Ntshav yog cov kua dej tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv ntawm lub cev, thiab yog li nws muaj ntau yam haujlwm: ua pa, noj zaub mov, thauj thiab ntau lwm yam. Yuav kom ua tiav lawv, nws muaj cov qauv zoo kawg nkaus.
Thiab cov no tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov ntsiab lus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau cov khoom nqa khoom (albumin, haptoglobin, transferrin), coagulation factor (FI-FXIII), nrog rau cov tshuab ntxiv, lub cev tsis muaj zog, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau kom tag nrho nws cov khoom sib cuam tshuam tsis cuam tshuam rau ib leeg, thiab tseem tswj hwm lawv txoj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua haujlwm, cov ntaub so ntswg no muaj ntau yam uas ua rau nws nyob hauv lub xeev ua kua. Yog li, txhawm rau txhawm rau lub siab tsis tu ncua, yuav tsum muaj cov protein ntau nruj, txhawm rau tswj cov kua qaub-puag sib npaug - cov kab mob tsis zoo ntawm cov ntshav, osmotic zog - cov khoom siv electrolyte ntawm ntau yam ions - sodium, potassium, chlorine, magnesium thiab calcium. Qhov piv ntawm coagulation thiab anticoagulation systems kuj tseem ceeb heev, rau qhov no, coagulation yam tseem ceeb tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub inactive theem. Kub kub cuam tshuamLub xeev ntawm cov proteins, thiab ib nrab siab ntawm cov pa roj (oxygen thiab carbon dioxide) qhia txog qib ntawm kev ua pa ua pa.
Composition
Buffer systems ntawm cov ntshav plasma yog cov tiv thaiv tseem ceeb rau kev tswj pH, vim nws nyob ntawm nws cov cim tshwj xeeb uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Txhawm rau pab lawv, carbon dioxide raug tso tawm los ntawm lub ntsws thiab cov metabolites los ntawm lub raum.
Tab sis nws yog cov kab mob ntawm cov ntshav uas yog hu ua. thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam qhov hloov me ntsis hauv lwm qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua. Lawv muaj ob qhov sib npaug - tus neeg pub dawb thiab tus txais ntawm cov protons, vim qhov sib piv ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas lawv tuaj yeem ua rau alkalinize thiab oxidize ib puag ncig. Tib neeg lub cev tsuas muaj 4 cov ntshav tsis txaus: bicarbonate (Na / KHCO3 txais + H2CO3 tus pub), phosphate (H2PO4 pub + txais hauv daim ntawv ntawm nws cov sodium lossis potassium ntsev), hemoglobin (tus pub - hemoglobin nws tus kheej / nws cov pa- Daim ntawv khi, thiab txais - nws cov khoom sib txuas yog hemoglobinate / oxyhemoglobinate). Thiab plasma proteins kuj muaj cov khoom sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov hauv paus thiab cov kua qaub. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, lub buffering systems ntawm cov ntshav tswj cov pH nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm 7.35 (nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha) thiab 7.40 (nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha).
PH nqi
Hauv txhua tus kab mob, muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv lub cev, tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav los ntawm kev txhim kho alkalosis (qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig alkaline) lossis acidosis (acidic). Nws cuam tshuam rau cov duabcov ntsiab lus, destabilizing lawv cell membranes thiab proteins, cuam tshuam lawv cov qauv. Yog li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm nres thiab cov kab mob pib: nce ntshav txhaws, ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau nws tus kheej lub hlwb, thiab, tshwj xeeb, muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb (ua rau encephalopathy). Qhov no ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov teeb meem thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, thiab dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm tus neeg mob lub siab tsis nco qab txog kev loj hlob ntawm coma.
