Kev tshuaj ntsuam hematological yog qhov kev sim uas feem ntau tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob rau thawj zaug
kuaj tus neeg mob. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ua tau yooj yim tshaj plaws kom paub txog cov teeb meem hauv lub cev thiab nkag siab txog txoj hauv kev uas yuav txav mus los yog pub ntshav rau hematology. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau txhua yam, yam tsis muaj kev zam, tsev kho mob hauv nroog, tsev kho mob thiab chaw kho mob them nyiaj.
Kuv tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi?
Hematological tsom xam yog ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm nws cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, muab lub tswv yim ntawm qhov muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab oncological.
Thaum kev tshuaj xyuas, txhua lub hlwb uas tsim cov ntshav tau kawm, lawv qhov loj, qhov loj, tus lej thiab feem pua raug txiav txim siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qib hemoglobin, hematocrit thiab erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi yog ntsuas.
Kev kuaj ntshav no yog ua los ntawm tus ntsuas hematological.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem nkag siabseb qhov kev kho mob puas zoo rau tus neeg mob, seb nws puas yuav tsum tau kho, thiab yog tias muaj, qhov tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau hloov.
Cov qe ntshav tseem ceeb thiab lawv txoj haujlwm
Kev kuaj hematology qhia dab tsi?
Muaj 3 hom hlwb kawm - platelets, erythrocytes thiab leukocytes. Lawv txhua tus muaj lawv lub hom phiaj thiab ua ib qho haujlwm.
Leukocytes
Leukocytes yog cov tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav, tawm tsam kev nkag mus rau cov kab mob phem. Cov no yog cov qe ntshav dawb nrog lawv tus kheej nucleus. Cov chaw ntawm lawv cov kev tsim tawm yog cov nodes tshwj xeeb hu ua lymph nodes. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov khoom phom sij.
Yog vim li cas tus lej lossis qhov zoo ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb poob qis, cov pob txha o, tso cai rau tus kab mob kis mus rau lawv. Kev tiv thaiv poob qis thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob qeeb zuj zus.
Nquag, leukocytes yuav tsum yog 4.5-11 txhiab / µl. Qhov no suav nrog lawv ntau yam.
Neutrophils
Neutrophils, uas suav txog ntau dua 72% ntawm txhua hom leukocytes. Cov hlwb me no nyob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tib neeg lub cev, lawv qhov kev faib ua feem hauv cov ntshav yog negligible. Qhov kev npaj no yog vim qhov tseeb tias neutrophils yuav tsum yog thawj zaug nrhiav qhov chaw muaj kab mob pathogenic thiab neutralize lawv.
Cov kab mob los yog cov kab mob fungal, cov txheej txheem inflammatory, neoplasms, los ntshav, cov ntaub so ntswg puas, qee cov tshuaj pab txhawb rau lawv tus lej.tshuaj. Kev txo qis yog pom thaum tau txais tus kab mob, koob tshuaj hluav taws xob.
Eosinophils
Eosinophils tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom thiab lawv cov khoom lwj ntawm lub cev. Nws nyob ntawm lawv seb qhov mob zoo npaum li cas thiab rov tsim cov ntaub so ntswg puas, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv rau cov allergens, yuav mus.
Cov qauv hauv cov neeg laus yog los ntawm 1 txog 5% hauv cov mis leukocyte. Kev nce hauv eosinophils tau sau nrog ntau yam kev ua xua, helminthic ntxeem tau, kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, daim siab cirrhosis thiab kab mob plab hnyuv.
Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov hlwb no yog tias lawv cov kab mob sib kis tau nce zuj zus qhia qhov pib ntawm tus neeg mob rov zoo. Tus naj npawb ntawm eosinophils txo qis nrog kev qaug zog ntawm lub cev, kev ntxhov siab ntau zaus, tsis tsaug zog, lub sijhawm tom qab phais.
Basophiles
Basophils sawv cev rau pawg tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm leukocytes, lawv tsawg dua 1% ntawm tag nrho, tab sis lawv yog cov loj tshaj plaws. Ua tsaug rau cov hlwb no, ntau cov tshuaj tsis haum thiab cov tshuaj lom tsis tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub cev, piv txwv li, tom qab kab tom.
siab basophils tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm cov thyroid hormones, colitis nrog peptic rwj, tsis muaj hlau. Lawv qib poob thaum cev xeeb tub, hnub thaum ovulation tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm worms.
Cov ntsuas no kuj tau kuaj pom los ntawm hematological tsom xam.
Monocytes
Monocytes - hom ovalleukocytes nrog ib homogeneous qauv. Lawv cov qauv rau cov neeg laus yog 3-11%. Cov no yog qee yam tshuaj ntxuav tes uas tshem tawm cov hlwb qub thiab rhuav tshem cov khoom txawv teb chaws uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, nrog rau kev rhuav tshem cov kab mob antigen-antibody.
Kev nce ntawm cov monocytes tau raug sau tseg thaum lub sijhawm kis kab mob hauv daim ntawv hnyav, txo qis hauv cov ntshav ntshav ntawm ntau yam etiologies. Yog tias yuav luag tsis pom cov monocytes, ib tus tuaj yeem xav tias muaj cov kab mob nyuaj xws li leukemia lossis sepsis.
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes lub luag haujlwm tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv ntawm qib tsim nyog tuaj yeem nyob tau ntau dua 10 xyoo, nqa lub cim xeeb tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam kab mob tuaj yeem mob ib zaug hauv ib lub neej. Lawv cov ntshav muaj kwv yees li 19-37%.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm lymphocytes, cov hlwb hloov pauv uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam raug rhuav tshem. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nce ntxiv hauv lawv cov lej tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog tsim hauv cov pob txha pob txha. Ib qho kev nce me ntsis yog pom thaum kis kab mob. Qhov tsis muaj lymphocytes yog tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob kab mob los yog lymphoma.
Ntawm no yog qhov kuaj ntshav hematology qhia. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho.
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes yog cov hlwb uas tswj cov qib oxygen hauv cov ntshav thiab tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide uas tsim thaum ua pa thiab cov ntshav ncig. Nrog rau lawv cov kev pab, lub enrichment ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg nrog as-ham kuj yog guaranteed. Oxygen metabolism yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab ntawm hemoglobin, uasmuaj cov qe ntshav liab. Yog tias nws qib tsis txaus, hypoxia yuav tshwm sim.
RBCs ntsws yooj yim heev thiab tuaj yeem hloov qhov loj mus txog 3 zaug. Cov qauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntshav rau cov txiv neej thiab poj niam yog 4-5 lab / cu. mm thiab 3.7-4.7 lab/cu. mm sib. Yog tias lawv muaj ntau tshaj li ib txwm, qhov no qhia txog teeb meem nrog raum, lub cev qhuav dej, muaj cov qog neoplasms, erythremia. Kev noj tshuaj corticosteroids kuj ua rau cov qe ntshav liab.
Qhov no yooj yim txheeb xyuas qhov kuaj ntshav hematological.
Lawv qib qis dua vim muaj ntau yam mob ntshav qab zib, thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam thiab muaj kua dej ntau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.
Platelets
Platelets muab cov phab ntsa vascular thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev nrog lub sijhawm kom nyob twj ywm, ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim lawv muaj peev xwm txhaws cov hlab ntsha, los ntshav nres, ntshav coagulates.
Platelets tuaj yeem lo ua ke tsis yog ntawm lawv tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj nrog lwm cov hlwb, uas tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Tom qab gluing cov kab mob pathogenic, cov platelet raug puas ntsoog, kuj ua rau lub hauv paus muaj kev phom sij. Tib yam khoom yog siv los ntawm lub cev los tuav cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha ua ke.
Ntawm no yog ib qho kev kuaj ntshav hematology. Tus qauv yog 180-320 txhiab units / μl. Yog hais tias nws yog siab, ces qhov tshwm sim ntawm tuberculosis, leukemia, oncological txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub siab thiab ob lub raum, mob caj dab, enteritis, exacerbation ntawm kis kab mob, ntse.kev nyuaj siab, qaug zog ntawm lub cev, anemia.
Yog cov platelets tsawg, cov kab mob xws li kab mob siab, kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim siab thiab pob txha pob txha, ntau dhau thiab tsis muaj cov thyroid hormones, haus dej cawv thiab siv qee yam tshuaj mus ntev.
Kev piav qhia ntawm lwm qhov ntsuas hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam
Dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem kuaj ntshav hematological txiav txim? Lub decryption yog qhov yooj yim heev.
Tom qab kuaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qe ntshav, cov kab txuas ntxiv yog hematocrit. Qhov no yog feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov qe ntshav thiab ntshav plasma. Feem ntau, tus lej no nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 39-49%, yog tias qhov sib txawv me me tau sau tseg, qhov no tsis yog vim li cas rau kev kuaj xyuas ntau dua, vim qhov ntsuas no tsuas yog xav tau rau cov ntsiab lus dav dav xwb.
Qhov tseem ceeb nce lossis txo qis qhia tias muaj teeb meem nrog cov qe ntshav. Lub siab hematocrit feem ntau tshwm sim nrog lub sijhawm ntev tsis muaj oxygen lossis dej hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, ntau yam kab mob ntawm cov ntshav thiab ob lub raum. Tsawg hematocrit tuaj yeem yog thaum cev xeeb tub, ntshav ntshav, dej ntau dhau.
Qee cov ntaub ntawv hematological kuaj ntshav. Kev txhais lus ntawm cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus zoo sib xws, tab sis tseem muaj qee qhov sib txawv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev tshawb xyuas cov erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi - ESR. Nquag, nws yuav tsum yog 1-12 hli / teev, nyob ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog. ESR siab dhau lawm yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau oncology thiab o ntawm ntau yam keeb kwm, kab mob raum los yog hormonal imbalance tshwm sim, thiab lwm yam, los ntawm gestation thiab lactation,los ntshav. Tus nqi ntawm OE ntog feem ntau ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav txhaws thiab qhov ntom ntom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav tsis tu ncua - hemophilia.
Txiav txim siab tag nrho cov ntsuas tseem ceeb no tuaj yeem kuaj ntshav hematological. Kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.
Zoo kawg
Kev txhais tus kheej ntawm kev kuaj ntshav hematological tuaj yeem siv rau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm nkaus xwb. Txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab kev teem caij yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kws kho mob nkaus xwb, vim tias lwm yam kev sim thiab kev kuaj mob yuav tsum tau ua kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm ntau cov kab mob lossis kuaj pom lawv thaum ntxov, nws raug nquahu kom ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug rau cov neeg laus, txhua rau lub hlis rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Deciphering the hematological tsom xam yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj cov ntaub ntawv siab heev ntawm pathologies.
