Patau syndrome: tus neeg mob lub karyotype, duab, kuaj mob, ua rau, tsos mob

Cov txheej txheem:

Patau syndrome: tus neeg mob lub karyotype, duab, kuaj mob, ua rau, tsos mob
Patau syndrome: tus neeg mob lub karyotype, duab, kuaj mob, ua rau, tsos mob

Video: Patau syndrome: tus neeg mob lub karyotype, duab, kuaj mob, ua rau, tsos mob

Video: Patau syndrome: tus neeg mob lub karyotype, duab, kuaj mob, ua rau, tsos mob
Video: House dust mite extract for immunotherapy - Video abstract: 30908 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob chromosomal loj heev thiab ib qho ntawm lawv yog Patau's syndrome. Lub karyotype ntawm tus neeg mob nrog qhov kev kuaj mob zoo sib xws tau hloov pauv, uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Pathology cuam tshuam rau cov qauv ntawm lub cev pob txha, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb, excretory, kev ua me nyuam thiab cov hlab plawv.

Ntau tus niam txiv niaj hnub no xav paub ntxiv txog cov kab mob no. Patau Syndrome yog dab tsi? Karyotype thiab phenotypic yam ntxwv, txoj kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob, cov tsos mob thiab ua rau yog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nthuav. Cov lus nug no tsim nyog tshawb nrhiav kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Patau syndrome: karyotype thiab cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Karyotype hauv Patau Syndrome
Karyotype hauv Patau Syndrome

Ua ntej, cia peb saib cov ntaub ntawv dav dav. Patau syndrome yog dab tsi thiab nws tshwm sim li cas? Chromosomes nrog cov kab mob zoo li no tsis sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm tsim gametes lossis zygotes, uas ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm embryonic txoj kev loj hlob.

Patau Syndrome yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm simtxuam nrog trisomy ntawm 13 khub ntawm chromosomes - tus me nyuam tau txais ib qho ntxiv chromosome. Cov mis karyotype hauv qhov no yuav zoo li no: 47, XX, 13 + (rau cov ntxhais), 47, XY, 13 + (rau cov tub). Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai thiab mob hnyav, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev tsim ntawm ntau yam malformations - feem ntau lawv tsis sib haum nrog lub neej, yog li tus menyuam tuag hauv plab.

Brief keeb kwm yav dhau

Thawj zaug cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob no tau piav qhia hauv 1657 hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Danish Erasmus Bartholin. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov chromosomal xwm ntawm tus kab mob no tau ua pov thawj los ntawm Dr. Klaus Patau xyoo 1960 (tus mob no tau hu ua nws).

Cov kab mob zoo sib xws hauv lub cev tau piav qhia los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau kawm txog pawg neeg ntawm Pacific Islands. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov nce chromosomal hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw thaj chaw no tau tshwm sim los ntawm hluav taws xob puas tsuaj tom qab kev sim riam phom nuclear.

Kev txhim kho kab mob

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, Patau syndrome yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm trisomy ntawm kaum peb ntawm chromosomes. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau (raws li kev txheeb cais, hauv 80%), kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kaum peb chromosome tshwm sim meej hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm meiosis. Feem ntau, tus me nyuam tau txais ib khub ntawm chromosomes los ntawm leej niam. Qee lub sij hawm muaj Robertsonian translocation, uas lub embryo twb tau txais ib daim qauv ntawm cov noob ntxiv.

Nws tau raug pov thawj tias caj ces tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim gamete lossis tom qab - thaum lub sijhawm tsim zygote.

Txog hnub no, qhov ua rau pom kev hloov pauv tsis yogtsim - nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws tshwm sim kiag li los ntawm lub caij nyoog. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev kis tus kab mob, tus cwj pwm phem, kab mob somatic ntawm leej niam hauv kev txhim kho cov kab mob no hauv tus menyuam hauv plab kuj tsis paub.

Type of pathology

Karyotype ntawm tus neeg mob nrog Patau syndrome
Karyotype ntawm tus neeg mob nrog Patau syndrome

Hnub no, muaj ntau hom kab mob no.

  • Ib yam yooj yim. Hauv qhov no, kev ua txhaum cai tshwm sim nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm embryo. Ntxiv mus, txhua lub cell ntawm lub cev muaj chromosome ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub kaum peb khub.
  • Mosaic puab. Cov kev hloov zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim nyob rau tom qab theem ntawm kev loj hlob fetal. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee lub cev tsuas yog cov hlwb noj qab haus huv xwb, thaum lwm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob muaj cov kab mob hloov pauv pathological. Nrog rau daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no, cov tsos mob tej zaum yuav tsis meej.

Puas muaj feem cuam tshuam? Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv?

Patau Syndrome tshwm sim sai sai thiab, alas, nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas ntau yam tsis zoo.

  • Tseeb ntseeg tias kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob no nce ntxiv yog leej niam nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo.
  • Raws li twb tau hais lawm, kev raug hluav taws xob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov pom ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej chromosomal.
  • Nws kuj tau pom tias yuav muaj ntau yam chromosomal thiab noob caj noob ces hloov thaum cev xeeb tub lig (niam tshaj 45 xyoo).
  • Cov xwm txheej pheej hmoo suav nrog muaj cov kab mob tshwm sim hauvcov niam txiv tiam dhau los.
  • Nws tau raug pov thawj tias cov kab mob ntawm caj ces thiab chromosomal hloov pauv ntau zaus thaum nws los txog rau kev sib yuav ntawm cov txheeb ze ze.

Cov tsos mob ntawm pathology thaum cev xeeb tub

Patau Syndrome: karyotype thiab phenotypic yam ntxwv
Patau Syndrome: karyotype thiab phenotypic yam ntxwv

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, cov mis karyotype hauv Patau syndrome tau hloov pauv, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov no yam tsis muaj kev kuaj tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau xws li cev xeeb tub yog nrog polyhydramnios. Raws li kev txheeb cais, lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub kuj txo qis - qhov nruab nrab, nws yog li 38.5 lub lis piam. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nrog xws li ib tug pathology, cev xeeb tub yog feem ntau cuam tshuam. Muaj kev pheej hmoo siab yug menyuam.

Patau Syndrome: Duab thiab Nta

Karyotype formula rau Patau Syndrome
Karyotype formula rau Patau Syndrome

Cov menyuam yaus nrog qhov kev hloov pauv no muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb phenotypic yam ntxwv. Yuav pib nrog, nws tsim nyog hais tias cov me nyuam yug los raws sij hawm, tab sis nrog qhov hnyav - tsis muaj kev noj haus ua ntej yug me nyuam (qhov hnyav ntawm tus me nyuam puv sij hawm nrog qhov kev kuaj mob zoo sib xws tsis tshua muaj tshaj 2500 g). Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yug me nyuam kuj feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem, tshwj xeeb, asphyxia ntawm tus menyuam mos.

Ib tug me nyuam uas muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv hauv lub hlwb thiab lub ntsej muag ntawm pob txha taub hau. Muaj microcephaly - qhov ncig ntawm tus menyuam lub taub hau tsawg dua li qub. Hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob Patau syndrome, lub hauv pliaj feem ntau qis thiab nqes, tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg yog tiaj tus thiab sunken, thiab palpebral fissures nqaim. Lub auricles feem ntau deformed thiab qis.

Ib yam mob tshwm sim yog qhov tshwm simob sab clefts ntawm lub ntsej muag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, lub thiaj li hu ua cleft palate (cov pathology yog nrog los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub mos thiab tawv palate, thiab lub qhov ntswg thiab qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yog interconnected), raws li zoo raws li "cleft di ncauj" (nplaum di ncauj). Tus kws kho mob yuav xav tias muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal no nyob rau thawj ob peb teev tom qab yug menyuam.

Pathology los ntawm lwm yam kabmob

Lwm yam mob dab tsi nrog Patau's syndrome? Cov cim qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag deformities tsis yog ib qho nkaus xwb. Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam yuav luag txhua lub hauv nruab nrog cev, ua rau muaj kev yug me nyuam loj heev.

  • Ntau tus menyuam yaus muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab kev tsom xam qhov muag. Ua tau hydrocephalus, hyloprochencephaly, dysgenesis ntawm corpus callosum, nrog rau kev tsim ntawm spinal hernias. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim muaj xws li lag ntseg, cov kab mob hauv lub cev ntawm cov kab mob cataracts, retinal dysplasia, qhov txo qis ntawm cov axons hauv cov qauv ntawm cov paj hlwb, uas ua rau pom kev tsis pom kev loj.
  • Muaj peev xwm ua rau lub plawv tsis xws luag, suav nrog patent aortic duct, coarctation ntawm aorta, ventricular thiab atrial septal defects.
  • Ntau tus menyuam mos yug los muaj lub raum tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cov neeg mob tau kuaj pom muaj hydronephrosis, kab mob polycystic, nrog rau cov kab mob hu ua "horseshoe raum."
  • Kev hloov pauv txawv txav hauv lub plab zom mov tuaj yeem ua tau. Lawv cov npe suav nrog kev tsim ntawm Meckel's diverticula, cystic neoplasms nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub txiav, ua tsis tiav lub plab zom mov.
  • Qhov kev hloov pauv tseem cuam tshuam rau lub cev ntawm cov kab ke kev ua me nyuam. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev ncua sij hawm txo qis hauv cov qe ntshav mus rau hauv lub scrotum (cryptorchim), nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov qhib sab nraud ntawm cov zis, tuaj yeem ua tau. Hauv cov menyuam mos liab, hypertrophy ntawm labia thiab clitoris feem ntau pom, tsim ntawm lub tsev menyuam bicornuate, lossis txawm tias tsim ob lub tsev menyuam thiab qhov chaw mos.
  • Pathology cuam tshuam tsis yog cov pob txha ntawm pob txha taub hau xwb, tab sis kuj muaj lwm cov qauv ntawm cov pob txha. Piv txwv li, cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob Patau feem ntau muaj polydactyly (zoo li cov ntiv tes ntxiv ntawm ko taw thiab tes) thiab syndactyly (fusion ntawm ntiv tes).
  • Txhua tus menyuam uas muaj tus kabmob no raug mob hnyav rau lub cev thiab lub hlwb.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov kab mob chromosomal no muaj qhov txaus ntshai thiab qhov tshwm sim loj heev, yog li kev cia siab rau menyuam yaus tsis zoo.

ntsuas ntsuas

Patau Syndrome (Duab)
Patau Syndrome (Duab)

Nws puas tuaj yeem kuaj pom tus kab mob xws li Patau's syndrome thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam hauv plab? Kev kuaj mob nyob rau theem no yeej ua tau. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, pathology yog nrog los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qee cov tsos mob thaum cev xeeb tub.

Raws li txoj cai, qhov muaj qhov hloov pauv tau xav tias thaum lub sijhawm kuaj ultrasound. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav nco ntsoov qhov nce hauv qhov ntim ntawm cov kua amniotic, nrog rau qhov muaj qhov txawv txav hauv cov qauv ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cev, qhov tsis muaj plaub hau ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab, qhov hnyav hauv plab hauv plab, thiab lwm yam.

Nyob rau yav tom ntej, kev tshawb fawb txog caj ces ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv tau raug ua, vim tias, raws li koj paub, karyotype ntawm tus neeg mob Patau syndrome txawv ntawmib txwm. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas hauv qab no yog cov ntaub ntawv.

  • Amniocentesis - sau thiab tshuaj xyuas ntxiv ntawm cov kua dej amniotic.
  • Cordocentesis - lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem yog kom tau cov ntshav qaum nrog nws qhov kev kuaj mob ntxiv.
  • Chorion villus biopsy yog txheej txheem uas suav nrog kev sau ntawm villi siv lub ntsuas tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yog muab rau cov poj niam uas xav tias Down syndrome, Patau thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev tshawb fawb no cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo (piv txwv li, muaj peev xwm poob tus menyuam). Tom qab tus menyuam yug los, qhov kev kuaj mob tau lees paub tom qab kuaj los ntawm tus kws kho mob neonatologist lossis kws kho mob menyuam yaus.

Puas muaj kev kho mob zoo?

Cov cim qhia ntawm Patau Syndrome
Cov cim qhia ntawm Patau Syndrome

Koj twb paub tias Patau syndrome yog dab tsi. Lub karyotype ntawm tus menyuam uas muaj qhov kev kuaj mob no tau hloov pauv, uas cuam tshuam rau cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov kabmob. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov ua tau rau kev kho mob muaj tsawg heev. Qee zaum kev phais yog ua los kho qhov txawv txav ntawm lub cev (xws li lub ntsej muag clefts).

Tus menyuam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li los ntawm kws kho mob plawv, kws kho mob hlwb, kws kho qhov muag, kws kho mob urologist, kws kho mob ENT, kws kho mob orthopedist, kws kho caj ces thiab lwm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau muab kev saib xyuas zoo thiab noj zaub mov zoo. Nyob ntawm seb muaj qee yam kab mob, kev kho mob tau ua tiav.

Kev ntsuas rau cov neeg mob me

Patau Syndrome: chromosomes
Patau Syndrome: chromosomes

Hnub no, suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai heevPatau Syndrome. Lub karyotype ntawm tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab qhov kev cia siab rau cov menyuam yaus yog qhov tsis zoo. Kev xeeb tub feem ntau xaus rau kev nchuav menyuam.

Yog tus menyuam tseem yug los, raws li kev txheeb cais, tsis tshua muaj nyob tau ib xyoos. Tsuas yog hauv qee lub tebchaws tsim kho, cov kws kho mob thiab cov niam txiv muaj lub sijhawm los txuas lub neej ntawm tus menyuam mus txog 4-5 xyoos. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov tshuaj niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem muab txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv lossis kev kho mob zoo.

Pom zoo: