Kev tsis pom kev yog ib tus neeg txoj kev xaav ntawm ib qho khoom uas tsis muaj tseeb, uas tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm ntau yam kev puas siab puas ntsws lossis teeb meem nrog kev hnov qab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg tuaj yeem pom, hnov, lossis txawm hnov thiab kov ib yam khoom uas tsis yog nyob ze nws tam sim no, tab sis yuav tsis muaj nyob hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej.
A me keeb kwm
Nws tsis muaj qhov zais cia tias tsuas yog 20% ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb tau kawm, thiab thaj chaw seem tseem yog qhov paub tsis meej rau cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias txhua yam kev paub tsis meej thiab tsis paub meej yog ntaus nqi rau thaj chaw no. Cov txheej txheem no kuj suav nrog kev xav tsis thoob, uas tau tshwm sim tsis tu ncua txawm tias nyob rau lub sijhawm qub, thaum shamans lossis cov pov thawj siv ntau hom nceb lossis nroj tsuag ob qho tib si los ua kom pom "tus yaj saub" hauv lawv tus kheej thiab sib txuas lus nrog cov poj koob yawm txwv uas tuag ntev. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias ib txhia neeg ntseeg hais tias hallucinations yog ib hom ntawm panacea rau tej yam kab mob. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm lawv siv hauv kev kos duab, kev tshawb fawb lossis kab lis kev cai. Ib qho piv txwv yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv nto moo xws li Edgar Allan Poe, Gogol, Chopin, Vincent van Gogh. Qhov kev tu siab nkaus xwb yog qhov kev ua pauj rau cov txuj ci zoo li no tau maj mam degradation thiab, vim li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj tag nrho.
Txog hnub tim, hom kev hnov lus muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab suav nrog auditory, pom, olfactory, tactile. Tab sis thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau xav txog kom ntxaws ntxiv yog, ntawm chav kawm, yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim.
Hallucinations: ua rau, tsos mob
Qee qhov ua rau hnov lus tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si siv ntau yam tshuaj (hashish, opium), thiab tshuaj uas txhawb kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm ib tug neeg (antidepressants, phenothiazine). Tsis txhob hnov qab tias lom los ntawm kev haus cawv ntau dhau thiab qee cov nceb lossis cov txuj lom kuj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ntej rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Ib qho piv txwv yog nutmeg, uas ua rau hnov qab thaum noj ntau ntau.
Cov kab mob ntawm lub hlwb tuaj yeem ua rau olfactory hallucinations, uas muaj ntau heev rau cov neeg mob schizophrenia. Thiab yog hais tias koj ntxiv herpetic encephalitis rau nws, ces nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kuj muaj ib tug saj.
Kev tshwm sim ntawm kev pom kev pom kev cuam tshuam feem ntau nrog cov kab mob ntawm lub cev tsis pom kev. Cov xeev no, raws li txoj cai, muaj ntau yam kev pom thiab cov duab uas tus neeg tuaj yeem koom nrog.
Views
Ntxiv rau qhov kev faib raws li lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tsos, kev hnov lus kuj tau muab faib ua qhov tsis tseeb thiab qhov tseeb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv hom thib ob ntawm lub xeev, ib tug neeg tsis yog ib tug ncaj qha koom nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, tab sis, theej, zoo li yog los ntawm ib tug neeg soj ntsuam sab nraud. Qhov tshwm sim tsis tseeb, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tag nrho captures lub nco qab ntawm ib tug neeg, projecting tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws.
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, tam sim no muaj ntau hom kev xav tsis thoob, yog li peb yuav xav txog qhov tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv.
Visual hallucinations
Cov kev xav zoo li no tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li lub teeb ntawm lub teeb, me ntsis lossis pa taws (yooj yim), nrog rau ntau yam kev pom (tsis yooj yim) uas tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev nco qab. Lawv tuaj yeem yog:
- Txiv.
- Stationary.
- Kev hloov pauv.
- Solid.
- xim.
Lawv qhov loj tuaj yeem txawv ntawm qhov tsis tseem ceeb mus rau qhov loj heev. Raws li txoj cai, kev pom kev pom kev pom feem ntau tshwm sim tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm tus neeg, tab sis, raws li nws tau, me ntsis tom qab lossis rau sab. Lawv tshwm sim thaum yav tsaus ntuj thiab hmo ntuj.
Auditory hallucinations
Hnub no, kev hnov lus pom muaj xws li acoasms, phonemes thiab hais lus.
- Acoasma yog hu ua kev hnov lus, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau lub tswb, ringing, crackling thiab sib tsoo.
- Phonemes suav nrog kev hnov lus, tshwm sim hauv tus kheej cov lus lossis kab lus uas tau hnov los ntawm tus neeg mob.
- Vim tib yamhallucinations yog characterized los ntawm ntau lub suab paub rau tus neeg uas hais nws. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li ob qho tib si ntxhi thiab qw. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias, los ntawm lawv qhov xwm txheej, lub suab tuaj yeem ua siab zoo thiab soothing, tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm euphoria, los yog, conversely, hem thiab rau txim (kev nyuaj siab).
Raws li txoj cai, auditory hallucinations yog perceived los ntawm ob lub pob ntseg, tab sis muaj kev zam thaum lub suab tsuas hnov los ntawm ib sab. Feem ntau lawv tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj lossis nyob ntsiag to.
Kev tsis pom kev ntawm olfactory, tactile thiab gustatory xwm
Smell hallucinations muaj xws li tsis meej heev thiab faintly distinguishable tsw uas ua rau tsis xis nyob.
Saj hallucinations yog qhov kev xav ntawm saj ntawm zaub mov thiab ya raws hauv lub qhov ncauj. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thaum noj mov, cov neeg mob feem ntau tau sau tseg nws qhov tsis kaj siab thiab txawv txav.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Kev kho kev hnov lus ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb no nyuaj heev yog tias tsis tau pib thaum ntxov.
Tactile sensations muaj xws li kev xav ntawm tickling, nkag. Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev hnov lus zoo li no ntawm lub cev thiab sab hauv tau raug kaw.
Diagnosis
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias ib tus neeg muaj qhov pom kev tsis pom kev, thiab tsis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis pom kev, thaum nws yuav zoo li nws tias cov khoom uas sawv ntawm nws xub ntiag yuav hloov nws cov duab thiab tig mus rau qee qhov. yam tsiaj. Hallucinations yog thaum ib tug neeg tuaj yeem taw tes, piv txwv li, mus rau kaum ntawm chav tsev thiab thov tiag tiag tias ib tug neeg nyob ntawd.nyob. Qhov txawv ntawm lub xeev no yog qhov tsis yooj yim txaus los ntxias tus neeg mob tias nws tsis raug.
Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg, vim nws feem ntau txaus los txiav txim siab los ntawm nws yam kev pom kev zoo li cas tshwm sim. Cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov xwm txheej yog qhov tshwm sim, qhov twg nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob nco lub sijhawm no. Tsis tas yuav ntshai thiab xav tias: "Au Vajtswv, cov no yog kev xav tsis thoob, Kuv yuav ua li cas?" Thawj kauj ruam yog ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tug neeg, vim hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag uas tsis zoo rau ib qho xwm txheej (kev ntshai, ntshai, npau taws, kev xyiv fab, xav tsis thoob, thiab lwm yam) tshwm sim. Ntau qhov kev hnov lus tau tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv kev nchuav tawm zaub mov, kaw qhov muag, pinching lub qhov ntswg thiab ntsaws pob ntseg. Cov xwm txheej tau raug kaw thaum, nyob rau hauv cov xeev zoo li no, tib neeg pov lawv tus kheej hauv qab tsheb lossis dhia tawm ntawm qhov rais, khiav tawm ntawm kev xav txog dab. Raws li txoj cai, qhov tshwm sim no feem ntau ua ke nrog ntau lub xeev ntawm delirium, thiab nws qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev cais yog tsawg heev.
Kab mob uas ua rau pom kev
Qhov ua rau tus mob no tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam kab mob, qhov tseem ceeb yog schizophrenia thiab haus dej cawv.
Yog li, cov neeg raug kev quav dej caw feem ntau raug rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hnov lus tsis txaus ntseeg. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv ntau lub suab sib cav, vim tias tus neeg mob muaj kev ntshai, ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo siab tshaj plaws.
Syphilis ntawm lub hlwb kuj tuaj yeem ua rau pom kev,qhia nyob rau hauv lub zeem muag tsis zoo, qw.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias kev noj tshuaj tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau pom cov qog qog nqaij hlav xwb, tab sis kuj qhia tau hais tias muaj zog txaus ntshai ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.
Tshwj xeeb tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sau tseg yog tus kab mob amentia, tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsis nco qab loj heev. Nws symptomatology yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub synthesis ntawm kev xaav, kev xav, kev hais lus thiab tsis muaj peev xwm mus taug kev nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qhov chaw. Qhov txaus ntshai yog tias hom kev hnov lus tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Hallucinogens
Txawm tias txhua qhov kev tshwm sim tsis zoo, cov tib neeg txaus tseem sim ua kom muaj lub siab xav ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob hauv lawv tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ob qho tib si hallucinogens (marijuana, beta-carbolines, LSD) thiab ntau yam nroj tsuag lossis nceb, piv txwv li, nutmeg, yog siv, uas ua rau pom kev zoo siab rau lub sijhawm luv luv thiab ntau lub zeem muag.
Yog vim li cas rau kev noj cov tshuaj hallucinogens suav nrog:
- Kev nyuaj siab ntev thiab kev poob siab hauv lub neej.
- Tau qhov ntse thiab txawv txawv thiab lub siab xav.
- Kev xav ua kom pom kev pom.
Tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qhov kev xav tsis yog lub sijhawm luv luv uas muaj cov xim tshiab, tab sis kuj yog lub sijhawm uas koj yuav tau them rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv lossis lub neej.
Kev tshwm sim ntawm kev hnov lus hauv cov neeg laus
Raws li cov txheeb cais tshiab,Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hnov lus tau sau tseg hauv cov neeg laus, uas tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, muab qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv hauv lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg laus feem ntau ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv, nyuaj los ntawm ntau yam kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntshai ntawm qhov tsis paub. Tus mob no, nyob rau hauv lem, yog fertile av rau cov tsos ntawm hallucinations nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, manifested nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau yam suab, xim me ntsis los yog unpleasant tactile sensations.
Kev tsis pom kev hauv menyuam yaus
qhov tshwm sim no tsis dhau los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ib yam nkaus. Yog li, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws, ntau dua 15% ntawm cov menyuam yaus ua rau qhov tshwm sim no.
Nws tshwm sim nws tus kheej tsis hais poj niam los yog qhov chaw ntawm tus menyuam. Cov laj thawj uas ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob hauv tus menyuam muaj xws li kub taub hau. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias lub cev kub ua rau tsis tsuas yog ua rau tsis muaj zog thiab mob thoob plaws hauv lub cev, tab sis kuj ua rau clouding ntawm kev nco qab, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, txhais tau hais tias lub hlwb tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws nyob rau theem tsim nyog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txwv tsis pub tso tus menyuam yaus hauv lub xeev no, vim tias qhov tshwm sim no yog ib ntus thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntshai.
Qhov kev txaus ntshai tshaj plaws hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, rau cov niam txiv uas nws cov me nyuam mos tsis tsuas yog panicky ntshai nyob ib leeg thaum hmo ntuj, tab sis kuj yuav qw thiab tso zis nyob rau hauv lub txaj thaum pw tsaug zog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias vim li cas.xws li lub xeev ntawm lawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis muaj teeb meem rau txim los yog thuam rau qhov kev ntshai tshwm sim. Nco ntsoov tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum mloog tus menyuam mloog thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev nkag siab, vim tias lub xeev no tau tso tseg tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas yav tom ntej tuaj yeem txhim kho mus rau phobia yav tom ntej thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv lub siab lub ntsws ntawm tus menyuam..
Raws li qee tus kws tshaj lij, kev kho mob ntawm kev hnov qab hauv cov menyuam yaus tsis ua rau muaj kev xav tau sai sai li cov neeg laus, vim lawv nyiam ua rau nws loj dua. Tab sis muaj kev xav tias nws tsis zoo li yuav tshem tau lawv tag nrho, thiab nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej lawv yuav rov tshwm sim dua.
pab thawj rau kev hnov lus
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, thaum cov tsos mob ntawm qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim, nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias rau tus neeg mob txhua yam uas tshwm sim yog qhov tseeb. Yog li, cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws li kom txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim no:
- Tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum sim ua qee yam txwv tus neeg mob tias txhua yam uas tshwm sim rau nws yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb.
- Yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev los pab tus neeg daws qhov kev xav lossis kev xav uas tau tuav nws. Piv txwv li, yog tias nws muaj lub siab xav tias vampires tuaj yeem tuaj rau nws hmo ntuj thiab haus nws cov ntshav, ces koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog nws kom los nrog txhais tau tias "txuag" nws ntawm lawv.
- Yuav tsum tsim kom muaj cov xwm txheej zoo li qhov kev xav tsis thoob yuav tsis txaus ntshai rau tus neeg poob rau hauv nws lub zog lossis cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws.
txwv tsis pub nruj:
- Joke txog nws txoj kev xav.
- Showkhaus khaus hauv teb rau kev ntshai tsis muaj tseeb.
- Qhia tus neeg mob tias txhua yam uas tshwm sim rau nws yog ib qho kev xav ntawm nws txoj kev xav.
- Thov tsom ntsoov rau qhov uas tshwm sim rau nws. Piv txwv li, nrhiav lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab "tsis txaus ntseeg".
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub sijhawm no tsis txhob tsa koj lub suab rau tus neeg mob yam tsis tsim nyog. Hauv qhov no, nws raug nquahu kom muab nws lub siab tias koj yuav ua txhua yam ua tau kom "txuag" nws.
- Hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, thaum tus neeg mob zoo siab heev, koj tuaj yeem sim ua kom nws siab nrog ntau yam tshuaj sedative, taug kev ncig cov qhua lossis qhib suab paj nruag rau nws. Qee zaum, tej zaum koj yuav tau hu rau kws kho mob.
txoj kev kho
Hnub no, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kho kev hnov lus. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog tias lawv qhov ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws, ces kev kho yuav tsum tau pib tsuas yog tom qab sab laj nrog kws kho mob hlwb. Yeej, kev kho mob yog tsom rau kev nres qhov kev tawm tsam thiab tshem tawm lub xeev delusional. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tus neeg mob tau txhaj tshuaj "Aminazin" lossis "Tizercin", ua ke nrog cov tshuaj "Trisedil" lossis "Haloperidol". Tsis tas li, txoj kev kho mob yuav suav nrog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab atypical antipsychotics.
Tab sis, raws li kev xyaum qhia, kev noj qab haus huv txoj kev ua neej, txo cov kev ntxhov siab thiab tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj hallucinogens yuav txo tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm hallucinations nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg los ntawm ob peb lub sij hawm, los yog tseem ua rau kom tsis nco qab txog nws lub neej.
