv kev.
Thick stroke method
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav rau cov kab mob protozoan thiab lawv cov ntawv cog qoob loo. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm pea-loj cov quav yog siv thiab rubbed rau hauv lub khob swb, tom qab ntawd lub khob npog nrog tshwj xeeb hygroscopic cellophane strip impregnated nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab dyes (ntsuab malachite, phenol, thiab lwm yam).
Nyob hauv lub xeev no, qhov sib tov yog hnub nyoog 30 feeb. Kev saib hauv qhov no yog nrawm los ntawm 30 lub sijhawm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov cysts tsis yog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, vim hais tias cov hlwv ntawm parasites zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.
Kev tawm tsam (kev tso tawm) txoj kev
Cov khoom siv yog centrifuged kom tau cov av noo. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov reagent thiab helminth qe. Cov qe yog concentrated nyob rau hauv sediment, uas yog soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ib tug microscope. Txoj kev no yog siv rau cov qe nrog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus siab.
Flotation method
Qhov no yog kev tsom xam cov quav ntawm cov quav rau protozoa los ntawm kev txhim kho lossis flotation. Ntawm no yog tib lub hauv paus, tab sis lub qe ntawm worms ntab thiab mloog zoo nyob rau hauv ib zaj duab xis ntawm qhov chaw. Zaj yeeb yaj kiab tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab tsom iav.
Cov quav uas tshwm sim yog pretreated hauv cov tshuaj flotation. Qee zaum cov txheej txheem no tau ua ke.
Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb yog 50% qhia, nws tsuas yog qhia txog qhov muaj kev cuam tshuam. Tab sis rau kev kuaj mob thiab xaiv kev kho mob, kev kawm ib zaug tsis txaus. Yuav tsum tau kawm 3-fold nrog ib lub lim tiam so. Feem ntau, yuav tsum tsis muaj helminths lossis kab mob cab hauv cov quav.
Scraping rau enterobiosis
Tsis xav tau kev npaj ntawm no. Scraping los yog perianal prints yog coj tam sim ntawd tom qab sawv ntxov, ua ntej tag nrho cov txheej txheem tu cev thiab defecation. Txoj hauv kev no yog xav tau rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam.
Contraindication yuav yog daim tawv nqaij raug mob ntawm qhov quav. Txij li cov khoom yuav tsum tau kuaj hauv thawj 2 teev, nws yog qhov zoo dua los coj nws mus rau hauv tsev kho mob lossis chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb. Scraping pom thiab tapering.
Muaj peb txoj hauv kev los khawb:
- stick hauv lub thawv tsis muaj menyuam;
- nrog spatula ntawm lub khob;
- ntawm lub khob nrog daim nplaum.
Nyob rau tom kawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob kov cov kab xev lossis iav. Ob peb vib nas this, koj yuav tsum muab daim kab xev rau ntawm lub qhov quav, ces hloov daim kab xev mus rau lub khob.
Cia li rov qab zoo li nokom tsis muaj npuas daim ntawv. Lub khob muab tso rau hauv lub thawv tsis muaj menyuam.
Yog tias tus neeg laus pinworms pom thaum lub sijhawm sau cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (lawv zoo li cov kab dawb me me), ces lawv tau dipped hauv 75% cawv thiab tseem xa mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Cov Khoom Siv Yuav Tsum Tau: Scraping yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas hauv 2 teev, txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm poob.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov quav rau helminths thiab protozoa tsis yog siv los kuaj xyuas lawv xwb, tab sis kuj los tswj cov kev kho mob tsis tu ncua tom qab ua tiav. Rau qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug, tsuas yog ib qho kev kuaj quav tsis txaus - qhov kev kuaj pom tseeb tshaj plaws nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov ntshav.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev
Nrog cov kab mob me me hauv cov quav quav, qhov tshwm sim yuav yog qhov tsis zoo. Tib daim duab tshwm sim yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ntes lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov qe lossis cov protozoa lawv tus kheej raws li lawv lub neej voj voog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tsos mob thiab kev soj ntsuam tsis zoo ntawm cov quav, lawv raug coj rov nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam.
coprogram yog dab tsi?
Nws txawv ntawm qhov kev soj ntsuam fecal ib txwm hauv nws cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxaws.
Coprogram tsis yog tsuas yog kev tshuaj xyuas rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov qe kab mob cab, tab sis kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev los ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov. Qhov no suav nrog cov ntsiab lus:
- khiav haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab plab;
- kev ua haujlwm enzymatic lossis tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov;
- xeev ntawm microflora ntawm txoj hnyuv;
- muaj kev mob tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub plab zom mov;
- zais plab hnyuv los ntshav;
- kab kab mob thiab lawv cov qe hauvkale.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam no tsuas yog ua nrog cov quav sov xwb.
Research results
Thaum ua qhov kev soj ntsuam, tus neeg pabcuam hauv chav kuaj ua tiav daim foos uas nws muab lub cim "-" lossis "+" - qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj kab mob. Hom kab mob helminth tau qhia hauv qab no. Rau qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm qhov tshwm sim, cov quav tau noj 3 zaug nrog so ntawm 10 hnub.
Ntawm amoeba thiab giardia, feces feem ntau muab 5 zaug. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov quav cab tau noj peb zaug nrog lub sijhawm 2-3 hnub.
Tsuas yog rau tag nrho 3 qhov kev xeem, qhov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo yog qhov tseeb. Txwv tsis pub, kev kho mob yog tsim nyog. Cov kab hauv qab: kev tsom xam fecal yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov chaw kho mob lossis kev xav. Txwv tsis pub, tsis muaj kev kuaj mob.
