Ntshav chloride: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, lus qhia kho mob thiab kev kho mob

Cov txheej txheem:

Ntshav chloride: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, lus qhia kho mob thiab kev kho mob
Ntshav chloride: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, lus qhia kho mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: Ntshav chloride: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, lus qhia kho mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: Ntshav chloride: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, lus qhia kho mob thiab kev kho mob
Video: direct composite veneers with layering technique 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Kev kuaj ntshav yog ua kom kuaj tau thiab tiv thaiv kab mob thaum ntxov. Lub xub ntiag ntawm chlorine hauv cov ntaub so ntswg yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob. Cov ntshav biochemistry tseem ceeb heev los txiav txim siab txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg mob. Feem ntau muab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau qib ntawm chlorides hauv cov ntshav. Nws cov txiaj ntsig txhais li cas? Yuav ua li cas yog tias kuaj pom gyrechloremia lossis hypochloremia?

Norms

Chlorine yog ib feem ntawm tsis yog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis kuj yog cov kua dej sib txuas. Cov khoom no yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ywj pheej ions, tsis zoo them (anions). Lawv cov dej num sib txawv, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog tswj cov nyhuv hydrostatic thiab cov kua qaub sib npaug hauv cov qauv. Chlorine nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog zaub mov. Lub ntsiab cia khoom nruab nrog cev yog daim tawv nqaij, nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas ntau tshaj 50% ntawm cov chlorine tuaj txog yog khaws cia. Thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm ua hauj lwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev, qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub concentration ntawm chlorides yog vim lub txij nkawmib puag ncig nruab nrab.

Ib txwm saturation ntawm chloride hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg laus yog 98-107 mmol ib liter. Kev khaws cia tas li ntawm cov dej-ntsev sib npaug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, yog li cov ntshav muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum ruaj khov. Kev nce ntxiv lossis txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine qhia tias muaj cov kab mob pathology.

hauv vitro tsom xam
hauv vitro tsom xam

Indications for analysis

Cov khoom siv biochemistry yog 5-10 milliliters ntshav (cov qauv coj los ntawm lub plab khoob los ntawm cov leeg).

Kev tshuaj xyuas yog sau rau cov hom phiaj hauv qab no:

  • ntsuas kua qaub thiab electrolyte tshuav.
  • Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov kab mob ntawm lub raum thiab daim siab, nrog rau cov kab mob ntawm cov metabolism, convulsive mob thiab pathologies ntawm kev nco qab.
  • Control kua- ntsev tshuav nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev infusion kho.
  • Nrhiav cov cim qhia rau cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob sib kis thiab tsis kis kab mob, nrog rau raws plab ntev thiab xeev siab.

Tus naj npawb ntawm chlorides raug soj ntsuam ua ke nrog cov muaj sodium thiab potassium cations. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov sodium tam sim no (raws li cov ntshav cation tseem ceeb) thiab cov tshuaj chlorine thiab bicarbonate tam sim no hu ua anion gap. Qhov ntsuas no, raws li txoj cai, yog 8-16 mmol / l, thiab nws qhov ntau tshaj qhia tias tsis ua raws li cov kua qaub-puag tshuav.

ntawm tus kws kho mob
ntawm tus kws kho mob

YHyperchloremia

Cov ntshav siab chloride (hyperchloremia) yog qhov sib txawv uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine ntau dhau.

Rau ib tug neeg yuav muajQhov tshwm sim loj heev yog tias nws siv 15 grams chlorine ib zaug. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem loj, vim hais tias cov khoom yog tshuaj lom. Nws rhuav tshem cov hlwb noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev, vim li ntawd, kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo pib. Yog tias koj tsis nqis tes ua, tus neeg raug kuaj pom tias lub cev qhuav dej. Cov tsos mob hauv qab no yuav qhia tau tias muaj cov tshuaj chlorine nce ntxiv:

  • kev tuav dej.
  • High BP.
  • Irregular heart rate.
  • Muscle tsis muaj zog.
  • Tingling in nqaij, loog.
  • Txhawj xeeb.

Ua rau muaj cov tshuaj chlorine siab hauv cov ntshav

Qhov tshwm sim no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas noj zaub mov lossis tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj no ntau ntxiv. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo tias kev noj 15 g ntawm chlorine ib zaug tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab hnyuv, vim tias cov khoom no yog tshuaj lom.

Muaj ob yam uas koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb cov ntshav chloride nce siab lossis tsis:

  1. Absolute.
  2. Ntxhais.

Qhov ua rau pathology yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov zis thiab plab zom mov. Yog tias tus neeg mob raug kev txom nyem los ntawm nephritis lossis nephrosis, ces cov kab mob no ua rau qeeb hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov kua thiab ntsev, vim tias lawv pib sib sau ua ke dhau sijhawm.

kuaj ntshav rau chlorides
kuaj ntshav rau chlorides

Qhov concentration ntawm chlorine loj tuaj. Lwm yam laj thawj:

  • ntshav siab sodium ntau ntau.
  • Kev noj tsis txaus, noj yoo mov.
  • Kev noj zaub mov ntau ntxiv.
  • Dehydration.
  • mob plawv.
  • raum tsis ua haujlwm.
  • Kev kho mob nrog qee yam tshuaj.

YHypochloremia

Qib ib txwm ntawm sodium chloride hauv cov ntshav yog kwv yees li 98-107 mmol ib liter. Lub cev qhuav dej yog qhov txaus ntshai los ntawm kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha. Txo cov chlorides hauv cov ntshav (hypochloremia) tuaj yeem taug qab ntawm osmotic siab thaum muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm alkaline-acid tshuav nyiaj li cas hauv tib neeg. Cov tshuaj chloride tsis txaus hauv cov ntshav feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv (gastritis, rwj, thiab lwm yam).

Macronutrient deficiency ua rau cov tsos mob no:

  1. Vim.
  2. tawm hws ntau dhau.
  3. Txiv plaub hau, rau tes thiab cov hniav.
  4. khaw cia.
  5. Edema
  6. Metabolic ntshawv siab.
  7. High BP.

Tsis tas li, nrog qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj chlorine, cov leeg tsis muaj zog nrog kev ua tsis taus pa tuaj yeem taug qab, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua pa, thiab teeb meem nrog kev zom zaub mov tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, lub cev ncaj qha qhia cov chlorides hauv cov ntshav hauv qhov tsim nyog kev coj ua kom muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo.

test tubes rau kev tsom xam
test tubes rau kev tsom xam

Ua rau thiab nta ntawm cov tshuaj chloride qis

Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau ntawm cov cim qhia tias tsis muaj cov tshuaj chlorine hauv tib neeg, vim tias kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj tau ua rau nas nkaus xwb.

Cov cim hauv qab no yuav qhia tias tsis muaj chlorine:

  1. Kev qaug zog tsis txaus kom txog thaum anorexia tsim.
  2. Tsis tshua muaj siab rau quav.
  3. plaub hau poob, thiab qee zaum txawm hniav.
  4. Riseo.
  5. Kev dhia ntshav siab mus rau qhov tsis ntseeg siab (txawm tias txhua yam nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab nws cov kev cuam tshuam nrog tsis muaj chlorine).
  6. Kev tsim ntawm alkalosis.

Yog tias ib tug neeg pib poob phaus sai heev yam tsis muaj laj thawj, lossis yog tias cov plaub hau ua nkig, nws yuav tsis yog superfluous mus ntsib ib lub tsev kho mob kom kuaj ntshav thiab qhia meej qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov microelement hauv lub cev. lub cev.

Diagnosis

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov tshuaj chloride hauv cov ntshav yog tsim los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav. Nws yog muab los ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub plab khoob. Cov cai ntawm chlorides hauv cov ntshav yog li ntawm 98 txog 107 mmol / liter.

ntshav kuaj
ntshav kuaj

Ntau zaus, yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv ntawm lub raum thiab daim siab.

Yog tus neeg mob noj cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine ntsev, cov kev kho no yuav tsum raug cuam tshuam ua ntej kev tshuaj xyuas. Lub sij hawm npaum li cas koj yuav tsum tau ua qhov no yog txiav txim los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm excretion ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm lub cev, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib hnub ua ntej kuaj ntshav rau cov tshuaj chloride, cov khoom noj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm kev noj haus.

Cov lus hauv qab no qhia ntau npaum li cas chloride tso cai rau hauv lub cev ib hnub:

khoom rooj
khoom rooj

Kev sib txawv ntawm ib qho kev taw qhia lossis lwm qhov ntawm cov cim txwv yuav cuam tshuam rau lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv.

Kev kho mob rau tus neeg mob

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj chloride ntau dhau, qhov sib npaug ntawm kev siv dej yuav tsum tau ua. Cov neeg lausKoj yuav tsum haus li 2.5 litres dej ntshiab ib hnub twg. Rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos, daim duab no yog 500 ml, thiab rau cov hluas - 1 liter. Tau kawg, qhov no yog qhov nruab nrab. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv khw kub (bakeries, steelworkers, blacksmiths, thiab lwm yam), tus qauv yuav tsum siab dua.

Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm chlorides, tus neeg mob tau muab tshuaj:

  • Tshuaj tiv thaiv xeev siab, ntuav, raws plab.
  • nce dej kom tsawg (txog 3 litres ib hnub twg).
  • Kev txwv tsis pub haus cawv thiab caffeine.
  • Kev kho cov kab mob hauv qab (kev tswj ntshav qabzib hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus).
  • Yog tus neeg mob mob hnyav, lawv tau muab cov kua dej tso rau hauv.
  • Kev noj haus.

Hypochloremia yog kho nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj sodium chloride. Nyob rau hauv ib qho mob hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob, lawv tau txhaj tshuaj intravenously (siv lub dropper). Kev noj zaub mov yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, uas yuav tsum muaj cov khoom noj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm chlorides.

cov khoom noj uas muaj chlorine
cov khoom noj uas muaj chlorine

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj chloride hauv cov ntshav siab lossis qis, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cov ntsev ntau, haus tsawg kawg 2.5 litres ntawm cov dej ntshiab uas tsis yog carbonated txhua hnub, kho cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev thiab ntshav qab zib raws sijhawm, thiab raug tshuaj xyuas raws sijhawm. Nov yog cov npe khoom noj uas muaj chlorides:

  • Olives.
  • Celery

  • txiv lws suav.
  • Salad ntau yam.
  • Rye.
  • khoom noj ceev.
  • Cheese.
  • Pas.
  • Buckwheat.
  • qe qaib.
  • fig.
  • Qee hom ntses (mackerel, flounder, hake, capelin, tuna, crucian carp.

Raws li cov npe no, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv qhia zaub mov zoo rau koj tus kheej.

Pom zoo: