Prussic acid nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no tsis yog tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tab sis kuj yog ib yam khoom ntawm tib neeg kev puas tsuaj. Koj yuav tsum paub cov tsos mob ntawm hydrocyanic acid lom thiab pab thawj zaug kom muaj sijhawm los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim loj tshaj plaws rau lub cev.
Prussic acid
Prussic acid yog cov tshuaj lom txaus ntshai uas ua sai sai rau txhua lub cev. Nws tau paub txij li lub sijhawm keeb kwm, thaum nws tau siv rau kev tua neeg, kev ua tub rog thiab tua tus kheej. Tam sim no, kev lom neeg feem ntau tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim hauv tsev vim kev tsis paub lossis kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo uas muaj cov tshuaj lom no.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj lom tau
Prussic acid muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej. Lub hauv paus yog iab almond kernels thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo pits. Peach pits muaj txog li 3% ntawm cov khoom no, me ntsis tsawg hauv apricots thiab plums. Derivativeacid yog ib feem ntawm cov noob ntawm cherries, qab zib cherries thiab txiv apples. Hydrocyanic acid yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub plab thaum lub sij hawm decomposition ntawm amygdalin, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov noob thiab almonds. Yog li ntawd, kev lom neeg tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog qhov loj (30 daim) noj iab almonds, txiv duaj lossis apricot, plum thiab cherry jam nrog pob zeb, nrog rau cov kua jam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau lom muaj tshwm sim thaum haus cawv nrog cov berries thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog pob zeb. Qhov qis dua lub cev hnyav, qhov tsawg dua amygdalin xav tau rau kev lom, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus ntawm qhov ntau npaum li 1 mg rau 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav. iab almonds tsis noj, tab sis tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tab sis txawm tias qab zib almonds muaj me me ntawm hydrocyanic acid.
Muaj cov khoom tsim los ntawm hydrocyanic acid (cyanides). Lawv tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm kev sib ntaus nas thiab nas, yog li koj tuaj yeem raug tshuaj lom los ntawm kev nyob hauv chav uas deratization tshwm sim ntev, thiab yog tias cov tshuaj lom nas nkag mus rau hauv zaub mov.
Cov tshuaj lom (cyanides) tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab, yog li koj yuav tsum tau kho koj lub vaj vaj hauv lub tshuab ua pa tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob nqus cov pa phem.
Nyob rau hauv metallurgical ntau lawm, yas nroj tsuag thiab roj hmab factories, hydrogen cyanide yog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem technologies. Cov pa luam yeeb kuj muaj ntau yam teeb meem.
Cov tsos mob ntawm hydrocyanic acid lom
Lub tshuab ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg cov kua qaub yog txuam nrog nws lub peev xwm los ua ke nrog oxygen hauv cov ntshav. Noj tag nrho cov pa oxygen, cov tshuaj lom neeg thaiv nws nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Muaj ib lub xeev ntawm mob tsis muaj oxygen - hypoxia. Lub paj hlwb yog thawj zaug ua rau cov khoom noj tsis txaus, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb (mob taub hau, lethargy, tsaug zog, fainting). Tom qab lub paj hlwb, lwm yam kabmob raug cuam tshuam. Qhov no ua rau ntau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm.
Nyob ntawm cov khoom uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, ib tus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv me me, nruab nrab thiab qib hnyav ntawm kev lom.
tshuaj lom me me
Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, cov tsos mob ntawm hydrocyanic acid lom nyob rau hauv ib tug me me degree yuav xam tau tias: kev qaug zog, ceev cov leeg nqaij nkees, ib tug tsis kaj siab saj nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, tsis muaj los yog txo nyob rau hauv qab los noj mov, hais salivation, xeev siab, aggravated rau ntuav, kiv taub hau thiab mob taub hau, ua tsis taus pa tsis muaj zog.
Hauv qhov no, tus neeg yuav tsis nkag siab tias nws raug tshuaj lom dab tsi. Tag nrho cov tsos mob tsis zoo ploj tom qab tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm lub cev tag nrho (txog peb hnub).
tshuaj lom nruab nrab
Cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob hnyav hydrocyanic acid suav nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub paj hlwb, nrog rau kev ntxhov siab, ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab.
daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias tig liab,lub plawv pib ntaus tsawg zaus, thiab lub siab, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nce, uas yog txuam nrog tsis muaj oxygen. Ua tsis taus pa nce, ua pa yuav ntiav.
Nyob rau theem nrab ntawm kev lom, koj tuaj yeem hnov tus yam ntxwv iab tsw ntawm almonds los ntawm tus neeg mob.
Lub hlwb ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab tsis meej pem. Tej zaum kuj yuav muaj kev npaj txhij.
Cov tsos mob tau piav qhia, txawm tias kho raws sijhawm, tsis txhob ploj mus sai, yog li tus neeg mob yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob tsawg kawg rau hnub.
mob hnyav heev
Cov tsos mob hnyav ntawm hydrocyanic acid lom yuav tsum tau kho tam sim. Tej ncua hem tus neeg mob tuag. Nyob rau theem no, kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev tshwm sim hauv ntau theem.
Thaum thawj theem, muaj qhov hnyav zuj zus ntawm cov tsos mob uas tau pom nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev lom.
Nyob rau theem thib ob, muaj qhov ua tsis taus pa nce ntxiv, vim lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tsis muaj oxygen txaus. Cov tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias tau ib tug reddish tint. Mob hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub plawv pib, lub plawv dhia ceev, arrhythmia yuav tshwm sim. Muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb: cov menyuam kawm ntawv dilate, agitation thiab disorientation nce. Ib tug tsis hnov tsw ntawm almonds emanates los ntawm tus neeg mob. Nws nyuaj heev rau nws ua pa ntawm nws tus kheej. Ua tsis taus pa luv, tsis txo qhov mob, tshwm sim ntau zaus thiab sib cuam tshuam.
theem thib peb yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm convulsions, ob qho tib si clonic thiab tonic. Ib tug neeg txawm tuaj yeem tomlus. Qhov no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsis nco qab, ua rau ua tsis taus pa luv, poob ntawm pulse thiab nce ntshav siab. Cov nqaij ntshiv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv thiab tsim mus txog ob peb teev.
Lub xeev ntawm theem plaub ua rau ua pa tsis ua pa, poob ntshav siab thiab ua rau lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Clinical death ensues.
Teeb meem thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug tshuaj lom
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm hydrocyanic acid lom nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj lom neeg twg tau txais, thiab nyob rau theem twg tau muab kev pab.
Vim tias kev tshaib kev nqhis oxygen feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb, cov teeb meem hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub paj hlwb tuaj yeem hloov tsis tau. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum ceev faj txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib hom 2, kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov hauv cerebellum, encephalopathy ntawm toxic keeb kwm, nqaij paresis thiab tuag tes tuag taw, kev nyuaj siab thiab neurotic mob.
Kev cuam tshuam rau lub plawv ntawm hydrocyanic acid tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom cardiomyopathy. Ntawm cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim sai heev, qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob ntsws, mob plawv tsis ua hauj lwm thiab lub raum puas yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg. Txhawm rau zam tag nrho cov teebmeem no, kev kho mob yuav tsum pib sai li sai tau.
Diagnosis
Kev txiav txim siab cov tsos mob ntawm hydrocyanic acid lom yuav tsum tshwm sim sai li sai tau. Cov neeg caij tsheb thauj neeg mob lossis lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm kho mob uas thawj zaug ntsib tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum txiav txim siab sai sai txog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua txhaum cai uas tau piav qhia saum toj no. Ntawmcov neeg nyob ze lossis cov neeg txheeb ze yuav tsum qhia meej qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv cov khoom uas muaj amygdalin. Tshawb nrhiav seb nas puas raug tshuaj lom hauv tsev, yog tias tsev neeg lub phiaj xwm raug kho nrog cov tshuaj phem, hauv kev lag luam tus neeg mob ua haujlwm.
Thaum tus neeg mob xa mus rau hauv tsev kho mob, kuaj ntshav thiab zis, electrocardiography thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb tau ua raws li qhia.
Pab nrog hydrocyanic acid lom
leej twg thawj zaug pom ib tus neeg raug tshuaj lom los ntawm hydrocyanic acid yuav tsum hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tam sim ntawd. Raws li txoj cai, tsis tas yuav nkim sij hawm los ntawm qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum tau muab cov dej qab zib rau haus (peb tablespoons ib nrab liter dej), muab activated charcoal (ob ntsiav tshuaj ib 10 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav). Nws yuav pab kom sawv los ntawm nqus cov vapors ntawm ammonia rau peb mus rau plaub vib nas this. Thaum muaj tshuaj lom tau tshwm sim vim qhov ua txhaum ntawm cov pa phem, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau huab cua huv.
Yog tus neeg tsis nco qab, nrog lub plawv dhia thiab ua pa nyuaj rau taug qab, pib CPR nrog lub hauv siab compressions thiab CPR hauv qhov sib piv tsib-rau-ib.
Thaum tuaj txog, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsheb thauj neeg mob yuav muab tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb rau hydrocyanic acid lom. Cov tshuaj no yog sodium thiosulfate (txog li 50 ml ntawm 30% tshuaj), uas, thaum tso tawm rau hauv cov ntshav, rhuav tshem cov kab mob pathological. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lom heev, nws muaj peev xwm rov muab cov tshuaj ntawm ib tug tsawg koob tshuaj. Decomposition khoom ntawm hydrocyanicacids tom qab neutralization nrog sodium thiosulfate yuav tawm hauv cov zis.
kev kho mob ntxiv
Tom qab muab kev pab thawj zaug thiab qhia tshuaj tua kab mob, tus neeg mob raug coj mus rau hauv tsev kho mob kom kuaj thiab kho ntxiv ntawm hydrocyanic acid lom.
Nrog tus neeg mob me me, lawv tuaj yeem mus tsev sai sai, kuaj qhov tsim nyog thiab xyuas kom tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nws txoj sia.
Thaum muaj kev lom nruab nrab thiab hnyav, cov neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm kws kho mob. Hauv cov xwm txheej ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej, kev kho mob tseem nyob hauv kev saib xyuas hnyav. Ua kev kho infusion nrog saline daws thiab qabzib kom nrawm tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm lub cev. Qhia txog kev kho cov pa oxygen, nyiaj pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thiab lub ntsws, cov tshuaj uas kho lub hlwb.
Tom qab tso tawm hauv tsev kho mob, kev kho mob rov qab los ntawm tus neeg mob sab nraud, kev soj ntsuam los ntawm ntau tus kws kho mob nqaim, kev ntsuas kev kho mob tau ua los txhawm rau txhawm rau kho kev noj qab haus huv.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tsos mob ntawm hydrocyanic acid lom, yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- txiv duaj, plums, apricots, cherries, qab zib cherries thiab txiv apples yuav tsum tau pitted thaum ua tsev jams thiab wines.
- Tsis txhob noj almonds iab thiab xyuas kom menyuam tsis txhob noj ntau dhau, txawm tias qab zib almonds.
- Khaws zaub mov thiab tawv nqaij kom deb ntawm cov tshuaj lom uas siv raukev tua nas thiab nas.
- Kho cov nroj tsuag nrog tshuaj siv cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej.
- Siv cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv tsim nyog hauv kev tsim khoom phom sij.
- Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb thiab sim tsis txhob nyob hauv chav haus luam yeeb ntev.
