Tsis ntev los no, mob qog noj ntshav tau tshwm sim ntau heev. Cov ua rau pathologies txawv. Qhov no feem ntau yog cov caj ces predisposition, cov zaub mov tsis zoo, ecology tsis zoo. Yog tias xav tias mob qog noj ntshav, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom mus ntsib tsev kho mob thiab kuaj mob.
Ib co lus qhia tseem ceeb
Yuav kuaj mob qog noj ntshav li cas? Tus kws kho mob twg yuav tsum tau sab laj? Cov no thiab ntau lwm cov lus nug raug nug los ntawm cov neeg uas xav tias oncology hauv lawv tus kheej. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum sau npe rau kev sab laj nrog tus kws tshaj lij. Tus kws kho mob uas kuaj mob thiab kho mob qog noj ntshav yog hu ua oncologist. Kuv tuaj yeem kuaj mob qog noj ntshav li cas thaum kuaj? Tus kws kho mob yuav ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas, sau ntawv mus kuaj. Yog tias tsim nyog, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom kuaj ultrasound, xam tomography, mammography thiab lwm yam kev kuaj mob, nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ntawm cov qog. Tseem ceeb heev yogcov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj sim, txij li koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov muaj mob qog noj ntshav nyob rau theem pib los ntawm kev dhau qhov kev soj ntsuam niaj hnub rau cov cim qog. Tom qab tag nrho cov xwm txheej no, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txiav txim siab txog qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav biopsy. Thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem, ib qho me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg raug coj mus kuaj histological. Txoj kev no, raws li ntau tus kws tshaj lij, yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kuaj mob. Ib qho biopsy qhia tias cov qog nqaij hlav twg muaj. Cov txheej txheem yog ua raws li tshuaj loog hauv zos, yog li nws tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab tshwj xeeb. Tom qab tag nrho cov manipulations no, nws yuav pom tseeb seb puas muaj qog nqaij hlav cancer los yog tsis.
Kuv yuav tsum kuaj ntau npaum li cas?
Cov kws tshaj lij tau ceeb toom tias thaum ntxov heev, thaum qhov loj ntawm neoplasm me me thiab nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau lub cev nrog nws cov khoom lwj, kev kuaj mob tsis raug. Yog tias qhov teeb meem tseem cuam tshuam, koj tuaj yeem rov kuaj dua. Txij li thaum koj tuaj yeem kuaj mob qog noj ntshav thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas ib txwm, nws raug nquahu kom mus ntsib kws kho mob ib xyoos ib zaug thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub caug, thiab tom qab - ob zaug hauv ib xyoos (thaum tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab). Kev tshuaj xyuas tiv thaiv yuav qhia cov kab mob ntawm cov theem uas tuaj yeem kho tau.
Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau kev kuaj mob?
Kev tshuaj xyuas raws sijhawm rau oncology tsis tuaj yeem cawm tib neeg txoj sia, tab sis tseem tiv thaiv qhov txo qis ntawm nws qhov zoo. Tias yog vim li cas cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas thiab kuaj tsis tu ncua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev kuaj mobua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ntsuas kev kho mob thaum muaj qhov xav tau. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev ua tiav tshiab tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob, kev tshawb pom ntawm pathologies tau ua tiav sai thiab raug raws li qhov ua tau. Cov neeg mob tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Kuv tuaj yeem kuaj mob qog noj ntshav nyob qhov twg?
Ntxiv rau cov chaw kho mob thiab tsev kho mob, muaj cov chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb. Yuav luag txhua lub nroog loj hauv Russia muaj cov tsev kawm zoo li no. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, piv txwv li, kev ntsuam xyuas rau oncology yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub European Clinic (NPC ntawm niaj hnub Oncology thiab phais, Tulskaya metro chaw nres tsheb), Lub nroog Oncological Tsev Kho Mob No. 62 (Tushinskaya metro chaw nres tsheb), Soyuz Multidisciplinary Clinic (Sokolniki, Elektrozavodskaya metro chaw nres tsheb).) thiab lwm qhov chaw. Cov menyuam tuaj yeem kuaj mob qog noj ntshav nyob qhov twg? Nyob rau hauv 2011, ib tug tshwj xeeb scientific oncology chaw ntawm tseem fwv tseem ceeb tau qhib nyob rau hauv Moscow. Lub tsev kho mob no suav hais tias yog qhov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Leej twg yuav tsum tau xeem?
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws raug nquahu kom mus ntsib kws kho mob oncologist rau cov neeg uas poob rau hauv "pab pawg pheej hmoo". Cov no suav nrog cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej hnub nyoog tshaj 55 xyoo, uas feem ntau haus cawv thiab haus luam yeeb, uas rog dhau. Cov neeg uas tsim txom cov khoom noj ceev, nyob hauv solarium thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub, tsis siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub, yuav tsum tau mus kuaj. Kev tshuaj xyuas kuj pom zoo rau cov neeg uas muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog. Qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug yog kev hloov pauv (genetic) predisposition. Yog ibYog tias ib tug ntawm cov txheeb ze raug kuaj mob qog noj ntshav, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab mus ntsib kws kho mob tsis tu ncua.
Kev tshawb fawb yog dab tsi?
Tus mob Precancerous yog suav tias yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm malignant neoplasm. Nws yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas raws sijhawm. Niaj hnub no, qhov no yog ntau tshaj qhov ua tau, txij li thaum koj tuaj yeem kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv ib lub tsev kho mob tsis tu ncua thiab hauv ib lub chaw tshwj xeeb. Rau kev kuaj pom tseeb dua ntawm cov kab mob pathology, cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no feem ntau siv, cov kws tshaj lij tsim nyog ua haujlwm. Kev ntsuam xyuas feem ntau yuav kav ib lossis ob hnub. Nws yog ua los ntawm tus neeg mob sab nraud raws li kev saib xyuas ze ntawm tus kws kho mob. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob, tus neeg mob tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tiav txog lub xeev ntawm nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tus kws tshaj lij tseem yuav teb tag nrho koj cov lus nug. Yog tias tsim nyog, kho tam sim ntawd, tus neeg mob tau txais cov tshuaj thiab cov lus pom zoo. Nws raug nqi npaum li cas los kuaj mob qog noj ntshav? Tus nqi rau txoj kev kawm nyob ntawm cov npe ntawm cov kev sim thiab kev ntsuas ntsuas pom zoo los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Qhov nruab nrab, kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav ntawm 1.5 txog 3 txhiab daus las.
Kuv yuav tsum xeem dab tsi rau oncology?
Cov kev kuaj mob tau zoo tam sim no tau tsim los rau yuav luag txhua hom mob qog noj ntshav. Tshwj xeeb, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xaj ib qho mammogram. Nov yog kev kawm ntawm lub mis. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuasib tug malignant neoplasm nyob rau hauv lub tsev menyuam, ib tug cytological tsom xam ntawm smear yog pom zoo. Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas cov kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv loj, cov quav yog kuaj nrog kev kuaj ntshav occult. Kev kuaj mob dav dav ntawm oncology tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau yam haujlwm. Tshwj xeeb, nws raug nquahu kom pub ntshav (kev soj ntsuam ntxaws), ua MRI, suav tomography (positron emission), colonoscopy thiab gastroscopy, biopsy. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb kuj tseem tuaj yeem xaj cov pob txha pob txha aspiration thiab kuaj laparoscopic. Ultrasound yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob oncology. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub zog ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology. Kev kuaj ntshav biopsy feem ntau ua raws li CT lossis ultrasound qhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, cytogenetic, enzyme-txuas immunosorbent assays thiab thoracoscopy (biopsy thiab pom qhov muag ntawm lub hauv siab organ) raug sau.
kuaj ntshav qhia li cas?
Nyob rau hauv oncology, lab cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem sib xyaw. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav. Kev soj ntsuam ntxaws tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab theem ntawm cov cim qog nqaij hlav rau txhua lub cev, tsim kom muaj lossis tsis muaj cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev. Ua tsaug rau tag nrho cov kev ntsuas saum toj no, tus kws tshaj lij tsim cov qib thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev thiab lub cev, nrog rau lub xub ntiag ntawm foci thiab metastases. Yog li ntawd, cov kev kho mob tsim nyog tau raug xaiv rau txhua tus neeg mob ib leeg.
Kev kuaj mob oncology ntawm lub hauv siab thiab plab hnyuv
Ib qho mob qog noj ntshav niaj hnub noyog mob ntsws cancer. Yog tias koj xav tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob sai li sai tau. Yuav kuaj mob ntsws cancer li cas? Cov kev kuaj mob dab tsi tuaj yeem raug sau los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb? Kev ntsuam xyuas suav nrog kev ntsuas ntsuas ntawm lub hauv siab - X-ray. Cov duab tso cai rau koj pom lub xub ntiag ntawm lub pob los yog neoplasm. Pathological hloov ntawm qhov me me tsis pom ntawm lub xov tooj cua tau lees paub thaum xam tomography. Yog tias tus neeg mob hnoos nrog hnoos qeev, ces nws yuav raug tshuaj xyuas hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob. Ib qho kev kawm tsim nyog yog kev kuaj ntshav biopsy ntawm lub ntsws. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam. Tshwj xeeb, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem nqa ib daim ntaub ntawm lub ntsws thaum lub sij hawm bronchoscopy - kuaj xyuas qhov mob ntawm lub ntsws siv lub raj nyias nyias (bronchoscope) nrog lub teeb ci. Lub bronchoscope yog tso ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub cev kab noj hniav los ntawm lub larynx. Ib qho biopsy kuj tuaj yeem ua nrog txoj kev qhib. Thoracoscopy yog ua los ntawm ib tug me me incision ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub caj dab. Tus kws kho mob muab cov cuab yeej tso rau hauv mediastinum thiab siv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav rau kev tsom xam. Yuav kuaj mob qog noj ntshav li cas? Yog hais tias ib tug malignant neoplasm yog xav tias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av, ib tug colonoscopy yog sau. Siv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb, tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas cov hnyuv sab hauv thiab tshuaj xyuas nws tus mob.
Zoo kawg
Cov lus pom ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txog kev tiv thaiv kev kuaj mob ntawm oncological pathologies yog qhov tsis meej. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuastxo qis kev tuag ntawm cov pej xeem. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov theem pib ntawm pathology siv cov cuab yeej niaj hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sau ntawv kho kom txaus, tshem tawm tus neeg mob ntawm neoplasm. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj pov thawj tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb tiv thaiv, ntau heev ntawm benign neoplasms raug kuaj pom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem kuaj mob hnyav tau siv, uas cov neeg mob raug kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog. Niaj hnub no tsis muaj qhov tseeb thiab meej cov lus teb rau cov lus nug ntawm qhov xav tau kev kuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv. Kev sim ua kom pom tseeb qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua txoj kev uas twb muaj lawm thiab txiav txim siab seb pab pawg twg yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas ua ntej.
