Oncology yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob hluas. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tab tom txhim kho ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kab mob oncological yog txuam nrog kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov kab mob no. Ntau lab tus tib neeg tuag los ntawm malignant neoplasms. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab kev mob hnyav tau pom nyob txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho.
mob qog noj ntshav nyuaj kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem siab. Yog li ntawd, kev ua ntawm cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tshawb fawb yog tsom los tiv thaiv tus kab mob no. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv oncological pathologies, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub qhov ua rau lawv tshwm sim. Tam sim no, ntau yam etiological tau paub tias tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav.
World cancer statistics
Raws li kev txheeb cais hauv ntiaj teb, cov kab mob oncological yog qhov thib 3 ntawm kev tuag. Cov kab mob muaj ntau dua rau cov neeg laus. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau kaum xyoo dhau los, pathology tau dhau los ua "hluas dua". Qee hom mob qog noj ntshav tshwm sim thaum yau. Cov no suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lymphaticnodes, ntshav, cov ntaub so ntswg mos. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, cov txheeb cais ntawm malignant neoplasms tau muab tso ua ke. Ntawm cov poj niam pej xeem, mob qog noj ntshav mis yog qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj. Nws ua raws li cov kab mob oncological ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, plab, hnyuv, thyroid caj pas. Hauv cov txiv neej, mob ntsws cancer feem ntau yog. Kev mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm prostate, plab, qhov quav, daim siab, thiab lwm yam kuj tshwm sim.
Cov kab mob oncological feem ntau, tsis hais poj niam txiv neej ntawm tus neeg mob, yog: tawv nqaij, ntsws thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Ntawm cov neeg mob me, feem ntau hom malignant neoplasms yog: lymphomas, neuro- thiab retinoblastomas, leukemia. Lawv ua raws li cov qog ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov nqaij mos, raum.
Tus kws kho mob oncologist ua dab tsi?
Cov kws phais tau cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem malignant txog 100 xyoo dhau los. Nws tau ntseeg tias kev kho mob ntawm cov qog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lawv qhov kev tshem tawm. Tam sim no, muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob. Tus kws kho mob oncologist tau koom nrog hauv kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij no suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav malignant.
- Kev txiav txim siab ntawm theem ntawm pathology thiab pab pawg ntawm kev saib xyuas lub tsev kho mob.
- Kev xaiv txoj kev kho mob, xa mus rau lub tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb.
- Saib thiab saib xyuas cov neeg mob.
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo rau oncological pathologies.
- Kev kho mob palliativeCov neeg mob uas tsis tau qhia txog kev kho mob vim qhov mob hnyav thiab muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub cev.
Nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kws kho mob oncologist, muaj ntau hom kws kho mob. Cov no suav nrog: tus kws khomob khomob, kws khomob hluav taws xob, thiab tus kws phais mob dav dav uas tshem cov qog.
Caus ntawm oncological pathologies
Nws tsis tuaj yeem qhia meej qhov ua rau ntawm oncology. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qee yam ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm qog nqaij hlav cancer. Cov no suav nrog:
- Kev haus luam yeeb. Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav nce ntxiv hauv cov tib neeg ua rau tus cwj pwm phem.
- Kev noj haus tsis raug. Cov tshuaj tua kab yog siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom noj niaj hnub no. Ntau yam no suav hais tias yog carcinogens.
- caj ces predisposition yog lwm qhov ua rau oncology. Feem ntau, mob qog noj ntshav tshwm sim hauv tib tsev neeg.
- Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Qhov nce ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog txuam nrog ib puag ncig degradation.
- raug tus kab mob. Qhov no yog hais txog cov kab mob uas niaj hnub nyob hauv lub cev. Ntawm lawv yog tus kab mob Epstein-Barr, CMV, ntau hom HPV, ureaplasma, chlamydia, thiab lwm yam.
- teebmeem kev nyuaj siab. Feem ntau, cov qog nqaij hlav loj hlob hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev nyuaj siab, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntau lub neej.
- Cov kab mob endocrine.
Ua rau mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm tib yam, qee tus neeg muaj mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov hlwb, thaum lwm tus tsis ua. Yog li ntawd, tus kheej yam ntxwvlub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm ib puag ncig hauv kev txhim kho mob qog noj ntshav
Kev hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem. Environmental degradation yog ib qho teeb meem loj. Vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm "ozone qhov", qhov tsos ntawm smog nyob rau hauv lub nroog loj, dej thiab av muaj kuab paug, muaj ib tug nyiam nce pathologies. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob oncological thiab caj ces tsis xws luag.
Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav nce ntxiv thaum muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam. Vim yog ionizing hluav taws xob, cov qog ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid, thiab cov ntshav tshwm sim. Kev raug lub hnub ntev yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ua rau melanoma, ib qho ntawm cov kab mob hnyav tshaj plaws. Arid huab cua ua rau o ntawm daim di ncauj, degeneration ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm hormonal hloov ntawm kev txhim kho qog noj ntshav
Raws li kws kho mob, qhov ua rau ntawm oncology dag nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov hauv hormonal theem. Kev tso zis ntau ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen thiab txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua tus poj niam uas mob qog noj ntshav mis. Lwm qhov pov thawj ntawm qhov kev xav no yog cov txheej txheem oncological nyob rau hauv cov qog mammary thiab cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw mos (cervix, zes qe menyuam, endometrium) tsim nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas siv tshuaj hormonal contraceptives ntev. Cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov poj niam feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog hyperestrogenism. Cov no muaj xws li: kev xav lability, hloovkev coj khaub ncaws, uterine los ntshav tsis zoo.
Ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv menyuam yaus
Qhov ua rau ntawm oncology hauv menyuam yaus tseem tsis tau paub meej. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, cov tsos mob ntawm cancer nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam yog txuam nrog ib tug loaded keeb kwm yav dhau los, kev tsis zoo, thiab kev nyuaj siab. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qog nce nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm carcinogenic yam ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab. Kev tso lub cev tsis raug thaum cev xeeb tub tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- Kev siv tshuaj uas muaj contraindicated rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
- Tom qab niam thiab txiv (dhau 35).
- Nyob haus cawv, haus luam yeeb.
- Kev txhim kho cov kab mob sib kis hauv niam.
- Siv tshuaj.
- Txoj Kev Nyuaj Siab.
Oncological pathologies feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Teratomas feem ntau raug mob atypia. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qog nqaij hlav hlav.
Ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov neeg laus
Qhov ua rau ntawm oncology hauv cov neeg laus yog tib yam. Cancer feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus thiab senile hnub nyoog. Ib qho laj thawj yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qog nqaij hlav malignant hauv cov neeg laus tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm precancerous pathologies. Cov no suav nrog cov txheej txheem mob ntev uas tau hloov pauv cirrhotic. Ntawm lawv: plab rwj, ncauj tsev menyuam yaig, hemorrhoids, qhov quav fissure, kab mob siab, pancreatitis, thiab lwm yam.
Tsis zoo li menyuam yaus, cov neeg laus muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, yog li qhov no suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm qog noj ntshav. Kev haus luam yeeb mus ntev kuj tseem ceeb heev. Nws ntseeg tau tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb etiological hauv kev loj hlob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob no ua rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb ntau dua 1 pob ib hnub rau ntau xyoo.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev noj haus hauv kev loj hlob ntawm oncology
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov ua rau ntawm oncology dag hauv kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus. Hmoov tsis zoo, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, ntau yam khoom raug hloov kho. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab rau ntau yam khoom noj. Cov tshuaj no yog carcinogenic. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo ua rau cov kab mob ntev ntawm lub plab thiab cov hnyuv. Cov kab mob no tau muab cais ua cov mob precancerous. Yog li ntawd, nws raug pom zoo kom tsis yog siv cov khoom noj ntuj xwb, tab sis kuj ua ke kom raug thaum ua noj.
