Fracture ntawm tus hniav yog ib qho teeb meem uas muaj coob tus neeg tuaj mus rau kws kho hniav. Nws txhais tau hais tias kev raug mob uas qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov molar tshwm sim. Raws li txoj cai, cov hniav tawg (ICD S02.5) tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg koom nrog kev ua kis las hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg zoo tib yam kuj tuaj yeem ntsib qhov kev raug mob zoo li no los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, piv txwv li, thaum sib ntaus sib tua, lub caij nplooj zeeg, los yog vim muaj zog tom thaum noj, thaum muaj zog siab siv rau cov molar nrog hlau cutlery.
Nta thiab Localization
Hauv kev xyaum kho hniav, cov hniav tawg yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws, vim nws feem ntau ua rau kev ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv anatomical ntawm alveoli. Nrog rau cov neeg kho tshuab muaj zog heev, qhov tawg ntawm tag nrho lub puab tsaig tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv nws qhov chaw tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws.
Zoo ntawm qhov tawg ntawm cov hniav muaj zog npaum li cas, hom kev raug mob no tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:
- split - enamel puas;
- pob txha puascov ntaub so ntswg uas tsis nthuav tawm cov tawv nqaij;
- dentine tawg nrog cov ntaub so ntswg raug;
- mob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov hauv paus hniav.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev faib tawm faib cov pob txha tawg ua ob pawg loj:
- tsis tiav;
- full.
Thaum tus molar puas lawm, cov ntaub ntawv tawg ntawm nws, kov tag nrho nws qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog longitudinal, tab sis kuj transverse, los yog txawm hla diagonally raws lub crown. Qee zaum, cov hauv paus hniav tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj ib txhij ntawm ob sab. Hauv kev kho hniav, qhov xwm txheej zoo li no yog hu ua comminuted fracture of the tooth. Feem ntau, kev ua txhaum kev ncaj ncees yog nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov molar lossis hauv nws sab sauv. Ntau zaus tsawg dua - hauv cheeb tsam nruab nrab thiab ze ntawm lub hauv paus caj dab.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb
Cia peb mus saib lawv. Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, cov hniav tawg hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv tshuab. Hauv qhov no, cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam. Nws yog feem ntau lees txais tias cov ntsug sawv daws yuav xyaum tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov molar, tab sis tsuas yog ua rau nws qhov zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tsis muaj kev kho kom raug, lawv tuaj yeem maj mam loj hlob thiab, vim li ntawd, ua rau kev puas tsuaj tag nrho ntawm cov hniav. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob ncua mus ntsib kws kho hniav.
Ntxiv rau qhov kev raug mob, cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm pob txha muaj xws li hauv qab no:
- muab kev kho mob tsis muaj kev txawj ntse;
- kev phais tshem tawm tsis zoohniav los ntawm alveolus;
- xav kom lub puab tsaig;
- ncua ntev tsis kho rau ntau yam pathologies;
- anomalies thiab congenital pathologies hauv kev loj hlob ntawm molars.
Muaj qee qhov laj thawj tom qab qhov ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hniav hniav, tab sis lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej cais thiab muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev kho mob tshwm sim
Nws nyuaj heev los txiav txim siab qhov muaj pob txha ntawm koj tus kheej, vim tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim li ntawd. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj kev xav tias muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov molar, ces koj yuav tsum mus rau tsev kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam uas tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas lub hauv paus tawg.
Cov tsos mob hauv qhov no tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no:
- mob hnyav uas tshwm sim thaum palpation ntawm cov pos hniav lossis thaum noj;
- mobility thiab maj mam loosening ntawm molar;
- o ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov hniav puas thiab los ntshav raws sij hawm;
- hloov cov xim ib txwm ntawm cov enamel, nws dhau los ua pinkish.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov mob hnyav thiab hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm pob txha, nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, txawm tias muaj mob me me, ib tus neeg pib muaj kev tsis xis nyob thaum qhib thiab kaw nws lub qhov ncauj. Qhov no yog vim kev puas tsuaj rau lub pulp thiab qhov pib ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias yog tias ib tus neeg muaj cov hniav tawg, cov tsos mob ua rau lawv tus kheej hnovtam sim ntawd, qhov teeb meem no yuav tsis mus unnoticed.
Diagnosis
Nws zoo li cas? Nrog rau qib siab ntawm qhov yuav tshwm sim, tsuas yog tus kws kho hniav tsim nyog tuaj yeem hais tias puas muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav yas los yog tsis, txij li cov kev kho mob tshwm sim thiab lawv daim ntawv tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Lawv nyob ntawm ntau yam, ntawm cov uas muaj tus kheej anatomical nta ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab tom ntawm txhua tus neeg. Yog li, yog tias, raws li cov tsos mob tau piav qhia saum toj no lossis vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj, koj xav tias pob txha, ces koj yuav tsum mus rau tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
Thaum kuaj cov neeg mob, tus kws kho mob ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov hauv qab no:
- degree ntawm cov nqaij mos raug mob;
- pob txha hnyav;
- kev ua txhaum cai;
- puas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub alveoli;
- hniav xim;
- siv zog thiab qib kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv ntawm thaj chaw raug mob.
Txoj kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb thiab zoo tshaj plaws yog palpation ua nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Nws tso cai rau tus kws kho hniav txiav txim siab hauv qab no:
- qhov muaj kev txav ntawm cov hniav lossis nws tus kheej qhov chaw thiab nws qib;
- pawg;
- molar displacement level;
- puffiness.
Yog tias palpation ntawm qhov chaw raug mob ntawm cov pos hniav tsis tso cai rau kev kuaj mob kom raug, thiab qee qhov xwm txheej, kev kuaj xyuas electro-odontometry lossis transillumination tuaj yeem raug sau tseg. Lawv cia tus kws kho mobtxiav txim siab qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov xoob fibrous connective cov ntaub so ntswg nyob hauv qab molar. Ob hom kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw soj nstuam yog ua raws li qhov pom ntawm cov hniav, ua tsaug uas nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog qhov muaj microcracks.
Ntxiv rau qhov no, x-ray ntawm lub puab tsaig yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Nov yog ib txoj kev kuaj mob kom raug tshaj plaws uas muab cov duab tiav ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
Kev kho mob
Yog tus kws kho hniav pom tias muaj pob txha ntawm cov hniav, kev kho mob pib tam sim ntawd. Txawm hais tias qhov kev raug mob hnyav npaum li cas, yog tias cov hauv paus hniav tsis puas, ces nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua tus neeg mob, cov kws kho mob tswj kom txuag tau cov hniav yam tsis tau siv cov hniav.
Kev kho mob muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- Thaum muaj pob txha, thaum lub pob txha tsis raug, tus kws kho mob muab cov khoom ntim tshwj xeeb rau tus neeg mob.
- Yog tias cov ntaub so ntswg tawv raug nthuav tawm, tom qab ntawd ua ntej ib qho ntaub qhwv insulating yog muab tso rau ntawm cov molar, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd qhov filling thiab installation ntawm tus pin yog ua.
- Yog tias lub tshuab yog lub zog loj, vim tias cov hniav sib tsoo thiab cov tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm, ces nws raug phais. Tom ntej no, cov channel raug ntxuav thiab kaw. Kev raug mob hnyav heev yuav xav tau lub kaus mom.
- Yog hais tias cov molar puas lawm thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau, ces qhov no yog ib qho prosthesis raug ntsia rau hauv nws qhov chaw.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias yog tias kev kho hniav puas cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub kaus mom, ces qhov no, kev kho yuav tsum tau ua sai li sai tau. ncua sij hawmua rau misalignment ntawm cov hniav, uas yog ib tug complex teeb meem yuav tsum tau ntev thiab kim kho.
Kev kho tsis zoo ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub incisor, uas cov hauv paus hniav puas lawm. Yuav kom tau mus rau nws, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov molar txawm tias qhov tawg me me. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov hauv paus hniav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem nruab ib tus pin rau nws. Tom qab tshem tawm, nws yuav siv sij hawm rau cov pos hniav kom zoo tag nrho, tom qab uas cov prosthesis twb muab tso rau. Qhov no kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob ncua, vim tias kev kho hniav yuav hloov.
Qee zaum, tej zaum nws yuav tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav cov hniav thaum lub puab tsaig tawg. Nws koom nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb orthopedic apparatus ntawm cov molars, sib txuas rau hauv ib qho qauv monolithic. Cov txheej txheem no khaws kev zom zaub mov thiab qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm kev luag.
Nkauj tawg tag
Nws zoo li cas? Qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav no yog cais raws li kev hloov pauv thiab muaj ntau heev hauv kev kho mob. Rau nws qhov kev kuaj mob, tsis tas yuav muaj kev ntsuam xyuas, vim nws pom txawm tias qhov muag liab qab. Txoj kev kho mob rau kev raug mob rau lub kaus mom raug xaiv raws li daim duab kho mob ntawm tus neeg mob. Yog tias tsuas yog cov enamel ntawm cov molar puas lawm, thaum cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg tseem tsis zoo, qhov txhaws yuav txaus.
Yog tias qhov kev puas tsuaj kuj cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem dentin, ces qhov no tus kws kho mob ntxuav cov kwj dej, muab cov ntaub qhwv ntaub qhwv, thiab rov qab kho dua.lub anatomical zoo ntawm molar siv niaj hnub composite cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav heev, uas cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hniav puas lawm, ib tug pin yog ntsia, uas ua raws li lub hauv paus rau lub prosthesis.
Molar neck fractures kuj muaj ntau heev. Kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem no tsis tas yuav muaj kev phais, vim tias cov hauv paus hniav tseem tsis zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev teeb tsa ntawm tus pin thiab tom qab prosthetics.
pob txha tawg
Thaum ua qhov kev kuaj mob no, qhov kev kho mob raug xaiv raws li qhov chaw hauv paus puas lawm. Localization tuaj yeem nyob hauv cheeb tsam caj dab, nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab sab sauv ntawm cov molar, lossis ntawm lub hauv paus heev. Feem ntau, qhov tawg muaj qhov hloov pauv, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis.
Qhov pob txha ntawm cov hniav hauv qab no kuj yooj yim heev los txiav txim. Nws yog nrog los ntawm qhov mob thaum lub sij hawm palpation, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm zom zaub mov los yog thaum kaw lub puab tsaig. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov molar nyhav dhau los ntawm ib sab mus rau sab. Feem ntau, kev raug mob yog nrog los ntawm rupture ntawm cov hlab ntsha, vim hais tias cov enamel tau txais ib tug pinkish tint. Cov kab nrib pleb yog pom meej hauv x-ray.
Fractures ntawm cov txheej txheem alveolar
Qhov kev raug mob no tshwm sim nrog lub puab tsaig ncaj qha thaum sib ntaus, thaum nws ntog rau ob peb lub puab tsaig tib lub sijhawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntxiv rau kev ua txhaum kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hniav, cov qhov txhab raug tsim los ntawm cov mucous membrane ntawm qhov ncauj kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw puas. Cov txheej txheem dhau los ua mobile, vim nws tsuas yog tuav los ntawm mosfabrics.
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem alveolar tshwm sim tsuas yog muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev, yog li lawv feem ntau nrog kev raug mob ntawm lub hlwb. xeev siab, migraine thiab kiv taub hau yog ntxiv rau cov tsos mob tseem ceeb. Txoj kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb yog X-ray, uas tso cai rau koj los ntsuas tus neeg mob tiag tiag. Yog tias qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov hauv paus hniav yog khaws cia, qhov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws yog xaiv. Nrog kev puas tsuaj loj, tib txoj kev tawm yog tshem tawm tag nrho cov hniav tawg.
Muaj Teeb Meem
Hauv kev kho hniav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txheeb xyuas qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hniav kom raws sijhawm thiab pib kho. Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev kom txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim ntau yam teeb meem.
Txwv tsis pub, cov txheej txheem pathological hauv qab no yuav pib hauv ib tus neeg:
- purulent o ntawm cov nqaij mos;
- phlegmon;
- periodontitis;
- pulpitis;
- root offset.
Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, yog tias cov hniav tsis tau splinted nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rau ib tug pob txha lov nrog lawv muaj zog txav, ces muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm molars ntog tawm.
Thaum tus hniav cawm tsis tau?
Feem ntau, cov kws kho hniav tswj kom txuag cov molar ua txhaum nws txoj kev ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, cov pob txha ntawm qhov siab ntawm qhov nyuaj yuav xav tau kev phais kom tshem cov hniav los ntawm alveolus. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob ncua sijhawm mus ntsib kws kho mob ntau dhau.
Kev tshem tawm yog ua raws li tshuaj loog,yog li ntawd, tus neeg mob yuav tsis muaj qhov mob lossis tsis xis nyob. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem tsis kav ntev heev, tab sis nrog cov pob txha muaj zog, thaum tsis muaj dab tsi tshuav ntawm cov molar thiab tus kws kho mob tsis muaj dab tsi los tuav, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov pos hniav yog thawj txiav nrog ib tug scalpel thiab cov seem ntawm cov hauv paus hniav raug tshem tawm, tom qab uas sutures yog thov. Thaum cov pob txha ntawm cov hniav raug kho kom zoo thiab lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm dua, lawv raug tshem tawm thiab cov khoom cog tau muab tso rau. Yog tias tsim nyog, tus kws kho hniav tuaj yeem sau cov txheej txheem physiotherapy.
Yuav ua li cas yog pob txha tawg nrog mob hnyav?
Raws li koj tuaj yeem twv, qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev mob mob yog mus rau tsev kho mob kom tau txais kev kho mob tsim nyog. Kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej tsis raug pom zoo, vim tias koj ncua sijhawm ntev dua, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntau dua. Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai tsis yog vim tias cov molar tsis tuaj yeem cawm tau lawm, tab sis ntau yam kab mob loj tuaj yeem txhim kho. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tau raug mob, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho hniav tam sim ntawd txhawm rau kuaj xyuas thiab, yog tias muaj teeb meem, pib kho raws sijhawm.
