Enzymatic immunoassay yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antigen-antibody complexes siv daim ntawv lo tshwj xeeb enzymatic, uas tau kuaj pom vim muaj kev hloov xim ntawm cov substrate. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas no yog txhawm rau txiav txim siab muaj ntau yam khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic hauv cov qauv kuaj.
txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob heterogeneous, txij li hauv nws cov txheej txheem nws yooj yim los cais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tuav ib tus neeg ntawm lawv cov theem khoom.
Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj no:
• siab rhiab heev, uas tso cai rau kom paub txawm tias ib tug me me ntawm cov molecules ntawm cov tshuaj muaj feem xyuam;
• tsawg kawg ntawm cov khoom siv xeem tuaj yeem siv rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no;
• lub peev xwm los cawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntev;
• yooj yim ntawm kev siv;
• muaj cov cuab yeej thiab pom pom;
• enzyme immunoassay yog automated ntawm txhua theem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
• qis heevtus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv uas siv rau kev kuaj mob.
Cov txiaj ntsig no ua rau nws tuaj yeem siv ELISA dav dav hauv ntau yam tshuaj, suav nrog kev kuaj kab mob.
Cov txheej txheem ntau tshaj plaws rau immobilizing cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv adsorption, thaum ib tus neeg molecules txuas mus rau theem khoom (vim yog ionic lossis hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam lossis vim yog kev tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen).
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias enzyme immunoassay yog siv ob zaug:
• txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob;
• txhawm rau txiav txim siab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov kab mob pathological (nws tsim nyog sau cia tias yuav luag txhua tus kab mob sib deev tuaj yeem kuaj pom siv ELISA).
Txhawm rau ua qhov kev kuaj mob no, siv lub phaj tshwj xeeb polystyrene. Nws muaj 96 qhov dej, ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud uas cov antigen yog adsorbed. Thaum cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txuas nrog rau cov antigen. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau tib neeg immunoglobulins tau ntxiv rau hauv qhov dej, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tshwm sim. Thaum kho tom ntej ntawm cov ntshav nrog chromogen (dye), xim ntawm substrate hloov (nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov tsim nyog antigen-antibody complexes). Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev siv xim yog ncaj qha proportional rau tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam ELISA xaus nrog kev ntsuas qhov muag pom ntawm cov kua hauv qhov dej ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Qhov twgsiv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv uas pab xam cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua qhov kev sim rau kev ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no muaj nws tus kheej qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas (qhov no feem ntau yog sau rau hauv cov txiaj ntsig tau muab tawm).
Nrog kev pab ntawm ELISA, syphilis, kab mob siab kab mob siab thiab kab mob HIV tau kuaj pom, thiab cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, herpes (ntawm ntau hom) raug kuaj pom hauv tib neeg lub cev. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tseem pab txiav txim siab qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov cim mob qog noj ntshav.
Qhov twg mus kuaj hauv Moscow? Txog niaj hnub no, muaj ntau lub chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb uas muaj ntau yam kev kuaj serological. Rau kev xa mus, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob hauv zos (lossis tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas koj ntseeg siab). Nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim, nws tseem tsim nyog mus ntsib kws kho mob. Thiab mloog nws cov lus hais txog qhov xav tau kev kho mob.
