Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum

Cov txheej txheem:

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum

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Compression fracture ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog ib qho kev raug mob nrog rau compression ntawm lub vertebrae vim los ntawm sab nraud quab yuam ntawm compression thiab flexion. Cov pob txha pob txha tawg thiab yog me ntsis compressed, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub anterior seem, thaum lub vertebrae kis tau ib tug wedge-zoo li tus.

Yog tias ib tug neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm osteoporosis, ces cov pob txha ceev yuav txo qis, thiab compression tuaj yeem tshwm sim txawm tias muaj kev ntxhov siab tsawg. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov tawg tsis yog ib txwm kuaj pom raws sijhawm, uas yog vim li cas ntau yam kev phom sij tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Ntxhais raug mob

Thaum lub sijhawm raug mob, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tshwm sim, uas yog: cov leeg ntawm cov xovxwm thiab flexors ntawm lub hauv siab cog lus. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj me ntsis qaij ntawm lub caj dab sab sauv rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov no tso siab rau ntawm vertebrae.

Compression tawg ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum
Compression tawg ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab lossis paj hlwbkev puas tsuaj. Qhov kev raug mob no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub lumbar sab sauv thiab sab thoracic.

Kev faib tawm thiab qib

Muaj 3 degrees ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum:

  1. Nyob rau qib 1, muaj qhov txo qis ntawm cov vertebra tsawg dua 50%.
  2. Nrog 2nd - los ntawm 50%.
  3. Ntawm qib 3, lub vertebra yog compressed los ntawm 51% lossis ntau dua.

Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, qhov kev raug mob zoo li no tuaj yeem nyuaj thiab tsis nyuaj. Thawj hom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj ntau yam kev mob hlwb.

Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog pob txha tawg, vim muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov paj hlwb los ntawm cov pob txha tawg. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no yuav siv sij hawm qee lub sijhawm los tshwm sim.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub thoracic cheeb tsam (nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm compression puas ntawm tus txha nraub qaum raws li ICD-10 code S22), xws li kev raug mob yuav tsis pib thab tus neeg raug tsim txom, ua rau me ntsis inconvenience. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mus ntsib kws kho mob tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem yog osteochondrosis lossis sciatica.

Los ntawm qhov tsos, cov kev raug mob no tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:

  • wedge;
  • fragmentation;
  • compression-tear-off.

hom kab txaij yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub cev vertebral yog flattened ntawm ib sab. Nws qhov dav yog coj mus rau qhov nruab nrab, thiab nws qhov nqaim ntawm lub sternum.

Cov pob txha-avulsion yog nrog los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm lub vertebra. Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nws ntawm x-ray.

Shrapnel hom kev raug mob yog yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub vertebra yog compressed thiab me ntsisnthuav, faib ua ob peb ntu.

Kev tshwm sim

Ntau zaus, kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev dhia los ntawm qhov siab tseem ceeb nrog tsaws ntawm ob txhais ceg ncaj lossis ntawm lub pob tw. Xws li kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev sib tsoo tsheb. Lwm yam laj thawj suav nrog:

  • tshwm sim ntawm osteoporosis;
  • metastases;
  • txhua yam kab mob nrog rau qhov nce hauv pob txha fragility;
  • kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic.

Nyob rau hauv cov poj niam laus, qhov kev raug mob no feem ntau pom, uas tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj hormonal hloov pauv.

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb

Muaj cov cim qhia ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum:

  • mob siab rau qhov sib txawv;
  • kev qaug zog thiab kiv taub hau;
  • mob nraub qaum thaum tsiv.

Nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, lub ntsiab ua rau raug mob yog ib tug yam ntxwv feature. Ib tug compression pob txha ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum yog nrog los ntawm kev ua pa nyuaj, mus txog rau nws tiav nres. Qee zaum, qhov mob yuav kis mus rau lub plab lossis lwm qhov chaw. Kev hnov mob txo qis hauv txoj hauj lwm kab rov tav, thiab ua kom hnyav thaum sim txav los yog nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm sawv. Muaj qhov nro hauv cov leeg nraub qaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj tsam cuam tshuam.

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb

Thaum lub pob txha tawg ntawm lub lumbar qaum yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso zis tsis txaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem yws yws ntawm xeev siab, ntuav, mob taub hau, kiv taub hau. Nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj, kev hnov lus thiab lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem ua tau.

Yog tias pob txha tsis yog los ntawm kev raug mob, tab sis los ntawm pob txha pob txha, ces qhov mob nce zuj zus. Thaum xub thawj, tus neeg mob tsis xyuam xim rau qhov tsis xis nyob thiab tig mus rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb nkaus xwb nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob neurological.

Diagnostics

Nruam mob nraub qaum yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm pob txha pob txha. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev kuaj mob, uas suav nrog:

  • x-ray;
  • tomography;
  • myelography;
  • densitometry.
Kev kuaj mob
Kev kuaj mob

Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas thiab txiav txim siab qhov hnyav uas txiav txim siab seb yuav kho li cas thiab yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas kom rov zoo.

Txoj kev kho mob

Thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm kev sib tsoo pob txha tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tam sim ntawd. Ua ntej tus kws kho mob tuaj txog, tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tiaj tiaj thiab tawv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv txoj kev improvised. Yog tias koj xav tias muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub vertebrae ntawm thaj chaw ncauj tsev menyuam, koj yuav tsum sim kho qhov chaw no kom ntau li ntau tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tawg ntawm lub lumbar los yog thoracic vertebrae, koj yuav tsum tau muab ib tug menyuam nyob rau hauv lub puas cheeb tsam.

Kev ntsuas kev kho mob yuav tsum raug coj mus rau:

  • tshem tawm qhov mob;
  • txwv kev ua lub cev;
  • kho qhov chaw puas.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov mob, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb, xws li Nimesulide, Aceclofenac, Ketoprofen. Nyob rau theem rov zoo, nws raug pom zoo kom txuas ntxiv cov tshuaj uas pab ua kom rov qab tau cov ntaub so ntswg, xws li calcium ntxiv thiab Chondroitin.

Daim ntawv thov corset
Daim ntawv thov corset

Kev ua ub ua no ntawm tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum txo qis, kev nqa hnyav yuav tsum raug cais tawm, nrog rau ntev zaum thiab sawv. Rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo, lub txaj pw ntev yog pom zoo vim tias muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev.

Ntxiv rau, tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom hnav lub corset rau kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, vim nws tso cai rau koj tshem tawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam thiab pab tsim cov kev mob zoo rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub tuam tsev cuam tshuam.

Lub sijhawm nruab nrab tag nrho rov qab yog kwv yees li 3-4 lub hlis. X-ray tswj yuav tsum tau ua txhua hli. Physiotherapy yog muab tom qab 1.5-2 lub hlis txij li pib kho. Rov qab los ntawm qhov raug mob tshwm sim tom qab 6 lub hlis.

Kev kho mob pob txha hauv menyuam yaus

Kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum hauv tus menyuam mos muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, lawv qhov txhab yog nyob hauv thaj tsam nruab nrab ntawm thoracic. Yeej, ob peb lub vertebrae uas nyob ib sab tau raug mob ib txhij, thiabtej zaum kuj muaj 1-2 lub vertebrae nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub vertebrae lawm.

Compression tawg nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
Compression tawg nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Kev kuaj mob hauv qhov no yog qhov nyuaj heev, yog vim li cas cov neeg mob hluas feem ntau tsis tau mus kuaj qhov xav tau rau hnub raug mob. Cov menyuam yaus muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ob daim hlau pob txha. Hauv qhov no, lawv txoj kev kho mob muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Cov no suav nrog:

  • daim ntawv thov ntawm ib-theem reposition;
  • txo qis;
  • functional technique.

Tom qab ib ntus, tus menyuam raug xaiv los hnav lub plaster corset. Nrog rau compression tawg ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm muaj nyob rau hauv unloading traction ntawm tom kawg. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau tom qab deformation ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Thiab raws li cov txheej txheem ntxiv, kev kho gymnastics tau sau tseg, uas pab txhawb cov leeg nqaij thiab pab tsim cov leeg nqaij corset.

Kev ua haujlwm

Kev kho mob ntawm cov pob txha pob txha ntawm lub lumbar qaum yog tsuas yog ua los ntawm kev phais mob kom rov zoo li qub qhov siab ntawm vertebrae. Rau qhov no, kyphoplasty thiab vertebroplasty yog siv. Thaum lub sij hawm kyphoplasty, tus kws kho mob kho cov duab thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub vertebra, kho nws nrog cement.

Vertebroplasty yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov pob txha tshwj xeeb yog txhaj rau hauv lub cev vertebral. Yog li ntawd, nws cov duab yog rov qab los. Tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug minimally invasive txoj kev - los ntawm me me incisions, nrog kev pab los ntawmendoscope.

Thaum muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum, kev kho mob yog ua los ntawm kev qhib kev ua haujlwm. Tus kws kho mob neurosurgeon ua rau decompression, uas yog, tshem tawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub vertebra uas ua rau lub siab ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm lub hlwb. Tom qab ntawd, thaj chaw cuam tshuam raug kho los ntawm kev siv cov qauv hlau tshwj xeeb.

Lwm Txoj Kev Kho Mob

Kev kho mob ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nqaj qaum yog muab faib ua tus neeg mob hauv tsev kho mob, yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab tus neeg mob sab nraud. Ntxiv nrog rau traction, massage, physiotherapy thiab ce kho mob kuj tseem siv.

Vim qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm lub txaj so ntawm cov pob txha, kev ua kom ntxov ntawm cov neeg mob raug pom zoo. Cov txheej txheem physiotherapy suav nrog:

  • electrophoresis;
  • electrostimulation;
  • magnetic therapy;
  • daim ntawv thov paraffin.

Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg nqaij nrog kev pab ntawm zaws. Ua tsaug rau nws qhov kev siv tsis tu ncua, koj tuaj yeem normalize ntshav ncig thiab metabolism. Kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau muab rau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob, uas yog qhov tseeb tias ib tus neeg yuav nyob tsis taus mus rau lub neej.

Thaum kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb. Kev noj haus yuav tsum muaj cov khoom noj uas muaj magnesium thiab calcium. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tsis txhob haus cawv, tshuaj yej muaj zog thiab kas fes, nrog rau cov khoom noj rog.

Ua kev tawm dag zog kho mob
Ua kev tawm dag zog kho mob

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tawm dag zog kev kho mob rau kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum yog kom normalizepsycho-kev xav lub xeev ntawm tus neeg mob thiab nce nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm lub cev. Cov kev tawm dag zog tau raug sau tseg tom qab lub sijhawm mob hnyav. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas nruj ntawm ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom tsis txhob ua rau exacerbation. Therapeutic ce muaj xws li ua pa ce, uas yog ua ke nrog rau theem pib ce.

Rehabilitation

Tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, kev kho kom rov zoo yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau rov qab ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam. Thaum ua cov kev ntsuas kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua physiotherapy ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis. Rau qhov no, paraffin thiab electrophoresis feem ntau siv, thiab qee zaum, kev kho hluav taws xob. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab cov txheej txheem zoo li no nrog kev zaws.

Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation

Kev pw tsaug zog, koj yuav tsum siv lub txaj orthopedic nkaus xwb, thiab hauv qab caj dab, raws li kws kho mob tau sau tseg, muab cov menyuam tawv tawv.

Dab tsi yog kev raug mob txaus ntshai

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev. Lawv yog:

  • tshwm sim tom qab mob osteochondrosis nrog hernia thiab protrusion;
  • kev txhim kho ntawm kyphoscoliosis;
  • kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm ntu cuam tshuam;
  • kev txhim kho ntawm tus tuag tes tuag taw.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim tam sim lossis maj mam mus. Cov pob txha tawg ua rau qhov nqaim ntawm tus txha caj qaum, qhov chaw uas tus txha caj qaum nyob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev qaug zog ntawm cov ceg ceg, kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus thiab cov leeg tsis muaj zog tau pom.

Kev tsis ruaj khovqaum teb

Ntawm qhov tsis txaus siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam. Qhov no ua rau qhov tseeb tias ib tug neeg feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txawm tias yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov tshwm sim thiab qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm qhov mob, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntu puas. Feem ntau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tus txha caj qaum thiab nws cov hauv paus hniav.

YKyphotic deformity

Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev ua txhaum cai uas tau piav qhia tshwm sim hauv cheeb tsam thoracic yog kyphotic deformity. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus, tab sis qee zaus nws kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov neeg mob hluas.

Nrog kyphosis hnyav, ntxiv rau kev ua txhaum ntawm lub cev, tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov kev txwv ntawm kev txav ntawm tus txha nraub qaum. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab cov hlab ntsws, thiab qee zaum yuav muaj cov kab mob neurological. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm tus txha nraub qaum tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dhau ntawm nws tus kheej qhov chaw, uas ua rau cov leeg nqaij spasm thiab tsim cov mob ntev.

Teeb meem ntawm qhov sib txawv

Ntxiv rau cov teeb meem saum toj no, vim kev dag dag nyob rau hauv txoj kev kho mob ntev, tus neeg mob muaj cov txheej txheem tsis zoo hauv lub ntsws thiab cov hnyuv. Cov no muaj xws li ib tug nyiam mus tsim gas, indigestion thiab cem quav. Cov phlegm tuaj yeem sau rau hauv lub ntsws, uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm bronchitis thiab mob ntsws.

Ib qhov phem tshaj plaws ntawm lub npeKev puas tsuaj yog kev sib tsoo lossis tawg ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Kev raug mob ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha. Yog hais tias compression tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm ntev, ces cov kab mob neurological yog vim los ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov zaub mov tsis zoo ntawm tus txha caj qaum.

Ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub paj hlwb, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau hais txog:

  • xwb;
  • xav txias;
  • mob tom qab qoj ib ce.

Thaum tsoo cov hlab ntsha xaus, uas tshwm sim nrog kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, irreversible tuag tes tuag taw tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev raug mob nyuaj, paresis tuaj yeem ua tau, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshem tawm thiab tso zis. Tsis tas li ntawd, bedsores, osteochondrosis, thiab intervertebral hernia tej zaum yuav tshwm sim.

Qhov kev raug mob qaum qaum ntau dua tshwm sim, qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua rau tus neeg mob lub neej, thiab qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau dua. Yog tias qhov kev raug mob hnyav heev, ces tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav muaj los ntshav thiab tawm ntawm cov kua cerebrospinal. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, kev kis kab mob thiab suppuration yog yooj yim inevitable.

Tom qab raug mob, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cyst lossis fistula.

Pom zoo: