Caffeine, cov mis uas yuav qhia rau koj mloog hauv tsab xov xwm, yog ib yam khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv ob peb yam khoom noj uas peb siv yuav luag txhua hnub. Tshuaj yej ntsuab, kas fes, tshuaj yej dub, Coca-Cola, qhob noom xim kasfes, cocoa - tag nrho cov dej qab zib nrov thiab cov khoom noj muaj ntau heev ntawm nws. Tias yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum paub ntau npaum li sai tau txog cov tshuaj no thiab nws cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev.
Hauv kab lus no peb yuav saib seb caffeine yog dab tsi, tag nrho nws cov khoom thiab nta. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog nws, tsab xov xwm no tuaj yeem pab koj.
Caffeine Caffeine. Caffeine formula
Peb coob leej siv caffeine ntau zaus (nrog zaub mov, dej qab zib). Thiab nws yog dab tsi tiag? Hauv cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb, caffeine yog purine alkaloid, uas yog ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, nws feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv qee cov nroj tsuag, suav nrog guarana, tsob ntoo kas fes, tshuaj yej, cocoa, cola, phooj ywg thiab lwm tus.
Qhov tseeb nthuav heev, caffeine yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag saum toj no txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kab tsuag uas noj lawv nplooj thiab stems. Nws kujpab cov nroj tsuag kom nyiam cov kab pollinators.
Cov tshuaj formula rau caffeine yog: C₈H₁₀N₄O₂.
Raws li lub cev muaj zog ntawm caffeine ntshiab, nws yog cov khoom siv crystalline uas tsis muaj xim thiab tsis hnov tsw. Qee zaum, caffeine, cov qauv uas tau nthuav tawm rau koj cov xim hauv kab lus, tej zaum yuav yog dawb.
Caffeine nrhiav tau li cas
caffeine yog dab tsi, koj twb paub lawm. Leej twg qhib nws thiab thaum twg? Caffeine tau tshawb pom los ntawm tus kws kho mob nto moo hu ua Ferdinand Runge. Qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim hauv 1819. Lub npe "caffeine" kuj tau tsim los ntawm Runge.
Txawm tias muaj caffeine, paub rau peb txhua tus, tau tshawb pom rov qab rau xyoo 1819, nws cov qauv thiab cov qauv tau kawm zoo kawg nkaus tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 19th. Qhov no tau ua los ntawm Hermann Fischer, uas kuj tau ua thawj qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov teeb meem. Feem ntau vim qhov no, xyoo 1902 tus kws tshawb fawb German tau txais qhov khoom plig tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb, uas yog, Nobel nqi zog.
Txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm caffeine rau tib neeg lub cev
Thaum caffeine nkag mus rau tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev, nws pib ua rau lub hauv paus paj hlwb, ua kom lub plawv ua haujlwm sai thiab, vim li ntawd, lub plawv dhia, kuj ua rau cov hlab ntsha thiab muaj qee yam teebmeem.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no rau tib neeg lub cev tau ua rau muaj kev siv caffeine ntau rau kev kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob hauv ntau cov tshuaj kho mob taub hau, thiab feem ntau sivraws li lub plawv stimulant. Caffeine kuj pab tshem tawm qaug zog thiab ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim li cas coob tus neeg pib ua haujlwm thaum sawv ntxov nrog ib khob kas fes.
YCaffeine siv
Caffeine, cov khoom uas tau kawm ntev heev, tau pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov carbonated thiab lub zog dej qab zib. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv cov tshuaj. Raws li tau hais los saum no, caffeine yog ib feem ntawm ntau yam kev npaj kho mob ntawm ntau yam teebmeem.
Caffeine kuj yog ib qho kev vam meej hauv kev ua kis las. Ntau tus neeg ncaws pob noj cov tshuaj caffeine ntshiab thiab npaj caffeinated. Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, vim nws stimulating nyhuv, uas yuav muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau cov kev ua si tau zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, caffeine pab kom hlawv rog zoo dua, uas tseem siv rau hauv ntau yam kev ua kis las kws tshuaj, nrog rau ntau yam khoom hnyav.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias caffeine tuaj yeem ua rau mob zoo heev. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias hauv kev kho mob taub hau ntev, kev siv cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua haujlwm tau 40% siab dua.
Qee zaum caffeine yog siv rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov chav tshwj xeeb thiab cov tub rog. Piv txwv li, cov pos hniav tshwj xeeb caffeinated yog suav nrog hauv kev noj zaub mov ntawm Asmeskas tub rog. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg,uas lawv tau siv tsis yog hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Tub Rog, tab sis kuj muaj muag dawb. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov pos hniav no pab ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm, ua kom lub plawv dhia, tiv thaiv kom tsaug zog zoo thiab muaj lwm yam teebmeem ntawm caffeine.
Caffeine cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom
kas fes thiab tshuaj yej yog ib txwm haus. Coob leej txaus siab rau lo lus nug, qhov twg yog caffeine ntau dua: hauv tshuaj yej lossis kas fes? Ua ntej teb nws, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias caffeine cov ntsiab lus ntawm kas fes nyob ntawm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hom taum, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub degree ntawm roasting. Piv txwv li, ib khob ntawm brewed haus muaj kwv yees li 100-200 mg ntawm caffeine, thaum ib khob ntawm instant haus muaj 25-170 mg.
Yog li qhov twg muaj caffeine ntau dua, hauv tshuaj yej lossis kas fes? Cov lus teb yog pom tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kas fes muaj caffeine ntau dua li tshuaj yej. Yog li, piv txwv li, ib khob tshuaj yej dub muaj kwv yees li 15-70 mg ntawm caffeine, ntsuab - 25-45 mg ntawm caffeine, thaum nyob rau hauv ib khob kas fes, raws li tau hais los saum no, - 25-170 mg.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias caffeine tsis yog nyob rau hauv tshuaj yej thiab kas fes xwb, nws muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lwm yam dej qab zib. Lub npe nrov Coca-Cola tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lawv. Caffeine kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv chocolate thiab, vim li ntawd, hauv txhua yam khoom noj uas muaj chocolate.
Caffeine: Kev Noj Tshuaj Zoo
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo uas cov tshuaj xws li caffeine muaj, nws yeej muaj nws tus kheejtus nqi siab tshaj plaws. Raws li ntau cov kev tshawb fawb kho mob, qhov kev nyab xeeb txhua hnub koob tshuaj caffeine yog 400 milligrams ib hnub.
Puas yog ntau lossis tsawg? Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los qhia nrog cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb. 400 milligrams ntawm caffeine yog hais txog 3-4 khob ntawm instant kas fes nrog ib lub ntim ntawm 0.25 liters, los yog 12-15 khob tshuaj yej ntsuab ntawm tib lub ntim. Los yog txog 5 litres ntawm Coca-Cola. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj haus tshuaj yej, cola lossis kas fes ntau dua ib hnub, koj yuav tsum rov xav txog koj cov zaub mov.
Koj tuaj yeem tuag los ntawm caffeine yog tias koj noj ntau dua 10 grams ntawm cov tshuaj no ib hnub. Yuav kom nkag siab zoo dua 10 grams caffeine yog dab tsi, xav txog 120 cov kaus poom ntawm cov dej haus ib txwm muaj, xws li Red Bull, yog li koj yuav tsum tau haus ntau npaum li cas kom tau txais cov tshuaj tua kab mob no.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb, kev noj ntau dhau ntawm caffeine, uas yog, ntau dua 400 milligrams ib hnub, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, ntawm lawv tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem hauv lub plawv, lub siab xav tsis zoo, thiab qee qhov cuam tshuam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov caffeine ntau dhau yog txaus ntshai rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating cov poj niam, uas qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm caffeine ib hnub twg yog 200 milligrams.
Thaum nws zoo dua tsis txhob siv caffeine
Vim tias caffeine yog ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws muaj zog thiab muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau nws tus kheej, muaj ib pab pawg neeg uas yuav zoo dua kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj no thiab cov khoom muaj. Ntawm cov neeg no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyeminsomnia, atherosclerosis, kab mob cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab plawv, nrog rau nce excitability.
"Caffeine-sodium benzoate": cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, caffeine tau nquag siv hauv kev kho mob, vim nws muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam teeb meem. Ib qho tshuaj uas muaj caffeine nrov tshaj plaws yog Caffeine-Sodium Benzoate, cov lus qhia rau kev siv uas yuav tau tham hauv qab no. Nws tuaj yeem pab nrog ntau yam teeb meem thiab kab mob.
Pharmacological ua. Hais txog nws cov tshuaj pharmacological, cov tshuaj "Coffee-sodium benzoate" zoo ib yam li caffeine.
Daim ntawv thov. Cov tshuaj no yog siv rau cov teeb meem xws li kev tsis txaus ntawm cov hlab plawv system, kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb, nrog rau kev lom nrog txhua yam ntawm narcotic tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem siv rau cov teeb meem nrog kev qaug zog, nrog enuresis hauv cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau, yog tias tsim nyog, txhawm rau nce qib ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lub cev ua haujlwm.
Cov teebmeem ntawm caffeine. Zoo li ntau lwm yam tshuaj, "Caffeine-sodium benzoate" muaj ntau yam kev phiv. Ntawm lawv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntau dhau kev ntxhov siab, ua rau pw tsaug zog, tachycardia, xeev siab thiab ntuav kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Thaum siv cov tshuaj no mus ntev, kev quav tshuaj rau nws thiab cov tshuaj uas muaj caffeine feem ntau thiabkhoom.
Txoj Kev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum noj Caffeine-Sodium Benzoate, cov nyhuv yog nyob ntawm hom tib neeg lub paj hlwb, thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv ntawm excitation thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm inhibition ntawm nws cov hauj lwm.
Kev siv cov tshuaj no ntau dhau thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau kev rho menyuam tsis tu ncua, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab, thiab ntau yam kabmob cuam tshuam nrog nws lub cev. Yog li ntawd, "Caffeine-sodium benzoate" tsis pom zoo rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
Nws tseem pom zoo kom tsis txhob noj tshuaj thaum sawv ntxov, thiab tsis muaj qhov txhaum cai.
Kev sib tham nrog lwm yam tshuaj
Thaum siv "Caffeine-sodium benzoate" ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj tsaug zog lossis tshuaj narcotic, nws tuaj yeem txo cov nyhuv.
Thaum siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj estrogen, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ua kom ntev ntev ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm caffeine rau tib neeg lub cev.
Kuj, caffeine, thaum siv ua ke nrog ergotamine, nce nws qhov nqus tau.
Ntau tshaj
Kev noj ntau dhau ntawm caffeine feem ntau yog nrog los ntawm ntau yam teebmeem, ntawm cov uas feem ntau yog: nce kev ntxhov siab, mob taub hau, nyob tsis tswm, muaj teeb meem nrog kev nco qab, tsis meej pem thiab lwm yam teeb meem.
Yog tias qhov concentration ntawm caffeine hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab tshaj 50 mg / ml, ces qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom, ntawmuas tej zaum yuav yog tachypnea, tshee, tachycardia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau dua concentration, convulsions yuav pib tshwm sim.
Result
Caffeine yog ib yam khoom uas muaj ntau ntau yam khoom thiab cov teebmeem, uas ua rau nws nrov heev hauv pharmacology, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Cov neeg feem coob haus qee cov caffeine yuav luag txhua hnub los ntawm tshuaj yej, kas fes, chocolate, lossis qee cov dej qab zib. Caffeine nws tus kheej muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev, suav nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb, ua kom lub plawv dhia, tiv thaiv kev qaug zog thiab lwm yam teebmeem. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj nce qhov kev nyab xeeb txhua hnub koob tshuaj ntawm 400 mg ntawm caffeine ib hnub, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua rau tuag taus, yog tias noj ntawm 10 grams ntawm cov tshuaj hauv ib hnub.
