Nws thiaj li tshwm sim uas cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg kawm ncaj ncees feem ntau ntseeg tias lub tswv yim ntawm "kev txhaj tshuaj" tsuas yog siv tau rau cov menyuam yaus xwb. Tsis tseeb, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg laus tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog thaum yau.
ADSM - nws yog dab tsi
Cov ntawv ADSM paub peb thaum yau. Kev txhaj tshuaj ADSM txhais li cas? Kev txiav txim siab rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tau npaj yog tib yam. Cov ntawv luv "ADS" txhais tau tias "Diphtheria-Stutanus Toxoid", tsab ntawv "M" txhais tau tias "me", uas yog, tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog txo tus lej ntawm antigens.
ADSM yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thiab kab mob diphtheria. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM tsuas yog tsim nyog rau cov neeg laus xws li menyuam yaus, nws tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thiab diphtheria. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj xws li purified, adsorbed ntawm aluminium hydroxide, tetanus thiab diphtheria toxoids. Purified toxoid yog ua tiav, uas yog, tsis muaj zog co toxins ntawm cov kab mob, tsis muaj zog txaus kom tsis txhob ua phem rau tib neeg lub cev thiab tib lub sijhawm khaws lub peev xwm los txhawb kev tsim tawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv.
Mechanism of actionADSM
Kev txhaj tshuaj ADSM rau cov neeg laus qhia txog kev qaug zog tetanus thiab diphtheria co toxins rau hauv lub cev, khaws lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Toxins ua rau lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb hauv kev teb rau lawv qhov muaj. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav rhuav tshem cov kab mob kab mob diphtheria thiab tetanus.
Piv txwv hais tias, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qee txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam li kev tshem tawm, rho tawm, daim ntawv ntawm cov kab mob sib kis uas tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov rau ntau xyoo.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ADSM
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM yog txhaj rau cov neeg laus txhua txhua kaum xyoo ntawm lub neej, xws li kaum xyoo tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los, tsis hais hnub nyoog twg lawv nyob rau lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, thiab lwm yam mus txog thaum tuag.
Yog tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua txhaum cai thiab qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv zaum kawg tau txhaj tshuaj ntau dua 20 xyoo dhau los, ib tus neeg tau txhaj tshuaj ob zaug, uas yog, ib zaug ntxiv tom qab 40 hnub ntxiv.
Thaum tus neeg laus feem ntau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug hauv nws lub neej, tshuaj tiv thaiv peb zaug. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM rov qab rau cov neeg laus thaum pib txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog muab rau 40 hnub tom qab thawj zaug, thiab thib peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog siv ib xyoos tom qab thib ob.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM thaum muaj xwm ceev. Nws yog muab rau cov neeg mob raug mob nrog cov kab mob sib kis, yog tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los muaj hnub nyoog tshaj tsib xyoos.
Cov neeg laus tshwj xeeb yog xav tau kev txhaj tshuaj ADSM, vim lawv muaj lub cev tsis muaj zogthiab ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob ntau ntxiv. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob raug saib xyuas ADSM, hais txog qhov muaj cov kab mob loj heev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yog ib qho qhia meej rau revaccination.
Contraindications rau ADSM txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
Muaj cov xwm txheej raws li qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM tsis tau muab. Contraindications nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus hais rau cov neeg mob uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob loj heev, ua xua rau cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj, hyperreaction rau yav tas los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev txhaj tshuaj ADSM yog ncua rau cov poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Nws tseem raug ncua rau ob lub lis piam txij li lub sijhawm rov zoo rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob ua pa hnyav.
txoj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM
Anatoxin ADSM zoo li lub ntsej muag dawb, nws sib cais thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia rau hauv cov kua ntshiab thiab cov pob txha. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej qhib, lub toxoid ampoule yuav tsum tau shaken ceev kom txog thaum lub ncua kev kawm ntawv yog kiag li homogenized.
Ntau zaus, kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim hauv net txog qhov twg cov neeg laus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM. Hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb, qee zaum cov lus ceeb toom ntawm kev ntxhov siab tau hnov tias vim li cas ib tus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab lub xub pwg hniav, thiab lwm qhov - hauv pob tw.
Anatoxin ADSM tuaj yeem muab tshuaj intramuscularly thiab nyob rau sab sauv-tawm gluteal quadrant, thiab nyob rau hauv anterior-sab sab ntawm nruab nrab peb ntawm tus ncej puab, thiab hauv qab lub xub pwg hniav. Ib koob tshuaj toxoid - 0.5 ml.
Muab qhov muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hyperallergic ntawm hom tam sim ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug saib xyuas hauv chaw ua haujlwm li ib nrab teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Cov chav txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev poob siab.
Cov lus qhia txhaj tshuaj
Cov cai hauv qab no tau ua raws li nruj me ntsis thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj.
Kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov koob txhaj tshuaj tsis huv. Tsis pub sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv. Txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsis yog BCG tuaj yeem muab tshuaj rau tib lub sijhawm li ADSM, tab sis txhua tus tau txhaj tshuaj sib txawv rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.
Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas lub ampoule kom paub tseeb tias nws tsim nyog. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ampoules nrog pom cov cim ntawm kev puas tsuaj, tshem tawm daim ntawv lo, nrog rau kev hloov pauv hauv nws cov ntsiab lus tsis haum rau kev siv. Nco ntsoov xyuas hnub tas sij hawm ntawm cov tshuaj, ua raws li kev cia khoom.
Cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj yog ua raws li cov cai ntawm asepsis thiab antisepsis. Lub ampoule qhib yog siv tag nrho thiab tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus lej xov tooj, hnub tsim khoom thiab hnub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nkag rau hauv phau ntawv sau npe nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm tus neeg txhaj tshuaj.
Side effects
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM nyuaj npaum li cas rau cov neeg laus? Kev tshuaj xyuas hauv lub network txog qhov tsis xis nyob tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tsis meej meej. Qee tus tsis hnov tsw, ib tug neeg muaj qhov ntswg qhov ntswg, thiab ib tug neeg muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis xis nyob, ib tug neeg reddened thiab ua mob rau qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem tsa tes vim qhov mob. Thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrhorooj plaub, qhov ua rau yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM. Kev mob tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus (hu ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob) los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ADSM yog qhov qub. Lawv tsis qhia txog qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis kev loj hlob ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tib neeg. Tom qab ib ntus, cov kev mob tshwm sim ploj mus yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tom qab tag nrho, ib qho ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws reactogenic ntawm kev npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li qhov tshwm sim dav dav thiab hauv zos. Lawv, nyob ntawm tus kheej lub xeev ntawm tib neeg lub cev, yog lub teeb thiab hnyav.
Hauv thawj 48 teev, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, nrog rau qhov mob, liab liab, o ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Tej zaum yuav muaj lub foob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub pob, tab sis qhov no tsis txaus ntshai. Nws yuav daws tau nws tus kheej tsis pub dhau ob peb lub lis piam. Koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov chaw no tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sov, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau suppuration. Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, kev tsis haum tshuaj hnyav tshwm sim.
Rau koj cov ntaub ntawv, tsis muaj qhov mob me lossis hnyav rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug suav hais tias yog kab mob, vim tias lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev noj qab haus huv ntev. Tau kawg, lawv tsis xis nyob, tab sis lawv dhau mus yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tom qab.
Cov teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv ADSM
Kev txhaj tshuaj ADSM rau cov neeg laus tsis tshua muaj teeb meem, txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev txheeb cais, lawv tshwm sim hauv ob kis rau txhua 100 txhiab tus neeg txhaj tshuaj. Cov teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM suav nrog:
1. Kev tsis haum tshuaj hnyav xws liTom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv anaphylactic poob siab thiab angioedema, nrog rau daim ntawv dav dav ntawm urticaria.
2. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob encephalitis.
3. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis.
Cawv cawv thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM
Cawv tsis sib haum nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM. Cov neeg laus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cawv tsawg kawg ob hnub ua ntej hnub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM.
Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev ua neej nyob tsis muaj zog yuav tsum tau tswj hwm peb hnub ntxiv. Tsuas yog tom qab qhov no yog qee qhov kev tso cai so, nws puas tso cai rau haus dej cawv tsis muaj zog hauv cov koob tshuaj tsawg. Tom qab ib lub lim tiam txij li hnub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws raug tso cai rov haus cawv li qub.
Yog tias koj tau haus cawv tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim, tab sis qhov mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev haus dej cawv, qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, o thiab mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus dej haus cawv rau ib lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj.
Cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM. Tetanus thiab diphtheria yog qhov txaus ntshai, lawv tuaj yeem xaus rau hauv kev tuag. Tetanus tsis kho tau txawm tias nyob rau niaj hnub no. Diphtheria yog kho tau, tab sis ua rau muaj teeb meem txaus ntshai. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ADSM yog non-reactogenic, zoo zam, thiab yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv rau 10 xyoo tom ntej.
Ua ntej lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib nrab ntawm cov kab mob diphtheria tuag, nrog tus kab mob tetanus, 85% ntawm cov neeg mob tuag. Ntau lub tebchaws, xws li Tebchaws Meskas, muajkev sim tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hnoos hawb pob, tetanus thiab diphtheria. Nws tau xaus rau hauv kev sib kis, thiab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau rov pib dua raws li lub xeev txoj haujlwm.
